Medical Terminology Semester Exam

In military time, midnight is written as ____.

0000 or 2400

Atrial Fibrillation, Atrial Flutter and PVCs are examples of ___

Arrhythmias

A(n) ____ is a graphic recording of the contraction of a muscle as a result of electrical stimulation.

EMG

What does Hypertension mean?

High blood pressure

____ antibodies make up about 75 percent of all immunoglobulins in the body and are the only immunoglobulin class that crosses the placenta and provides fetal immunity.

Immunoglobulin G (IgG)

____ causes an excessive increase in white blood cells.

Leukemia

Which of the following diagnostic tests uses an electromagnetic field and radio waves?

MRI

Which lymphocytes specifically target cells infected by cancer or viruses?

Natural killer cells

In which disease does the narrowing of the arteries result in decreased blood flow to the extremities?

PAD

Electrical current conduction in the heart terminates in the ____, located along the ventricle walls.

Purkinje fibers

Which part of the heart pumps blood into the lungs?

R ventricle

Kyphosis, lordosis, and scoliosis are three types of ____.

abnormal curvatures of the spine

Sebum discourages the growth of bacteria on the skin because it is slightly ____.

acidic

Formation of a fibrous band of tissue that hold two parts or surfaces together

adhesion

Lymphocytes and monocytes are both ____.

agranulocytes

Hair loss that results from genetics, normal aging, illness, or medications is called ___.

alopecia

Oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged in the ____ of the lungs.

alveoli

slightly movable joints

amphiarthroses

Tenotomy can be defined as ____.

an incision to a tendon

This medication helps prevent or alleviate spasmodic chest pain.

antianginal

a protein manufactured by the immune system in response to a substance that is harmful or is perceived as harmful

antibody

a substance that is harmful, or is perceived as harmful, by the immune system

antigen

the largest artery of the human body

aorta

the lowest part of the exterior of the heart

apex

Which of the following terms describes the separation of blood into its component parts?

apheresis

The division of the skeletal system that contains bones making up the arms, legs, and pelvic girdle is the ____.

appendicular skeleton

Blood travels from the heart to the lungs through the pulmonary ____?

arteries

blood vessels that carry blood from the heart to the body organs, tissues and cells

arteries

The use of a needle to puncture a joint space and remove accumulated fluid is called ____.

arthrocentesis

inability to coordinate voluntary muscle activity

ataxia

the upper chambers of the heart that receive blood from the body's veins

atria

the wasting away or shrinkage of muscle size

atrophy

Using a stethoscope to listen to sounds within body cavities is known as ____.

auscultation

An antibiotic fights or prevents ____ infections.

bacterial

The prefix ante- means

before

The prefix hypo- means

below normal

The mitral valve is also called the ____ valve.

bicuspid

What process do both fibrinogen and prothrombin aid in?

blood clotting

Skeletal muscle is attached to bone at ____.

both ends of the muscle

small, thin-walled blood vessels with semipermeable membranes that allow for gas exchange

capillaries

Blood platelets aid in ____.

coagulation

the clotting of blood

coagulation

a fibrous protein found in skin, bone, cartilage, tendons, and ligaments; connective tissue of the dermis

collagen

Muscle is made up of bundles of fibers held together by ____.

connective tissue

In ____, abnormal tissue is destroyed by the application of extreme cold.

cryosurgery

Decreased circulation of oxygen-rich blood can result in a bluish or purplish discoloration of the skin called ____.

cyanosis

Blood flowing through the tricuspid valve would be ___

deoxygenated

Which of the following terms describes the lowering of a body part?

depression

Where in the skin are hair follicles located?

dermis

the middle stratum of the skin; also called the corium

dermis

freely movable joints

diarthroses

Peyer's patches protect the body against harmful invaders that enter through the ____.

digestive tract

This medication helps reduce excess water in the body.

diuretic

Diverticulosis is a condition in which small pouches (diverticula) are present in the wall of the colon. If these pouches become inflamed, the condition is called ____.

diverticulitis

A medical term for a black-and-blue or purplish bruise caused by ruptured blood vessels beneath the skin is _____.

ecchymosis

A(n) ____ uses ultrasound to visualize internal cardiac structures.

echocardiogram

Which of the following terms describes the raising of a body part?

elevation

The innermost layer of the heart that lines the four chambers and covers the valves of the heart is called the ___.

endocardium

outermost layer of skin

epidermis

The densely packed cells of ____ not only cover the surface of the body, but also line internal organs and cavities.

