MG Exam 2 (ch 6-10)

Which of the following BEST describes "demassification"?

Segmenting customer groups into smaller, more specialized groups

Which terms describe good performance expectations?

Specific Achievable

Many employers are wary of giving references for which of the following reasons?

They fear that negative reviews may result in former employees suing the company. They fear that if they give a positive reference for someone who doesn't work out in a new job, they may be sued by that person's new employer.

When Kendra's manager asked the team to come up with new ideas for attracting people to their trade show booth, Kendra suggested installing a video game in the booth. Which part of the rational decision making process does Kendra's idea exemplify?

Think up alternative solutions.

Decision-making styles vary along which two dimensions?

Value orientation Tolerance for ambiguity

What are the two types of information that organization charts reveal about organizational structure?

Who specializes in what work Who reports to whom

Corey wants to reorganize the company. Currently there are HR units at each plant, fiscal units at each plant, and purchasing units at each plant. He feels that by bringing all of those key functions together in one location and deploying them to the plants only when needed, he will save money and also create consistency. Is Corey correct?

Yes, because the company will need fewer employees in these units, saving money and allowing for consistency in process.

________ is(are) another way of describing a vertical hierarchy.

a chain of command

Satisficing is the tendency of

a group to settle on a decision that is "good enough"

As the number of Uber drivers grows at a rapid rate, the company benefits from the fact that one of the few hiring tests it needs to ensure drivers pass is already done for them—the driving test needed to receive a driver's license. In the framework of employment tests, which type of test(s) does a driving test qualify as?

ability and performance tests

Before introducing the new software, Star Software Inc., conducted benchmark activities to assess how popular the product would be in the marketplace. Which stage of the strategic management process is being used in this situation?

access the current reality

An innovative culture is a place where failures are ______ the organization's culture.

an accepted part of

A consensus is reached when all members are able to express their opinions ______.

and reach agreement to support the final decision

All job candidates who are interested in working for Devlin Management must first complete an online form that lists their education, work history, and certifications. This is an example of a(n) ____ form.

application

Tito knows that one of the reasons people do not return to his electronics store is because of the slow service. How would a SWOT analysis classify the slow service at Tito's electronic store?

as a weakness

IKEA's product development process is based on extensive market research. Which step of the strategic-management process is most closely related to this development process?

assess the current reality

A performance appraisal consists of

assessing performance and providing feedback.

An AI application that learns from human inputs in order to assist humans in making better decisions is known as ____________intelligence.

augmented

Which of the following is not an advantage to including the Mayor and Police Chief in the decision-making process?

authority to make the decision

The first step in the unionization process is to have workers sign _______ which designate a certain union as the workers' bargaining agent.

authorization cards

In the ______ bias, managers use information readily available from memory to make judgments.

availability

Jorge is a customer service associate in an upscale supermarket. The monetary payment he receives in exchange for performing his job is referred to as _______.

base pay

Part of the frustration by drivers, and the reason that some want to unionize, is that they don't receive all parts of a typical compensation package often given to employees. Based on the case, which is the only part of a typical compensation package that Uber's "business partners" do currently receive?

base pay

Which decision-making style is the most people-oriented of the four styles?

behavioral

Based on the case, Khosrowshahi has more of a ________ decision-making style whereas Kalanick was more ________.

behavioral; directive

Nicole receives ______, such as sick-leave days, vacation days, and free parking, from her employer.

benefits

Uber reviews and evaluates each ride, which can be in the millions each day, in order to set surge pricing. This concept is most closely related to which of the following?

big data analytics

A(n) _____ organization is a fluid, highly adaptive organization whose members are linked by information technology and collaborate on common tasks.

boundaryless

Cooper Technologies is a technology company that offers many IT services in Chicago. The company's services and products include computer training, support, monitoring, repair, network design, virus removal, and software upgrades. It even sells refurbished computers. The source of Cooper Technologies' strategic position is

broad needs and many customers

IKEA is strategically positioning itself based on which of the following customer needs?

broad needs, many customers

What two things does the BCG matrix evaluate?

business growth rates market share

Rites and rituals, which are activities and _____ used to celebrate important organizational events or achievements, can be leveraged in the process of culture change.

ceromonies

ch 8 assignment

ch 8 assignment

ch. 8 quiz

ch.8 quiz

A _____ culture has an internal focus and values flexibility rather than stability and control.

clan

Research shows that employees have more positive work attitudes in organizations with a(n) _____ culture.

clan

Which form of workplace labor agreement is now considered illegal?

closed shop

The process through which the union and management negotiate pay, benefits and other work terms is _____.

collective bargaining

In the elements of organizations, ________ unifies employees or members and gives everyone an understanding of the organization's reason for being.

common purpose

The three elements of__________ include wages and salaries, incentives, and benefits.

compensation

"Don't tell me the truth; just tell me what I want to hear" is an example of the _______ bias.

confirmation

Typically the_________ clause in a union contract is tied to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics' consumer price index (CPI).

cost-of-living adjustment (COLA)

To promote innovation, organizational structure and internal process should foster ______.

cross-functional communication collaboration agility

A system of shared beliefs and values that develops within an organization and guides the behavior of its members is called organizational ______.

culture

Symbols, stories, heroes, and rites and rituals are ways in which ____ is (are) most often transmitted to employees.

culture

Johanna has been asked by the department manager to prepare a SWOT analysis on two of the company's products. In which step of the strategic management process would a company use a SWOT analysis?

current reality assessment

Ford Motor Co. has separate divisions for passenger cars, for large trucks, and for farm products. Ford uses _______ in its organization.

customer divisions

A graph of decisions and their possible consequences used to create a plan is known as a(n) ______.

decision tree

A person's ________ reflects the combination of how he or she perceives and responds to information.

decision-making style

An employee may be ________, or moved downward to a job with lower responsibilities and pay, if he or she performs poorly for an extended period.

demoted

Managers use the four levers of targeting elements of change to ______

diagnose problems

According to Harvard Business School professor Michael Porter, strategic positioning means ________ to achieve sustainable competitive advantage.

distinctive positioning

Hannah, an HR manager for Accurate Steel Cutters, had a meeting with the Vice President of Safety to determine if the new safety training program appears to be effective in preventing and reducing the number of accidents on the shop floor. In which step of the learning and development process is Hannah engaged?

evaluation

Isabel, the owner of The Daily Dispatch, a small city newspaper, started her business two years ago, believing that there was still enough demand for her product. However, because people are busy and because so much news is now available online, she has seen the demand for her paper drop steadily. Isabel made a decision to change the original direction of the company and focus more on an Internet news service. Isabel is relying on __________ by demonstrating that managers need to think and act as if their company is an unfinished prototype, and by seeing her business as outsiders do.

evidence-based decision making

_____ is the process that helps align the last two phases of the strategic-management process: strategic implementation and strategic control.

