metabolism

A nurse is caring for a diabetic patient with a diagnosis of nephropathy. What would the nurse expect the urinalysis report to indicate? Albumin Bacteria Red blood cells White blood cells

Albumin

Which of the following is a risk factor for the development of diabetes mellitus? Select all that apply. Hypertension Obesity Family history Age greater of 45 years or older History of gestational diabetes

Hypertension Obesity Family history Age greater of 45 years or older History of gestational diabetes

A 60-year-old client comes to the ED reporting weakness, vision problems, increased thirst, increased urination, and frequent infections that do not seem to heal easily. The physician suspects that the client has diabetes. Which classic symptom should the nurse watch for to confirm the diagnosis of diabetes? Numbness Increased hunger Fatigue Dizziness

Increased hunger

Lispro (Humalog) is an example of which type of insulin? Rapid-acting Intermediate-acting Short-acting Long-acting

Rapid-acting

The diabetic client asks the nurse why shoes and socks are removed at each office visit. Which assessment finding is most significant in determining the protocol for inspection of feet? Autonomic neuropathy Retinopathy Sensory neuropathy Nephropathy

Sensory neuropathy

Insulin is a hormone secreted by the Islets of Langerhans and is essential for the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and protein. The nurse understands the physiologic importance of gluconeogenesis, which refers to the: Transport of potassium. Release of glucose. Synthesis of glucose from noncarbohydrate sources. Storage of glucose as glycogen in the liver.

Synthesis of glucose from noncarbohydrate sources.

A 16-year-old client newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes has a very low body weight despite eating regular meals. The client is upset because friends frequently state, "You look anorexic." Which statement by the nurse would be the best response to help this client understand the cause of weight loss due to this condition? "I will refer you to a dietician who can help you with your weight." "You may be having undiagnosed infections, causing you to lose extra weight." "Your body is using protein and fat for energy instead of glucose." "Don't worry about what your friends think; the carbohydrates you eat are being quickly digested, increasing your metabolism."

"Your body is using protein and fat for energy instead of glucose."

A client with diabetes mellitus has a blood glucose level of 40 mg/dL. Which rapidly absorbed carbohydrate would be most effective? 1/2 cup fruit juice or regular soft drink 4 oz of skim milk 1/2 tbsp honey or syrup three to six LifeSavers candies

1/2 cup fruit juice or regular soft drink

A nurse is preparing a continuous insulin infusion for a child with diabetic ketoacidosis and a blood glucose level of 800 mg/dl. Which solution is the most appropriate at the beginning of therapy? 100 units of regular insulin in normal saline solution 100 units of neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH) insulin in normal saline solution 100 units of regular insulin in dextrose 5% in water 100 units of NPH insulin in dextrose 5% in water

100 units of regular insulin in normal saline solution

When administering insulin to a client with type 1 diabetes, which of the following would be most important for the nurse to keep in mind? Duration of the insulin Accuracy of the dosage Area for insulin injection Technique for injecting

Accuracy of the dosage

A nurse has been caring for a client newly diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. The client is overwhelmed by what he's facing and not sure he can handle giving himself insulin. This client has been discharged and the charge nurse is insisting the nurse hurry because she needs the space for clients being admitted. How should the nurse handle the situation? Suggest the client find a supportive friend or family member to assist in his care. Ask the physician to delay the discharge because the client requires further teaching. Tell the charge nurse she doesn't believe this client will be safe and refuse to rush. Ask the physician for a referral for a diabetes nurse-educator to see the client before discharge.

Ask the physician to delay the discharge because the client requires further teaching.

A client is admitted with hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome (HHNS). Which laboratory finding should the nurse expect in this client? Arterial pH 7.25 Plasma bicarbonate 12 mEq/L Blood glucose level 1,100 mg/dl Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) 15 mg/dl

Blood glucose level 1,100 mg/dl

A client's blood glucose level is 45 mg/dl. The nurse should be alert for which signs and symptoms? Coma, anxiety, confusion, headache, and cool, moist skin Kussmaul respirations, dry skin, hypotension, and bradycardia Polyuria, polydipsia, hypotension, and hypernatremia Polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, and weight loss

Coma, anxiety, confusion, headache, and cool, moist skin

Which combination of adverse effects should a nurse monitor for when administering IV insulin to a client with diabetic ketoacidosis? Hypokalemia and hypoglycemia Hypocalcemia and hyperkalemia Hyperkalemia and hyperglycemia Hypernatremia and hypercalcemia

Hypokalemia and hypoglycemia

The nurse is educating the client with diabetes on setting up a sick plan to manage blood glucose control during times of minor illness such as influenza. Which is the most important teaching item to include? Increase frequency of glucose self-monitoring. Decrease food intake until nausea passes. Do not take insulin if not eating. Take half the usual dose of insulin until symptoms resolve.

Increase frequency of glucose self-monitoring.

A hospitalized, insulin-dependent patient with diabetes has been experiencing morning hyperglycemia. The patient will be awakened once or twice during the night to test blood glucose levels. The health care provider suspects that the cause is related to the Somogyi effect. Which of the following indicators support this diagnosis? Select all that apply. Normal bedtime blood glucose Rise in blood glucose about 11:00 AM Increase in blood glucose from 3:00 AM until breakfast Decrease in blood sugar to a hypoglycemic level between 2:00 to 3:00 AM Elevated blood glucose at bedtime

Normal bedtime blood glucose Increase in blood glucose from 3:00 AM until breakfast Decrease in blood sugar to a hypoglycemic level between 2:00 to 3:00 AM

A client who was diagnosed with type 1 diabetes 14 years ago is admitted to the medical-surgical unit with abdominal pain. On admission, the client's blood glucose level is 470 mg/dl. Which finding is most likely to accompany this blood glucose level? Cool, moist skin Rapid, thready pulse Arm and leg trembling Slow, shallow respirations

Rapid, thready pulse

A nurse is preparing to administer two types of insulin to a client with diabetes mellitus. What is the correct procedure for preparing this medication? The short-acting insulin is withdrawn before the intermediate-acting insulin. The intermediate-acting insulin is withdrawn before the short-acting insulin. Different types of insulin are not to be mixed in the same syringe. If administered immediately, there is no requirement for withdrawing one type of insulin before another.

The short-acting insulin is withdrawn before the intermediate-acting insulin.