Menstrual Cycle

approximately how much oocyte is a female baby is born with?

200 thousand immature eggs or oocytes in each ovary

How long is the average menstrual cycle?

28 days

what size does it need to be, to be considered a ovarian cyst/follicular cyst?121

< 3 cm ( ovarian follicle is > 3cm don't get confused)

during the second half of the ovarian cycle which is the luteal phase what forms from residual cells of the graafian follicle, the thing that forms produces_____ that maintains thickness of the?

Corpus luteum, progesterone, and endometrial thickness

Usually only one follicle will reach full maturity which is called?

Dominant follicle/ Graafian follicle

What hormone is produced by the theca interna and granulosa cells within the maturing follicle?

Estrogen

What hormone is produced during the first half of the menstrual cycle?

Estrogen

What are the two main hormones the ovaries produce during the menstrual cycle?

Estrogen and progesterone

What hormone causes the ovarian follicles to develop during the first half of the menstrual cycle?

FSH

The onset of puberty will bring on the?91

First menstrual cycle

The hormone that the hypothalamus releases then stimulates the anterior pituitary gland to release their hormones which are?

Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) Luteinizing hormone (LH)

what are the two phases of the ovarian cycle

Follicular phase, and luteal phase

what are corpus luteum of the ovary formed by?

Formed by the residual cells of the ruptured graafian follicle.

what is the difference between A functional cyst and a follicular cyst?

Functional/physiological cyst - cyst that forms as a result of the menstrual cycle. Follicular cyst/ovarian cyst - dominant follicle/ Graafian follicle fails to rupture in ovulation and continue to grow.

The hypothalamus releases what hormone?

Gonadotropin releasing hormone- (GnRH)

The menstrual cycle is regulated by hormones secreted by what structures located in the brain?

Hypothalamus And anterior pituitary gland

What is the purpose of the Menstrual Cycle?

Is a series of hormone induced changes within the ovaries and endometrium to prepare for implantation of a fertilized ovum

What is the term used for the start of the menstrual cycle in adolescent female?

Menarche

what endometrial cycle phase occurs after ovulation? And is stimulated by progesterone to maintain endometrial thickness?

Secretory phase

What is ovulation?

When one or more oocytes are released from the ovary

is it normal for a small amount of fluid to be seen in the pouch of Douglas by ovulation?

yes

What days in the menstrual cycle typically correlate to menses? And about what day does ovulation typically occur?

1-5, day 14

if the fertilization of the oocyte does not occur what happens to the corpus luteum? What happens to the secretion of progesterone? What happens to the endometrium?

Corpus albicans, secretion of progesterone stops, endometrium no longer maintained (cycle starts again)

When does LH reach its peak(surges) of the menstrual cycle?

Day 14

What hormone singles the endometrium to thicken? Why is that a favorable environment for?

Estrogen, implantation and products of conception.

during what phase does the development and maturation of follicles occur and begins on day 1 and ends at approximately day 14?

Follicular phase

What is the meaning of the three line sign?

Late proliferative phase

what is the second half of the luteal phase and occurs after ovulation?

Luteal phase

During what phase of the endometrial cycle does shedding of the functional layer occur?

Menstrual phase

what are the three phases of the endometrial cycle?

Menstrual, proliferative, secretory

what is the term for a sharp pain during ovulation?

Mittelschmerz

What three segments is a follicle composed of? 100

Oocyte, theca cells, granulosa cells

The LH surge causes the graafian follicle to rupture and release the oocyte this is know as?

Ovulation

what occurs with the LH surge and what follicle ruptures?

Ovulation, the graafian follicle ruptures.

what hormone is responsible for maintaining the thickness of the endometrium?111

Progesterone

what hormone is secreted after ovulation? And occurred by the corpus luteum of the ovary?

Progesterone

During what phase of the endometrial cycle does the endometrium thicken as a result of estrogen Stimulation from the hormones of the ovaries?

Proliferative phase( functional layer starts to undergo thickening) in the beginning of this phase its thin and echogenic

What cells of the follicle respond to FSH and LH? And in turn what do they produce?

Theca and granulosa cells, they produce hormones and fluid in the follicle making it visible sonographically