execution

Espoused values are _____. For example, Hewlett-Packard stresses the "HP Way," a collegial, egalitarian culture that gave as much authority and job security to employees as possible.

explicitly stated values and norms preferred by an organization

True or false: Organizational development is used to hire new executives.

false

Sometimes changes on the job are intimidating and lead to self-doubt. In this case, employees are most likely to resist change due to _______.

fear of failure

If Freeman violates the terms of its labor-management agreement, what can an individual union employee do?

file a grievance

An organization that wants to eliminate layers in favor of creating a culture where employees have more power should consider adopting a _____ organizational structure.

flattened

A _____ is a vision or projection of the future that is made following a SWOT analysis.

forecast

According to his union contract, James is supposed to work no more than eight hours of overtime each week. For the past four weeks, he has had to work 12 hours of overtime. He has decided to file a complaint that his agreement has been violated. This complaint is known as a _____.

grievance

Jai is a member of a tight-knit team at work that avoids any kind of disagreement.Team members, therefore, avoid considering new ideas. What behavior is Jai's team exhibiting?

groupthink

A business that wants to reach more customers and hires more employees to get this done is focusing on a _____ strategy.

growth

Marlene works in a manufacturing facility, Carz Parts. Throughout the building there were posters and calendars of a sexually explicit nature, making Marlene very uncomfortable. Carz Parts

has a hostile work environment.

If an organization wishes to become more controlling and authoritative toward its employees, it should consider adopting a(n) _____ structure.

hierarchical

The tendency of people to view events as being more predictable than they really are is referred to as ________bias.

hindsight

A person's decision-making style is a combination of how a person perceives something as well as _____.

how they respond to it

Scott is a manager at a large electronics company. His primary role within the organization is to plan for the "people needs" of the business, and then attract, develop and retain an effective workforce. Scott is involved in _____ management.

human resource (HR)

Ashante was telling a friend about her new job. She commented, "We work in groups all the time and everyone is able to share ideas. I am so new I just listen, but if I wanted to, I know they would listen to me too. Ashante is suffering from

illusion of unanimity and peer pressure..

In the fourth stage of rational decision making, managers will _____.

implement and evaluate the chosen solution

Organizations use ______ such as commissions, profit-sharing, bonuses, and stock options to attract and retain top performers.

incentives

Samantha is employed as a sales engineer in a large medical products firm. The _______ of her job include commission on the sales she generates, quarterly performance bonuses, and stock options.

incentives

Alexandra and her boss are two female employees of the organization. Which of the following linguistic characteristics are more likely to be used by women more than men?

indirect when telling others what to do

Which of the following is NOT a supertrend shaping the future of business?

information becoming a competitive advantage

A set of interdependent processes and structures that dictate how a company seeks out problems and solutions, synthesizes ideas into a business concept and product design, and chooses projects for funding is a(n) ______.

innovation system

Which of the following is an advantage of group decision making?

intellectual stimulation

Which of the following statements regarding the horizontal design are true? (select all that apply)

internal boundaries are broken down workgroups are used to improve collaboration this design is also called a team-based design

Carol is in charge of a meeting to decide what the company should do about the new sales people who don't know how to follow-up with former clients. Which stage of the organizational development process is Carol participating in?

intervention

Corporate-level strategy: (select all that apply)

involves senior executives in planning focuses on the organization as a whole answers questions such as "what business are we in?" and "what products and services shall we offer?"

Coordinated effort, one of the four common elements of organizations proposed by Schein,

is represented by the coordination of individual efforts coming together into an organization-wide effort.

Employees are more likely to resist change if ______.

it is a surprise

Hourly workers at Brite Electroplating have joined an organization to protect their interests by bargaining with management over job-related issues. This organization is a(n) _____.

labor union

What is the BEST example of a mutual-benefit organization?

labor union

Which is a purpose of organization development?

managing conflict

As a sales manager, Tanya is conducting performance appraisals for her team members. To do so, she tracks each person's sales calls, amount of sales, and revenues on a quarterly basis. Tanya is using a(n) ______ system of appraisal.

objective

Performance appraisals that are based on facts and are often numerical are referred to as _______ appraisals.

objective

What are the three parts of a systems model of change?

outputs inputs target elements of change

A(n) ______ innovation is a change in the way a product or service is conceived, manufactured, or disseminated.

process

Changing the appearance or the performance of a product or a service, or the creation of a new one, is called ______ innovation.

product

When a change is made to a product or service that changes its appearance or performance, this is known as a(n) ______ innovation.

product

Last week Jordan's boss told him he was moving him from sales team manager to the director of sales. This career move represents a _____.

promotion

If research shows that a particular test measures the same thing consistently, the test has high _______.

reliability

The _______ bias reflects our tendency to generalize from a small sample or single event.

representativeness

A manager that hires all applicants that have graduated from a certain college because a particularly good employee came from that same college is an example of _____.

representativeness bias

An emotional/behavioral response to real or imagined threats to an established work routine is known as ______.

resistance to change

Although commitment from all members of an organization is important, if ______ in particular are not committed to achievement of the organization's innovation goals, the goals are unlikely to be achieved.

senior leaders

Which of the following initially handles a grievance filed by an employee?

shop steward

An employee transfer within an organization is thought of as moving ______, because the employee is moving to a position of similar responsibility.

sideways

Heuristics are strategies that ______ the process of making decisions.

simplify

Which of the following is not legal as the basis for hiring and promotion decisions?

skin color religion gender

A _____ is a narrative about the company's history that is repeated by an organization's members in order to emphasize a particular value.

story

Manufacturing automation and office automation are examples of ______ that are forces for change outside the organization.

technological advancements

Any machine or process that enables an organization to gain a competitive advantage in changing materials used to produce a finished product qualifies as ______.

technology

Which of the following is NOT a factor that affects the level of resistance to change?

the gender of the change agent

According to the systems model of change, which of the following is NOT an input?

the organization's products or services

What are three characteristics that affect decision making by a group?

the size of the group the knowledge of group members the efficiency of the group

You own a small deli near campus and learn that the university is exploring whether it should open a Subway sandwich franchise in the Student Union. Which of Porter's competitive forces does this represent for you?

threat of new entrants

Which of the following represent competitive forces used in Porter's model for industry analysis?

threat of substitute products or services threats of new entrants rivalry among competitors bargaining power of buyers bargaining power of suppliers

Why should you practice self-compassion?

to increase your openness to change and reduce your need to be perfect

In considering the staffing an organization might need in the future, human resource managers should

understand the organization's vision and strategy in order to hire personnel to support them.

Common purpose, one of the four common elements of organizations proposed by Schein,

unifies members and helps everyone understand the organization's reason for being.

