Meiosis and Male Reproductive System
The penis consists mainly of _____ cylindrical columns of erectile tissue, which fill with blood during sexual arousal inducing enlargement and erection.
3
During meiosis II, each secondary spermatocyte divides, forming a total of ______ spermatids.
4
What is a germ cell?
A gamete or any precursor cell destined to become a gamete
Erection is regulated by which division(s) of the autonomic nervous system?
Both divisions
The gonadotropin that stimulates spermatogenesis is ______
FSH
True or false: In meiosis, four genetically identical daughter cells are produced.
False
True or false: The perineum is an area of the body found in males, but not females.
False
True or false: The seminiferous tubules lead into a network called the rete testis, which is where sperm complete maturation.
False
The hormone, ______, secreted by the anterior pituitary gland, stimulates production of ______ by binding to sustentacular cells.
Follicle-stimulating hormone; sperm
What are the main roles of testosterone in males?
Formation of external genitalia Development of secondary sex characteristics Stimulates spermatogenesis
During puberty, what occurs?
Increased gonadotropins Spermatogenesis
Which describes the blood-testis barrier?
It protects developing sperm from destruction by the host's immune cells and antibodies.
Describe the morphology of a mature spermatozoon.
Pear-shaped head, midpiece with a long tail
Where are the seminal vesicles located?
Posterior to the urinary bladder
What is the order of the male reproductive tract structures?
Testis, epididymis, ductus deferens, ejaculatory duct, urethra
What is the acrosome?
The part of the sperm which contains enzymes needed to penetrate the egg
Describe spermatogenesis.
The production of sperm cells through a series of mitotic and meiotic cell divisions
What is the function of the epididymis?
The site of maturation and storage of the sperm cells
Describe spermatogonia.
The undifferentiated diploid germ cells found in the peripheral region of the seminiferous tubules
How do primary spermatocytes form?
They form by the mitotic division of the spermatogonia.
Describe a spermatozoon.
a mature sperm
The part of the sperm which contains enzymes needed to penetrate the egg is called the _________.
acrosome
An erection occurs when the penis becomes engorged with ________
blood
The dorsal corpora _________ and the ventral corpus ___________ form the three columns of erectile tissue in the penis.
cavernosa, spongiosum
The columns of erectile tissue in the penis include the ______.
corpora cavernosa and corpora spongiosum
The spermatic cord and its coverings include ______.
cremaster muscle venous plexus ductus deferens testicular artery vas deferens
The duct that carries sperm from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct is ______.
ductus deferens
The ductules, which arise from the posterior side of the testis, are called ______ ductules and they carry sperm to the ______.
efferent, epididymis
Which tube transports sperm from the ductus deferens to the prostatic urethra?
ejaculatory duct
Efferent ductules carry sperm from the testes to which structure?
epididymis
The functions of the reproductive system include ______.
gamete production development of offspring hormone production
Any precursor cell destined to become a gamete is known as a ________ cell
germ
The term ______ describes a class of pituitary hormone that stimulates the gonads. This class includes FSH and LH.
gonadotropin
Luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone are released from the anterior pituitary and influence the function of the gonads. They are called ______.
gonadotropins
GnRH is produced and released by the __________.
hypothalamus
The gonads, the anterior pituitary, and the ____________ are involved in hormonal control of the reproductive system.
hypothalamus
Where is gonadotropin-releasing hormone produced?
hypothalamus
Testosterone is produced by ____________ endocrine cells, located in the testes.
interstitial
_____ cells of the testes increase their production of testosterone in response to LH.
interstitial
The interstitial cells of the testes secrete androgens, mainly testosterone, in response to ______.
luteinizing hormone (LH)
From proximal to distal, the three regions of the male urethra are the prostatic, ___________ and the spongy urethra.
membranous
In which part of the sperm are the most mitochondria located?
midpiece
Which two body systems are responsible for normal male reproductive function?
nervous and endocrine
Which type of stimuli are involved in controlling male reproductive function?
neural and hormonal
Where are the paired corpora cavernosa located on the penis?
on the dorsal side
The erectile organ that serves to deposit semen in the vagina is the _______.
penis
The region between the thighs bordered by the coccyx, pubic symphysis, and ischial tuberosities is known as the ______.
perineum
The cell called a _______ undergoes meiosis I, which gives rise to two equal-size, haploid, and genetically-unique secondary spermatocytes.
primary spermatocyte
Some of the daughter cells from the mitotic divisions of spermatogonia differentiate into _______ ________.
primary spermatocytes
The production of gametes and hormones for the creation of new individuals is the responsibility of the __________ system
reproductive
The seminiferous tubules empty into the tubuli recti, which then empty into a tubular network called the ______ before exiting the testes.
rete testis
The pouch of skin, muscle, and fibrous connective tissue that contains the testes is called the _____.
scrotum
The saclike structure that contains the testes is called the
scrotum
Meiosis I of spermatogenesis gives rise to two equal-size, haploid and genetically unique ______ spermatocytes.
secondary
A typical ejaculation results in the discharge of 2-5 mL of the fluid called ________
semen
The ejaculatory duct is formed by the convergence of the ______.
seminal vesicle and ductus deferens
Sperm cells are produced in the ______.
seminiferous tubules
The testicles are combined endocrine and exocrine glands that produce ______.
sperm and testosterone
Meiosis produces ______ in humans.
sperm cells and oocytes
Each secondary spermatocyte undergoes meiosis II, giving rise to which of the following?
spermatid
Sperm are produced by the process of _____________.
spermatogenesis
The division of a germ cell into four functional and genetically unique gametes is called ______.
spermatogenesis
The undifferentiated germ cells found in the peripheral region of the seminiferous tubules are called __________.
spermatogonia
A mature sperm cell, the male gamete, is also known as a(n)
spermatozoon
A pear-shaped head and long tail are the two major parts of a ______ (mature male gamete).
spermatozoon
The blood-testis barrier is formed by tight junctions between ______.
sustentacular cells
What do interstitial cells produce?
testosterone
What hormone is responsible for development of male reproductive anatomy, spermatogenesis, and the appearance of male characteristics?
testosterone
True or false: Each testis is classified as both an endocrine and exocrine gland.
true
The testes are covered with a white fibrous capsule called the _____.
tunica albuginea
The ductus deferens is also called the ______.
vas deferens