epithelial tissues

The liver filters blood and serves as a storehouse for healthy ____.

erythrocytes

red blood cells

erythrocytes

The ability of a skeletal muscle to receive and respond to a nerve impulse is known as ____.

excitability

The ribs that attach to the cartilage of the ribs above them are called ____.

false ribs

The term phalanges refers to the bones of the ____.

fingers and toes

state in which muscles are flabby, relaxed, or have defective or absent tone

flaccidity

Which of the following is a form of arthritis in which uric acid builds up in the blood, causing joint swelling and pain?

gout

What does a Holter monitor record?

heart rhythms

Which of the following terms describes total paralysis on one side of the body?

hemiplegia

a protein that allows red blood cells to transport oxygen and carbon dioxide

hemoglobin

the process by which red blood cells are broken down

hemolysis

____ is the study of the structure and function of tissues.

histology

Beta blockers, angiotensin-converting inhibitors, and calcium channel blockers are medications used to treat _________.

hypertension

excessive growth or abnormal enlargement of a muscle

hypertrophy

A scratch test or an intradermal skin test may be done to ____.

identify allergies

An ____ disorder is one that has an unknown cause.

idiopathic

Where do granulocytes contain granules?

in their cytoplasm

The prefix ____ means "between."

inter

an abnormally raised, thickened scar

keloid

a fibrous, water-repellent protein found in skin, hair, and nails; makes up the epidermis

keratin

white blood cells

leukocytes

fibrous cords of tissue that connect bone to bone

ligament

The half-moon-shaped white area at the proximal end of the nail is called the ___.

lunula

a small, flat, discolored lesion on the skin; freckle

macule

What is a sphygmomanometer used for?

measuring blood pressure

Which substance is responsible for the skin's pigmentation or color?

melanin

Degeneration or deterioration of muscle tissue is called ____.

myolysis

Which medical term best describes the condition of: rupture or tearing of a muscle.

myorrhexis

A pathogen that does not cause disease unless the immune system is weakened is ____.

opportunistic

a disease-causing microorganism

pathogen

The fibrous sac that encloses the heart is called the _____.

pericardium

The ____ is the sheath of connective tissue that surrounds bundles of muscle fibers.

perimysium

round, pinpoint spots on the skin caused by intradermal hemorrhage

petechiae

Lymph differs from blood in that it does not contain erythrocytes or ____.

platelets

the movement of blood from the heart to the lungs and back again

pulmonary circulation

The marrow inside cancellous bone produces ____.

red blood cells

An antipruritic is a drug used to ____.

relieve itching

Which of the following describes the elimination of wrinkles through surgical removal of facial skin?

rhytidectomy

Loss of muscle mass, strength, and function as a result of aging is called _____.

sarcopenia

Which of the following is a contagious, parasitic infection of the skin?

scabies

the structure that divides the heart into left and right sections, creating a double pump; separates oxygenated and deoxygenated blood in the heart

septum

Where does electrical current conduction in the heart begin?

sinoatrial node

Which of the following is an example of a bone depression?

sinus

The xiphoid process is part of the ____.

sternum

the deepest layer of skin, which connects the skin to the surface muscles

subcutaneous layer

The joints between cranial bones are called ____.

sutures

immovable joint

synarthroses

the movement of blood from the heart to all parts and systems of the body

systemic circulation

A measurement of blood pressure while the heart ventricles are contracting is called ____.

systolic pressure

fibrous cords of tissue that connect muscle to bone

tendon

A state of sustained muscular contraction is called _____.

tetany

Which type of anemia is a genetic disorder in which the body produces less hemoglobin than normal?

thalassemia

blood platelets

thrombocytes

The medial bone in the lower extremity, distal to the femur, is the shinbone or the _____.

tibia

Why might an injured spleen have to be removed?

to prevent bleeding to death

Which of the following is an example of a bone process?

tubercle

hives with localized swelling and itching

urticaria

This medication narrows blood vessels, increasing blood pressure.

vasoconstrictor

blood vessels that carry blood to the heart

veins

the lower chambers of the heart that pump blood to the rest of the body

ventricles

After delivering oxygen, blood travels through tiny blood vessels called ____ and then into the veins.

venules

loss of pigment in one or more areas of the skin, creating the appearance of milky-white patches

vitiligo

Sweat is mostly composed of ____.

water

The ____ bones are the cheekbones.

zygomatic