A labor_______ is an organization of employees formed to protect and advance members' interests by bargaining with management over job-related issues.

union

The ___________________ clause is the part of the labor-management agreement that states that employees who receive union benefits must join the union, or at least pay dues to it.

union security

If a union operates in a right to work state, it will not be allowed to create a ________ workplace, but may have a ________ workplace.

union shop; open shop

Delux Technologies makes and sells only one product, a high-quality processor for mainframe computers. Delux was recently approached by Imagination Station, a large computer manufacturer, about purchasing their company. Imagination Station is engaging in

vertical integration.

An organization's vision statement needs to describe

what the company wants to become and where it wants to go strategically.

When would a company use a VRIO analysis?

when deciding whether or not a new product might work in the marketplace

1. Based on the case, which of the following is a driver of Uber's organizational culture? 2. The celebration of key accomplishments by chest bumps and the push-up contests reflected what level of organizational culture at Uber during former CEO Kalanick's tenure? 3.Based on the competing values framework, it would seem that Uber had a ________ culture under Kalanick, but now has more of a ________ culture with Khosrowshahi at the helm. 4. In the case, John Dudovskiy of Research Methodology recommends that Uber exhibit what type of span of control? 5. Which of the following is an example of Uber's organizational structure possibly supporting its culture?

1. CEO Khosrowshahi 2. observable artifacts 3. market; clan 4. wide 5. the weakening of Kalanick's authority by the board of directors

Match the four basic kinds of workplace labor agreements with the correct description. 1. closed shop 2. union shop 3. agency shop 4. open shop

1. Employers may hire only workers for a job who are already in the union. 2. Workers must join the union within a specific time after being hired. 3. Workers must pay equivalent of union dues, but are not required to join the union. 4. Workers may choose to join or not join a union.

1. Wages or salary 2. Incentives 3. Benefits

1. Monetary payments to employees in exchange for doing their jobs 2. Inducements to attract and retain top performers or induce employees to be more productive 3. Additional nonmonetary forms of compensation such as health insurance, vacation and retirement plans

Match the type of dismissal with its description. 1. Layoff 2. Downsizing 3. Firing

1. Temporary dismissal from an organization, likely due to economic conditions 2. Permanent dismissal, often related to a company-wide reorganization 3. Permanent dismissal for cause

What are Porter's four competitive strategies?

1. cost-leadership 2. differentiation 3. cost-focus 4. focused-differentiation

Organizations wishing to change their culture may alter their physical layout and design in order to: (select all that apply)

1. encourage employee productivity 2. send a strong message about the culture

Match each step in the organization development process with the type of question that it answers. 1. Diagnosis 2. Intervention 3. Evaluation 4. Feedback

1. what is the problem 2. what should we do about it 3. how well has the intervention worked 4. how can the diagnosis be further refined

Which of the following are examples of what can function as the first stage in rational decision making by managers?

Customer complaints Poor product quality Sales shortfalls

Factors such as the increasing number of women in the workforce and the growing number of older workers exemplify which force for change outside the organization?

Demographic characteristics

_____ is the tendency of the parts of an organization to disperse and fragment.

Differentiation

Which of the following is a demographic characteristic that is a force for change outside the organization?

Education

What is the most valuable competitive resource for a manager who needs alternative solutions to a problem?

Employees with ideas

The agency whose job it is to enforce anti-discrimination and other employment laws is called the _____.

Equal Employment Opportunity Commission

Match the type of organization with its description.

For-profit organization: Formed to make money by offering products or services Nonprofit organization: Formed to offer services to clients rather than make money Mutual-benefit organization: Voluntary collective formed to advance members' interests

Identify the three types of structures categorized as organizational designs with open boundaries. Check all that apply.

Modular Hollow Virtual

Which of these situations provides an external opportunity that the company may exploit to gain competitive advantage?

Monica's rare book company has weak competition.

Which of these is another term for hindsight bias?

The "I-knew-it-all-along" effect

Uber Case

Uber Case

Zenplace Changes the Real Estate Industry

Zenplace Changes the Real Estate Industry

Which of the following can leaders pay attention to, measure, and control in order to change the organization's culture? (select all that apply)

activities outcomes processes

If Uber compares its performance in Canada to the performance of Lyft, it would be

benchmarking

Juanita feels it is important for her taxi company to continually measure itself against its best competition. She keeps track of the number of rides per hour and turnaround times for all her drivers and compares it to that of other high-performing taxi companies in the area. Juanita is using the process of _____ to compare her company with another.

benchmarking

The process by which a company compares its performance with that of other high-performing organizations is known as _______.

benchmarking

________ is the process by which a company compares its performance with that of high-performing organizations.

benchmarking

One assumption of a systems approach to change is that change ______.

creates a ripple effect through an organization

In order, the steps of the strategic-management process are

establish the mission, vision, and values statements; assess the current reality; formulate the grand strategy; implement the strategy; and maintain strategic control.

Evan has a Bachelor's degree in ethics and human resources, and he has extensive experience working with employees and managers regarding ethics, especially in the area of ethical dilemmas. In his current position he has assisted extensively in determining if the company's decisions are both ethical and lawful. Which position in the company does Evan's background make him ideally suited for?

ethics officer

_____ embed preferred culture by describing organizational philosophy, mission, vision, and values.

formal statements

Which of the following is NOT one of the primary uses of OD?

improving recruitment

The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator is a(n) ______ test.

personality

All of these choices are correct.

receiver

Assume you are completing a SWOT analysis for CVS. Amazon's entrance into the healthcare business would fall under which part of the analysis?

threats

Sasha has run a small diner near the train station for the past ten years. Six months ago, a chain restaurant serving gourmet burgers and sandwiches opened up near him and he has had to re-think his menu. He added some specialty sandwiches and free fries with every burger in order to retain his customers. Which of Porter's five competitive forces has affected Sasha's business?

threats of new entrants

Flat organizations generally have few levels with _______ spans of control, with one manager overseeing many employees.

wide

Assistant to the President: Ms. Fineberg has low work specialization and few rules in her position. 5 V.P., Human Resources: Mr. Allen is the top human resources executive. 1 V.P., Television Division: Mr. Hernandez oversees the television division. 4 V.P., Commercial Accounts: Ms. Nguyen is the head of commercial accounts. 3 V.P., European Market: Ms. Orlov is in charge of the company's European markets. 2

1. Functional Structure 2. Geographic Division 3. Customer Division 4. Product Division 5. Simple Structure

2 -Apple releases an updated version of the Mac book. 1 -Refineries learn to extract more oil in less time. 4 -NASA invents flying cars. 3 -All components of a home are prefabricated and shipped in the same package for construction on site.

1. Process innovation 2. Product innovation 3. New-direction process innovation 4. New-direction product innovation

1. Benefits 2. Incentives 3. Base Pay

1. Sam has worked for many years for her company. A few more years and she can look forward to collecting her monthly pension check. 2. Julian works really hard and is a top salesman in his firm. Julian enjoys his regular paycheck every other week, but really looks forward to the healthy commission checks he gets that are based on his sales. 3. Pria gets a large paycheck compared to her colleagues because of the dangers associated with her particular job.

