Meiosis and Male Reproductive System

The penis consists mainly of _____ cylindrical columns of erectile tissue, which fill with blood during sexual arousal inducing enlargement and erection.

3

During meiosis II, each secondary spermatocyte divides, forming a total of ______ spermatids.

4

What is a germ cell?

A gamete or any precursor cell destined to become a gamete

Erection is regulated by which division(s) of the autonomic nervous system?

Both divisions

The gonadotropin that stimulates spermatogenesis is ______

FSH

True or false: In meiosis, four genetically identical daughter cells are produced.

False

True or false: The perineum is an area of the body found in males, but not females.

False

True or false: The seminiferous tubules lead into a network called the rete testis, which is where sperm complete maturation.

False

The hormone, ______, secreted by the anterior pituitary gland, stimulates production of ______ by binding to sustentacular cells.

Follicle-stimulating hormone; sperm

What are the main roles of testosterone in males?

Formation of external genitalia Development of secondary sex characteristics Stimulates spermatogenesis

During puberty, what occurs?

Increased gonadotropins Spermatogenesis

Which describes the blood-testis barrier?

It protects developing sperm from destruction by the host's immune cells and antibodies.

Describe the morphology of a mature spermatozoon.

Pear-shaped head, midpiece with a long tail

Where are the seminal vesicles located?

Posterior to the urinary bladder

What is the order of the male reproductive tract structures?

Testis, epididymis, ductus deferens, ejaculatory duct, urethra

What is the acrosome?

The part of the sperm which contains enzymes needed to penetrate the egg

Describe spermatogenesis.

The production of sperm cells through a series of mitotic and meiotic cell divisions

What is the function of the epididymis?

The site of maturation and storage of the sperm cells

Describe spermatogonia.

The undifferentiated diploid germ cells found in the peripheral region of the seminiferous tubules

How do primary spermatocytes form?

They form by the mitotic division of the spermatogonia.

Describe a spermatozoon.

a mature sperm

The part of the sperm which contains enzymes needed to penetrate the egg is called the _________.

acrosome

An erection occurs when the penis becomes engorged with ________

blood

The dorsal corpora _________ and the ventral corpus ___________ form the three columns of erectile tissue in the penis.

cavernosa, spongiosum

The columns of erectile tissue in the penis include the ______.

corpora cavernosa and corpora spongiosum

The spermatic cord and its coverings include ______.

cremaster muscle venous plexus ductus deferens testicular artery vas deferens

The duct that carries sperm from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct is ______.

ductus deferens

The ductules, which arise from the posterior side of the testis, are called ______ ductules and they carry sperm to the ______.

efferent, epididymis

Which tube transports sperm from the ductus deferens to the prostatic urethra?

ejaculatory duct

Efferent ductules carry sperm from the testes to which structure?

epididymis

The functions of the reproductive system include ______.

gamete production development of offspring hormone production

Any precursor cell destined to become a gamete is known as a ________ cell

germ

The term ______ describes a class of pituitary hormone that stimulates the gonads. This class includes FSH and LH.

gonadotropin

Luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone are released from the anterior pituitary and influence the function of the gonads. They are called ______.

gonadotropins

GnRH is produced and released by the __________.

hypothalamus

The gonads, the anterior pituitary, and the ____________ are involved in hormonal control of the reproductive system.

hypothalamus

Where is gonadotropin-releasing hormone produced?

hypothalamus

Testosterone is produced by ____________ endocrine cells, located in the testes.

interstitial

_____ cells of the testes increase their production of testosterone in response to LH.

interstitial

The interstitial cells of the testes secrete androgens, mainly testosterone, in response to ______.

luteinizing hormone (LH)

From proximal to distal, the three regions of the male urethra are the prostatic, ___________ and the spongy urethra.

membranous

In which part of the sperm are the most mitochondria located?

midpiece

Which two body systems are responsible for normal male reproductive function?

nervous and endocrine

Which type of stimuli are involved in controlling male reproductive function?

neural and hormonal

Where are the paired corpora cavernosa located on the penis?

on the dorsal side

The erectile organ that serves to deposit semen in the vagina is the _______.

penis

The region between the thighs bordered by the coccyx, pubic symphysis, and ischial tuberosities is known as the ______.

perineum

The cell called a _______ undergoes meiosis I, which gives rise to two equal-size, haploid, and genetically-unique secondary spermatocytes.

primary spermatocyte

Some of the daughter cells from the mitotic divisions of spermatogonia differentiate into _______ ________.

primary spermatocytes

The production of gametes and hormones for the creation of new individuals is the responsibility of the __________ system

reproductive

The seminiferous tubules empty into the tubuli recti, which then empty into a tubular network called the ______ before exiting the testes.

rete testis

The pouch of skin, muscle, and fibrous connective tissue that contains the testes is called the _____.

scrotum

The saclike structure that contains the testes is called the

scrotum

Meiosis I of spermatogenesis gives rise to two equal-size, haploid and genetically unique ______ spermatocytes.

secondary

A typical ejaculation results in the discharge of 2-5 mL of the fluid called ________

semen

The ejaculatory duct is formed by the convergence of the ______.

seminal vesicle and ductus deferens

Sperm cells are produced in the ______.

seminiferous tubules

The testicles are combined endocrine and exocrine glands that produce ______.

sperm and testosterone

Meiosis produces ______ in humans.

sperm cells and oocytes

Each secondary spermatocyte undergoes meiosis II, giving rise to which of the following?

spermatid

Sperm are produced by the process of _____________.

spermatogenesis

The division of a germ cell into four functional and genetically unique gametes is called ______.

spermatogenesis

The undifferentiated germ cells found in the peripheral region of the seminiferous tubules are called __________.

spermatogonia

A mature sperm cell, the male gamete, is also known as a(n)

spermatozoon

A pear-shaped head and long tail are the two major parts of a ______ (mature male gamete).

spermatozoon

The blood-testis barrier is formed by tight junctions between ______.

sustentacular cells

What do interstitial cells produce?

testosterone

What hormone is responsible for development of male reproductive anatomy, spermatogenesis, and the appearance of male characteristics?

testosterone

True or false: Each testis is classified as both an endocrine and exocrine gland.

true

The testes are covered with a white fibrous capsule called the _____.

tunica albuginea

The ductus deferens is also called the ______.

vas deferens