Methods of Psych - Chapter 6

Which of the following questions is most likely to result in a socially desirable answer?

"Have you ever sent a 'sext' (a sexually explicit message or photo)?"

Which of the following hypotheses would be best tested with a survey?

College students with part-time jobs have high self-esteem.

Which survey format is better for research? Online In-person Both are equally good It depends

It depends

Which of the following is true of question wording?

Researchers may alter the wording of a question to determine if it does have an effect on the results.

In developing a measure of "need for cognition" (the degree to which people like thinking and problem-solving), Dr. Jonason asks his participants to rate their agreement with the following statement: "I frequently solve and enjoy solving crossword puzzles." What should Dr. Jonason do to improve the construct validity of this question?

Split up the question into two separate questions.

Which is the best way of conducting a study?

Survey Experiment Observation Answer: It depends

What's wrong with the question? (Will you vote for me as best teacher in the college?)

You have an incentive to say yes, not a significant question, doesn't need to be asked

Which of the following is another term for response sets?

nondifferentiation

When observers' knowledge of the research hypothesis influences how they record their observations ___________ occurs

observer bias

Survey

A method of asking people questions face-to-face, on the phone, on written questionnaires, or online

True of False? Self report: Most people are accurate in describing why they act in the ways they do.

False

True of false? reliability and validity of observational studies: Codebooks increase reliability because they prevent reactivity in participants.

False

True of false? reliability and validity of observational studies: Good interrater reliability indicates that the observations are valid.

False

True or False? Observational Research: Researchers can watch and retain any video recordings, even if the participant has not given permission.

False

True or False? Survey and Poll: Even if respondents try to be completely honest, it is impossible for them to respond to a survey accurately enough to provide meaningful data.

False

True or False? Survey and Poll: How a question is worded has little to do with how it is answered.

False

True or False? Survey and Poll: The main drawback of open-ended questions is that people often write things that are illegible.

False

True of False? Self report: How confident people are in their accuracy is positively correlated with how accurate they are.

False Research has found that the variables of accuracy and confidence in accuracy are completely unrelated.

A researcher is observing a participant complete a logic puzzle in which the participant must select one of three buttons at the end. The participant moves to select the middle button when the researcher lets out a sigh and starts making notes on his clipboard. The participant reconsiders and selects the button on the left. What has happened in this example?

Observer effect

RESEARCH STUDY 6.1: Professor Singh creates a survey to measure how happy his students are with his teaching this semester. He is teaching two classes: Psychology and Law and Introduction to Neuroscience. He writes the following questions for his survey: D. How easy did you feel this class was? 12345Easy---------------Hard

Questions D is semantic differential scale

What's wrong with the question? (Do you favor reducing the overwhelming amount of homework you are forced against your will to do?)

The question is leading

What's wrong with the question response options? (Absolutely yes, very much yes, yes, mostly yes)

They're all some form of "agree"

True of False? Self report: Even strikingly vivid flashbulb memories can be inaccurate.

True

True of False? Self report: When people are unsure of their reason for behaving in a certain way, they often create justifications for their behavior rather than saying they don't know.

True

True of false? reliability and validity of observational studies: ICC is a correlation that quantifies the level of agreement between observers.

True

True of false? reliability and validity of observational studies: Using multiple observers does not eliminate observer bias.

True

True or False? Observational Research: If using hidden video recording, researchers should tell participants at the end of the study that they were filmed.

True

True or False? Observational Research: It is ethical to observe people in a public place because people expect their behavior to be public, not private.

True

True or False? Observational Research: When reporting observations from a public setting, researchers must not specifically identify the people they observed.

True

True or False? Survey and Poll: Questions that come earlier in a survey may affect how later questions are answered.

True

If respondents continually select "yes," they are participating in

acquiescence

If respondents select all middle options, they are participating in

fence sitting

Which of the following is a unique threat to construct validity found only in behavioral observation?

observer bias

When participants change their behavior based on perceived expectations from the observer, it is called

observer effects

A researcher most likely prepared two versions of a survey with different question sequencing to address the issue of

question order.

RESEARCH STUDY 6.2: Dr. Ewell, a developmental psychologist, is planning on conducting a study that involves watching children play together to determine how sharing behavior occurs in same-sex friend pairs compared to opposite-sex friend pairs. Dr. Ewell is concerned that the children will behave differently because of the presence of research assistants. He is concerned about

reactivity

When people change their behavior based on the presence of someone else, this is known as

reactivity

If respondents become fatigued or are unengaged in a survey, they may answer questions in a general pattern without really considering their honest responses. This is known as using a(n)

response set

Which of the following increases accurate responding?

reverse-worded questions

With sensitive topics, sometimes respondents answer in a way that aligns with what they believe everyone else thinks, in a way that makes them look good, or in a way they think the researcher would like them to answer. This is called

socially desirable responding

What's wrong with the question? (Is this your favorite class and do you feel that you could run your own experiment now? Yes or no)

the question is double-barreled

What's wrong with the question? (If you weren't to advocate not doing your homework, would you also not advocate not increasing the amount of reading you don't feel is too much already? Answers: no and not no)

the question presents a double negative