1. Zion took his older car to a mechanic and had his transmission rebuilt (a somewhat costly repair). The next week, his brakes quit working. Instead of trading the car in, he put in new brakes as well, since he had already fixed the transmission. 2. After a couple of weeks in his class in corporate finance, Milo decided he should be able to do just as good of a job at making investment decisions as his broker. 3. After finally deciding on what new car to buy, Declan told his friends and colleagues about it, but disregarded the things said by friends who didn't like the model he chose. 4. A new company offering office supplies opened up and Sai decided to try the new vendor, not knowing if their service would be any good. After a few months of good service, Sai looked back and felt he knew he had picked a winner all along. 5. When she was looking at leasing a new car, Rosa noticed that the car salesman focused more on the monthly payment than on the overall cost of the lease versus buying it outright. 6. Trinity tried a new sales technique with a new client. It worked! She now assumes that this technique will also work with all of her current clients. 7. Much to the dismay of her friends and colleagues, Amara decided to change cellphone carriers. She wasn't happy with the new service, but continued to use them rather than switch back to the carrier all of her friends wanted her to use. 8. When she traveled to Australia on business recently, Cori assumed the weather would be the same as her home in New York. She soon found out it was winter in Australia. 9. Nishka was looking at buying a new car. After seeing the sticker prices on really expensive models, the lower cost models looked even more attractive!

1. Sunk-Cost Bias 2. Overconfidence Bias 3. Confirmation Bias 4. Hindsight Bias 5. Framing Bias 6. Representativeness Bias 7. Escalation of Commitment Bias 8. Availability Bias 9. Anchoring and Adjustment Bias

Common purpose 1 Coordinated effort 5 Division of labor 7 Hierarchy of authority 3 Span of control 6 Authority, responsibility, and delegation 4 Centralization vs. decentralization 2

1. Without this, the organization begins to drift and become disorganized 2. This is related to who makes important decisions in the organization 3. Without the right to direct the work of others, there is no coordination of effort 4. This has to do with having the rights associated with managerial tasks 5. Individuals do make a difference, but they cannot do everything themselves 6. This is linked with whether the structure is taller or flatter 7. This results in greater efficiency

1. Agency Shop 2. Closed Shop 3. Union Shop 4. Open Shop

1. Workers at University College must pay the equivalent of union dues, but they aren't required to join the union. 2. Raelynn's Builders may only hire workers for a job who are already in the union. 3. At Spokes Utility, workers aren't required to be union members when hired but they must join the union within a specified time. 4. Workers at Louisiana Concrete may choose to join or not join a union.

According to Barnard's definition, which of the following examples represent organizations? (select all that apply)

1. a crew of two people coordinating their activities on a commercial tuna fishing boat 2. the BumbleBee or StarKist tuna companies with their thousands of employees

1.Julia and Ben have different views of company culture. Julia believes in more of a ________ culture, while Ben is a supporter of ________ culture. 2. Which of the following was Mandy most focused on in the video? 3. Patrick recommends that Julia implement culture change by utilizing which of the following? 4. Ben recommends that Julia implement culture change by utilizing which of the following? 5. If Julia releases a formal statement, which level of organizational culture is she affecting?

1. clan; market 2. Churnout's espoused and enacted values match 3. formal statements 4. role modeling, training, and coaching 5. espoused values

A union election was held by the NLRB at Jaxon Industries, and 130 workers cast votes in the election. How many votes in favor of the union must be cast for the union to be certified as the workers' exclusive representative?

66 at least 50%

What is the most accurate description of person-organization fit?

A match between an individual's personality and values and those of the organization

_________ is another term for a defensive strategy.

A retrenchment strategy

When he applied for a clerical position at Halewood Manufacturing, Tyrone was asked to complete an employment test that assessed his keyboarding skills as well as his mathematical skills. What type of employment test did Tyrone complete?

Ability test

Which type of change implementation makes employees feel the least threatened?

Adaptive change

In this video, the employee Alexandra and her boss are having a face-to-face meeting. Face-to-face communication has which of the following advantages?

All of these choices are correct.

Online retailer Amazon relies heavily on a hierarchy culture to manage its vast and complex shipping processes. ___________ are part of Amazon's hierarchy culture.

An internal focus and valuing stability and control

In developing its future strategy, CVS is focusing on Amazon, which is expanding into the healthcare business. What stage of the strategic management process does this represent?

Assess the current reality

In which step of the learning and development process does the employer identify if there are gaps in what new employees need to know and if those gaps can be filled by learning and development?

Assessment

When Marissa applied for a position at Blake Products, she was asked to provide the names and telephone numbers of three people who would be able to speak about her work performance at her last job. Which of the following selection tools does this BEST describe?

Background information

Pacific Specialty Bikes store gets customized parts for its high-end models from a local manufacturer, Premium Supply. When the manufacturer announced a price increase, the bike store tried to switch to other local manufacturers but learned they that they wouldn't be able to meet delivery schedules. As a result, Pacific Bike chose to pay the higher prices from Premium Supply. Which of Porter's competitive forces does this demonstrate?

Bargaining power of suppliers

______ is the basic wage or salary paid to employees in exchange for doing their jobs.

Base pay

Becoming More Open to Change

Becoming More Open to Change

Chapter 9 Quiz

CHAPTER 9 QUIZ

Successful implementation of major decisions requires which of the following?

Careful planning Sensitivity to those affected by the decision

Which one of the following best describes the decisions made by a person with an analytical style?

Carefully considers lots information and alternatives

What are two factors that contribute to resistance to change?

Change agent characteristics Employee characteristics

Which of the following statements is true about the effectiveness of OD?

Change efforts should produce positive results, using multiple interventions, supported by management.

Chapter 10

Chapter 10

Chapter 10 Assignment

Chapter 10 Assignment

chapter 10 quiz

Chapter 10 Quiz

Chapter 6 Assignment

Chapter 6 Assignment

Chapter 6 Quiz

Chapter 6 Quiz

Which decision-making style is characterized by a high tolerance for ambiguity and the consideration of many options together with a willingness to take risks?

Conceptual

Sales this year at Stars and Stripes Consignment have been high, and based on several factors, Stars and Stripes projects next year's sales to also be good. However, even with a forecast of continued strong sales, Starts and Stripes Consignment needs to develop a plan in case sales drop unexpectedly. ________ is the type of planning for alternative future conditions.

Contingency planning

What is the third stage of the rational model of decision making?

Evaluate alternatives and select a solution.

Which of the following are among the seven methods of fostering innovation?

Get commitment from top managers Institute the necessary human resource policies, practices, and procedures Create an innovation strategy Establish the required structure and processes

______ are strategies such as "rules of thumb" that simplify decision making

Heuristics

Organizational Structure at Freshii

Organizational Structure at Freshii

Evidence-based management attempts to introduce which factor into the decision-making process?

Rationality

Which statement about organizational development is true?

Successful organization development usually involves multiple interventions.

Which of the following causes of the cheat are probably true?

The decision making was conscious.

What occurs during a structured interview?

The interviewer asks every candidate the same set of questions.

When making decisions for her department, Ellie tends to take a long time because she takes into consideration a large amount of information. What type of decision-making style does Ellie demonstrate?

analytical

Organizational design is concerned with which two activities?

creating structures of accountability and responsibility creating a structural design that will help an organization execute its strategies

A ____ is a choice made from among available alternatives.

decision

All the following are characteristics of group decision-making EXCEPT _____.

groups make decisions quickly

Porter's five competitive forces form a model for _____ analysis.

industry

Katia, the computer department manager at Tech Enterprises, is considering whether to use a group to develop a plan to help employees sell extended warranties on technology sales. Katia should consider having the group make this decision if

it will increase acceptance of the plan.

1. There is a greater pool of knowledge to draw from. 2. Decisions may be made quicker using satisficing. 3. A small group of people may talk the longest and the loudest. 4. People bring different perspectives. 5. A group may bring greater intellectual stimulation. 6. Group members will strive for unanimity. 7. Participating in making a decision helps in understanding the rationale for it. 8. Sometimes other issues will arise and take precedence. 9. Participating in making a decision helps promote commitment to it.

1. Advantage of group decision making 2. Disadvantage of group decision making 3. Disadvantage of group decision making 4. Advantage of group decision making 5. Advantage of group decision making 6. Disadvantage of group decision making 7. Advantage of group decision making 8. Disadvantage of group decision making 9. Advantage of group decision making

1. High growth rate, high market share—a definite keeper 2. Risky new ventures of which some will take off, others will not 3. Have good market share, but slow growth; income can be used for other winners or potential winners 4. Slow growth, not much market share—should get rid of these

1. Stars 2. Question Marks 3. Cash Cows 4. Dogs

Which of the following is a good suggestion for managers when conducting interviews?

After the interview, write a short report with a quantitative score of the candidate's qualifications.

Stores of data that are so large or complex that it is difficult to process them using traditional data base management applications are known as ______.

Big Data

Can J.C. Penney Be Saved?

Can J.C. Penney Be Saved?

Chapter 8 Quiz continue

Chapter 8 Quiz continue

Chapter 9

Chapter 9

Chapter 9 Assignment

Chapter 9 Assignment

Which legislation gave rise to the establishment of the Equal Employment Opportunity (EEO) Commission?

Civil Rights Act of 1964

What are supertrends that are currently affecting the future of business?

Competitive advantage is coming increasingly from knowledge, not information. The way we work is being impacted by offshore suppliers.

Components of an Innovation System

Components of an Innovation System

Which of the following are examples of Big Data?

Data in corporate databases Web-browsing data trails Social network communications Surveillance data

Which of these would be considered observable artifacts in an organization? (select all that apply)

Decorations Rituals Awards

Jordan plans to open a computer repair business this summer. As he plans, he writes down the long-term goals of the business so he can decide where he wants to go strategically. Which stage of the strategic management process is Jordan in?

Establish the mission, vision, and values statements

Refer to Figure 6.2. Place the steps in the strategic-management process in the correct order, with the first step listed at the top.

Establish the mission, vision, and values statements Assess the current reality Formulate corporate, business, and functional strategies Execute the strategies Maintain strategic

What are common results of groupthink?

Failure to consider new information Loss of new ideas

_____ management refers to the activities related to planning for, attracting, developing and retaining an effective workforce.

Human Resource

Which of the following questions would you use to evaluate alternatives in the third stage of the rational model of decision making.

Is it feasible? Is it ultimately effective? Is it ethical?

Which models are characteristic nonrational models of decision making?

Models that describe how managers actually make decisions

Which two of the following are concerns that a manager should consider when an employee is promoted?

Nondiscrimination Fairness

Which of these requires organizations to provide employees with nonhazardous working conditions?

OSH Act

Which legislative act was passed to ensure safe and healthy working conditions for employees?

Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA)

How are offshore suppliers changing the way U.S. companies work?

Other countries have employees willing to work twice as hard for half the pay.

Which of these are examples of business analytics?

Portfolio analysis Time-series forecast

Match the two types of workplace discrimination to the correct description. 1. Adverse Impact 2. Disparate Treatment

1. An organization uses an employment practice or procedure that results in unfavorable outcomes to a protected class. 2. Employees from protected groups are intentionally treated differently.

1. The research and development department and the marketing department make some alterations to a current product with the intention of attracting new customers. 2. After the recent recession, the company sold off vacant buildings. 3. The research and development department and the production department do a great job when we ramp up production, but the customer service department takes time to catch up. 4. The recent expansion has been successful, but we don't want to spread ourselves too thin. 5. After recent expansion, the company wants to avoid growing too quickly. 6. The top managers are considering a merger.

1. Growth strategy 2. Defensive strategy 3. Stability strategy 4. Defensive strategy 5. Stability strategy 6. Growth strategy

Elision's values statement now begins with "Committed To Making Things Right" to signify that Elision wants to correct its past mistakes, and also operate in the "right" way in all its future endeavors. 7 At the end of all meetings at Elision, attendees have started saying "We Stand UP" in unison. This reminds employees that the company wants to be upstanding in its endeavors as they go forth to tackle their jobs. 6 Managers are encouraged to email one subordinate each week who they've noticed is doing the right thing, even when it's difficult, and congratulate them. Managers copy Khurana on the email so that she is aware of the employees' choices and is able to congratulate them herself. 3 Word about Khurana is spreading among employees after many have found news articles outlining her reputation for integrity, personal philanthropy, and willingness to turn down profitable opportunities when an ethical problem exists. 12 Ms. Khurana has made public apologies on behalf of the company, instituted thorough internal investigations, and spends a few days each month meeting with small groups of Elision employees at multiple locations to explain how she's working to resolve ethical problems. 11 Elision employees now spend 4 hours of paid time each month engaging in continuing education that teaches them about ethics and social responsibility. 10 The walls at Elision were once covered with news stories, photos, and awards representing conquests and profits. The company is slowly removing these items, replacing them with reminders of the company's social impacts, as well as those of other organizations that have exemplified social responsibility. 8 Elision is working to reduce its ecological footprint. The company has instituted a program where employees can receive bonuses based on their ridesharing, recycling, and waste reduction efforts. 9 Elision has built thorough and validated integrity testing into its selection system for new employees. .4 Elision is tracking the number of hours of ethics education its employees earn. 5 The company's compliance division is making suggestions for delayering and reconfiguring that will help employees know where to go when they have questions and concerns. 1 Elision is adopting new software that will allow its compliance division to better track employee transactions. 2

1. Organizational Structure 2. Organizational Systems and Procedures 3. Rites and Rituals 4. Organizational Goals and Performance Criteria 5. Measurable and Controllable Activities 6. Slogans and Sayings 7. Formal Statements 8. Physical Design 9. Rewards, Titles, Promotions, and Bonuses 10. Role Modeling, Training, and Coaching 11. Leader Reactions to Crises 12. Stories, Legends, and Myths

A clan culture has what three characteristics?

1. Strives to encourage cohesion through consensus and job satisfaction 2. A family-type organization 3. Encourages collaboration among employees

1. Ability test 2. Performance tasks 3. Personality tests 4. Integrity test

1. These tests measure factors such as strength, stamina, mechanical aptitude and cognitive skills 2. These tests measure an applicant's execution of various work tasks 3. These tests measure characteristics such as sociability, emotional stability and independence 4. These tests assess attitudes and experiences a person's honesty, dependability, and trustworthiness

1. Consumers are drinking less diet soda in favor of things like flavored zero calorie water and fresh juices. 2. Apple introduced its Homepod to the home sound system market that had been previously dominated by Sonos. 3. Walmart demanded that all its vendors cut their prices by 15 percent. 4. If you don't like the price of something at your local store, you can probably find it online with two-day shipping at a lower price. 5. On Amazon, the average product's cost changes every ten minutes based on data the company collects including rivals' prices.

1. Threat of Substitute Products or Services 2. Threat of New Entrants 3. Bargaining Power of Suppliers 4. Bargaining Power of Buyers 5. Rivalry Among Competitors

Elena, who is Hispanic, was told by the personnel director that she did a great job at the interview but that he couldn't hire her because all the other candidates had a college degree and she did not. However, because the position didn't require a college degree, the personnel director's reasoning would be an example of which type of workplace discrimination?

Adverse impact

Rank the steps of the learning and development process in order, placing the first step at the top and the last step at the bottom.

Assessment Objectives Selection Implementation Evaluation

A performance appraisal is likely to contain which two of the following types of information?

Assessment of performance Performance feedback

Turbine Manufacturing uses artificial intelligence in its factories to automate basic tasks, freeing human employees to perform more high-level finishing and quality assurance tasks. Which area of artificial intelligence does this illustrate?

Assisted intelligence

Maria, a senior product manager at Impasse Software, recently retired. Since sales of Maria's primary products have been declining for years, the human resource manager decides not to replace her and instead reassigns all of her subordinates to different departments. What is this an example of?

Attrition

Rather than holding formal meetings in the board room, Kevin prefers meeting with his group over lunch at a restaurant. He feels that his group opens up more during these lunches and opinions are openly exchanged. Which style of decision making does Kevin use?

Behavioral

What is the name of a technique used to help groups generate multiple ideas for solving problems in which potential ideas or solutions are collected (sometimes anonymously) and written on a board or flip chart?

Brainstorming

How do organizational consultants carry out a diagnosis?

By attending meetings and performing direct observation By consulting company records By using surveys and questionnaires

chapter 8

Chapter 8

Tim has recently been laid off from his job. He was the one in his family who took care of health insurance. Which law will help him to continue to provide care for his family?

Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act

_____ is the process of assigning managerial authority and responsibility to managers and employees lower in the hierarchy.

Delegation

According to psychologist Daniel Kahneman, which of the following characteristics describe System 2 thinking?

Deliberate Analytical Conscious

Managers taking a contingency approach to organizational design should consider which three things in determining the optimal structure for the organization?

Differentiation vs. integration environment Link between strategy, structure and culture Mechanistic vs. organic environment

Being placed on suspension or temporary leave as a consequence of poor performance is an example of which human resource management action?

Discipline

What is a common cause of employee resistance to change?

Disruption of group relationships

Consulting firm Accenture predicts that by 2035 artificial intelligence will have which economic effect?

Economic growth will double.

At Hudson Food Company, managers permit experimentation, risk taking, and tolerate failure. Which step of supporting innovation does this represent?

Fostering an innovative culture and climate

When crafting a solution to a problem during a performance appraisal, what should employers do?

Get the employee's input. Make themselves available for further questions or feedback.

Which of these are reasons for the increase in ethical violations among business leaders in the 21st century?

Globalization allows businesses to operate in regions where ethical risks are greater. The 24/7 news cycle places more scrutiny on unethical behavior. Digital communications are more susceptible to hackers and whistleblowers.

Match the dimensions of the competing values framework (CVF) with their descriptions.

Horizontal: Expresses the extent to which the organization focuses its attention and efforts inward on internal dynamics and employees versus outward toward its external environment and customers. Vertical: Expresses the extent to which an organization prefers flexibility and discretion versus stability and control.

Based on the ethical decision tree, on which question did the organization go wrong?

Is the proposed action legal?

Under former CEO Kalanick, when Uber entered into a new market, it often disregarded local laws and allowed its drivers to begin work illegally. Which step in the ethical decision tree was Uber not considering?

Is the proposed action legal?

How is artificial intelligence changing the recruiting process?

It can schedule interviews, screen and rank candidates, and administer ability tests.

What is the intended benefit of the forced ranking approach to performance appraisal?

It encourages managers to reward top performers and discipline poor performers.

Manager's Hot Seat: Change—Innovation in Aisle 9

Manager's Hot Seat: Change—Innovation in Aisle 9

Manager's Hot Seat: Churning Out a New Culture

Manager's Hot Seat: Churning Out a New Culture

Which of these assumptions are made in the rational model of decision making?

Managers have complete, error-free information about alternative courses of action and their consequences. Managers will always select the course of action that they know will most benefit the organization. Managers are able to make logical decisions without prejudice or emotional blind spots.

Which of the following is an example of a proactive change?

Mirabel explores improvements in bonus structures with her staff and begins to implement them despite the fact that her employees are generally content.

What are the four target elements of change?

Organizational arrangements Social factors Methods People

A(n) _____ analysis is an assessment of the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats affecting the organization.

SWOT

At the beginning of the video, Ava does not properly follow the third step of the rational decision-making process. What did she do wrong?

She quickly jumped to the solution of ordering an evacuation.

Rick's Cafe is a new restaurant in town. It has Rick, (the owner), five waitstaff, two cooks, a busboy, and a hostess. He is considering hiring a manager for the restaurant and asks for your thoughts. What advice would you give him?

The cafe is small enough in size that it can be maintained as a flat organization without a middle manager.

Which of the following reasons makes it hard to be evidence-based?

The evidence doesn't quite apply.

Which model of decision making acknowledges that uncertainty and risk make it difficult for managers to make optimal decisions?

The nonrational model

Compared to internal recruiting, which of the following is true of external recruiting?

The process is more expensive and takes longer.

Which of the following is an accurate description of decision making?

The process of identifying and choosing alternative courses of action

Which model of decision making explains how managers should use logic to determine the optimal means of furthering the organization's best interests?

The rational model

What are reasons that the forced ranking approach to performance appraisal is falling out of favor?

The system gets rid of talented as well as untalented people. It creates legal risk due to the perception of bias. It results in reduced employee performance

Otis, the manager of a camera store, believes that his store may be closed by corporate in the near future, so he cannot sleep well at night and he is dealing with severe anxiety and irritability, and he has been ill several times this month. Several times Otis has missed important details in his job, and he almost got in an automobile accident this morning. The district manager is coming today to do his bimonthly evaluation of Otis's store. Although Otis usually performs well, he is worried about this one. His district manager may be influenced by ________ bias.

availability

Uber does not own its fleet of cars; rather, it relies on contracted drivers. These drivers represent which competitive force in Uber's environment?

bargaining power of suppliers

A _______ often puts organizational development into practice.

change agent

As an OD consultant, Mika is designing a survey of employee attitudes to be given to workers at Hope Urgent Care, a provider of emergency-care services in a low-income neighborhood. In collecting this information, Mika is conducting the ______ stage of OD.

diagnosis

What is the first step in organizational development?

diagnosis

Charles believes in having his team members present conflicting proposals before choosing one. He feels that this leads to the best decision and saves time in the long run because all options are explored up front. Charles uses the ______ decision method.

dialectic

The more subunits into which an organization breaks down, the more highly _____ it is.

differentiated

After being referred by a friend, Hedyeh attended a job interview. She didn't feel it went well, but she was surprised when her friend told her the boss didn't like that Hedyeh had worn her hijab, a traditional headscarf worn by Muslim women. The boss told a coworker after the interview, "Our customers prefer working with Christians." Hedyeh is a victim of

discrimination

Business growth rate, as used in the BCG matrix, is concerned with how fast the _____ is(are) growing.

entire industry

Organizational opportunities in a SWOT analysis are

environmental factors that the organization may exploit for a competitive advantage.

When Sebastian wrote the contract with BP for over two billion dollars, he included targets for performance that had to be met before a payment would be released. Sebastian was trying to avoid ________bias.

escalation of commitment

True or false: It is common practice today for most small business owners to engage in strategic planning.

false

People's reaction to change depends largely on ______.

how they were taught to handle change as children

The first stage in the rational decision-making process involves _____.

identifying the problem

Rosie, the sales manager for a software development firm, is working on the problem of increasing sales by using the rational model of decision making. In the first step she identified the problem of her employees needing more training. In the second step she thought of alternative solutions; and in the third step she evaluated alternatives and selected a solution. Rosie needs to _____ in the fourth and final step.

implement and evaluate the training program chosen

The process of creating something new that can be applied profitably is referred to as ______.

innovation

A plan for being innovative that requires a company to integrate its innovation activities and business strategies is a(n) ______.

innovation strategy

Which of the following activities will impact human capital?

lack of sleep

Don was temporarily dismissed from his company because sales are slow. When the situation improves at the company, he will likely be brought back as an employee. This is an example of being _____.

laid off

An organization's _____ can pay attention to, measure, and control a number of activities, processes,or outcomes in order to foster a certain culture.

leaders

Innovations must be ______.

novel

The readily apparent symbols and manifestations of an organization's culture are called its _____.

observable artifacts

Evidence-based decision relies on ______.

observations about what actually works

When considering SWOT analysis, what is an example of an organizational weakness?

obsolete technology

What type of structure is best suited to innovation?

organic

A(n) _____ is a system of consciously coordinated activities or forces of two or more people.

organization

A box-and-lines illustration showing the formal lines of authority and the organization's work specializations is called a(n) ______ chart.

organizational

Richard, the store manager at an Old Navy outlet, was speaking with Brescia, his new assistant manager, about the store's system of job relationships; he also explained whom she will report to and who will report to her. Richard said, "This system is one of the things that motivates our employees to work together to achieve our company's goals." Richard was telling Brescia about the store's

organizational structure.

Which of the following is NOT a type of compensation?

promotions

Which of the following is NOT part VRIO?

resource

The obligation you have to perform the tasks assigned to you in the organization is known as your _____.

responsibility

Luxury Linens Inc. produces the highest thread-count sheets available anywhere and does so at a price that none of its competitors can duplicate. It can be said that Luxury Linens has a(n) _____.

sustainable competitive advantage

As owner and senior accountant at a tax preparation firm, Ben is changing the work schedule of all employees, including managers and accountants, for the months of March and April, the company's busiest time. He is requiring everyone to work on weekends, just as he has during the tax-preparation season for the last ten years. How does Ben predict the employees will react?

they will hardly be upset or not be upset at all

Newly-implemented government regulations have reduced the availability of raw materials for Blair Woodworking Corp. This would be considered an external organizational ______ in a SWOT analysis.

threat

Michael Porter proposed that business-level strategies originate with the primary competitive forces in the firm's environment; these forces are the

threats of new entrants and substitute products or services, the bargaining power of suppliers and buyers, and competitive rivalries.

Which of the following are typical reasons for which employees might be transferred?

to broaden their experience in being assigned to a different position to retain their interest and motivation by being presented with a new challenge, to solve organizational problems by using their skills at another location to solve employee problems, such as personal differences with a boss

Achievement of strategic goals through organization development is likely to fail if ______.

top managers are not committed

One method of changing organizational culture is to provide structured _____ as an in-depth introduction to organizational values.

training

True or false: Multiple organizational development interventions have been found to work better than single interventions.

true

Human resource mangers use the term ________to describe a situation in which an employee leaves and is replaced through internal or external hiring.

turn over

1. Define Performance 2. Review Performance 3. Provide Consequences 4. Monitor and Evaluate Performance

1. Aileen and her supervisor discuss how the market is looking and how much of an increase in sales she believes is realistic and attainable for this year. 2. While Vonda's sales are strong, they do not appear to be in line with what she and her supervisor anticipated, so they are meeting to discuss how she can boost her sales in time to meet her goals. 3. Yang receives his bonus check when he beats his sales goals by 10 percent. 4. Quentin has a discussion with his supervisor about how sales are going and whether or not it looks like he will make this year's budgeted sales figures.

1. Grace has a high tolerance for ambiguity and tends to focus on the social aspects of a situation. She is willing to take risks and is good at finding creative solutions to problems. 2. Pei is very people-oriented. When making decisions, he enjoys social interactions in which opinions are openly exchanged. He is receptive to suggestions and tends to avoid conflict. 3. Ursula has a high tolerance for ambiguity but focuses on technical aspects more than social aspects. She is a careful decision maker, taking longer to make decisions but acting well in new situations. 4. Ellis has a low tolerance for ambiguity. He is efficient, logical, practical, and systematic in his approach to solving problems.

1. Conceptual 2. Behavioral 3. Analytical 4. Directive

1. 1. Avoid immediately reacting to a suggestion with "that will never work." 2. Encourage your team to each come up with as many ideas as they can in three minutes. 3. Make it clear that no one may interrupt another person who is sharing an idea 4. Try to focus on extending the ideas of other people. 5. Set up poster boards and use different colors for different types of ideas. 6. Remember to avoid criticizing ideas during the initial idea-generating phase. 7. Get excited about outrageous ideas. 8. Get people to move beyond their one or two favorite ideas by requiring ten or more ideas from each person. 9. Instead of saying "but", try using "and." 10. Set ground rules such as "no disrespecting coworkers" before you begin brainstorming. 11. Praise people for thinking totally outside of the box. 12. Use multi-colored markers on your brainstorming whiteboard to get people to think more creatively.

1. Defer judgment 2. go for quantity over quality 3. one conversation at a time 4. Build on the ideas of others 5. be visual 6. Defer judgment 7. Encourage wild ideas 8. go for quantity over quality 9. Build on the ideas of others 10. one conversation at a time 11. Encourage wild ideas 12. be visual

List the steps of the rational model of decision making in the correct order, with the first step listed at the top and the last step listed at the bottom.

1. Identify the problem or opportunity. 2. Think of alternative solutions . 3. Evaluate alternatives and select a solution. 4. Implement and evaluate the solution chosen.

1. Freshii headquarters uses a flat organization, which means decision making is more 2. Freshii emphasizes a lean management structure. This means that span of control at Freshii is generally 3. Based on what you've learned about Freshii, which of the following would most likely be true? 4. Which of the following is a danger to having a competitive culture where employees "own" their specific piece of the business? 5. Freshii's organizational structure most closely resembles which of the following designs?

1. decentralized 2. wide 3. Freshii is an organic organization. 4. Differentiation is more likely to occur. 5.horizontal

1. Based on the case, W.L. Gore has which type of organizational structure? 2. Based upon the competing values framework, W.L. Gore has which type of culture? 3. Bill Gore believed in keeping operational facilities small due to his focus on high quality interpersonal relationships, and as such, the company splits up people at a facility once it reaches a certain size by creating a new location. Which level of organizational culture does this describe? 4. Bill Gore wanted to start a company that was free from bureaucracy and a command and control style of leadership. He felt that this was the best way to foster creativity, engagement, and innovation. What type of organizational design fits best with this view? 5. At W.L. Gore, associates have sponsors whose goal is to help them succeed. Moreover, sponsors help associates chart a course in the organization that will offer personal fulfillment while maximizing their contribution to the enterprise. Which of the 12 ways to embed organizational culture does this most closely align with?

1. horizontal 2. clan-based 3. observable artifacts 4. organic 5. role modeling, training, and coaching

1. Ron Johnson, JCPenney's former CEO, had a vision to make Penney hipper, and he changed long-held strategies and management practices that defined the company's culture and identity. Which kind of change does this vision most closely align with? 2. JCPenney's former CEO, Marvin Ellison, created a strategy that included hiring experienced senior executives to lead efforts in e-commerce, supply chain, information technology, and marketing. Which stage of Lewin's model of change (Figure 10.2) best represents this strategy? 3. When former CEO Johnson was hired, one of his first actions was to fire 600 employees at corporate headquarters. He continued to cut costs over the next two years by firing 19,000 store employees. Based on the ten reasons why employees resist change, which of the reasons may be prevalent based on Johnson's actions? 4. When Ellison was hired as CEO, he conducted more than 60 employee town-hall meetings and visited 100 stores with JCPenney's then interim CEO. These face-to-face interactions were instrumental to Ellison as he was looking for disconnects between corporate strategy and store operations. Which part of the organizational development process does this exemplify?

1. innovative change 2. changing 3. fear of job security 4. diagnosis

1. More and more prospective home buyers and renters quickly need assistance from realtors at different times of the day. This is a(n) ________ force for change connected to ________. 2. Assume Long and Foster Real Estate company decides to copy what Zenplace is doing and introduces machine-based real estate agents. What type of change would this be for Long and Foster employees, agents, and brokers? 3. Zenplace's machine-based realtors would fall under what approach toward innovation? 4. Which current "supertrend" is Zenplace responding to?

1. outside; customer and market changes 2. innovative 3. process-improvement 4. The marketplace is becoming more segmented.

True or false: The availability bias means that your manager may give more weight to your most recent work rather than everything you have done over the course of year.

True

Uber—Chapter 10: Change and Innovation

Uber—Chapter 10: Change and Innovation

Place the stages of Lewin's Change Model in the correct order, with the first stage listed at the top and the final stage listed at the bottom.

Unfreezing, Changing, and Refreezing

Which of the following is currently true about unions?

Unions primarily consist of public-sector workers.

What strategy do employers use to eliminate the risk of bias in job interviews?

Use a committee of three or more people to design, conduct, and evaluate the interview.

What are companies doing to respond effectively to increasing segmentation of the marketplace?

Using more narrowly targeted marketing messages

Which of these are common methods for conducting job interviews?

Videoconferencing Phone call Face-to-face

The human resource manager at Creative Minds Inc. has just calculated that the employee absenteeism rate for 2017 is 18 percent higher than it was in 2016, and the turnover rate increased 20 percent over the same time period. Which of the following is NOT an option she should consider for improving the situation?

Wait until 2018 and see what the turnover rate is at the end of that year.

Uri, a server in a popular family restaurant, is the most popular employee with both customers and employees, and as a result, he usually earns the most in tips. He is always ready to lend a hand when asked, and with his warm personality and supportive nature, people confide in him. Uri does have a problem telling people no, and he has a tendency to avoid conflict because he is concerned about hurting others or getting people mad. Uri likely has a(n) _________ decision-making style.

behavioral

chapter 7

chapter 7

The _____ bias occurs when people seek data to support their point of view and disregard information that does not support it.

confirmation

The common term used to describe the techniques for implementing planned change to make people and companies more effective is called organizational ______.

development

In which step of the learning and development process does the employer analyze whether employees' gaps in knowledge have been successfully filled?

evaluation

A grand strategy that involves expansion of things like sales revenues, market share, or number of employees is known as a(n) _____ strategy.

growth

CVS' purchase of Aetna represents what type of fundamental strategy?

growth

Uber's initial public offering (IPO) ambitions represent a ________ strategy, and its interest in developing Uber Air can be considered a(n) ________ strategy.

growth; innovation

With a hollow structure, the organization

has a central core of key functions and outsources others to vendors who are less expensive or faster.

Miriam's mother was in the army, so as a child, Miriam moved a lot. It was rare for her to spend more than a year in any location, which meant she was always the new girl in school and had a hard time making friends. She was often lonely and unhappy as a result. Recently, Miriam's company decided to move into a new building and reorganize the different departments. Miriam is likely to be resistant to this change because ______.

her childhood predisposed her to dislike change

Andre's company is restructuring, and he is unhappy about it. As a result of the restructuring, Andre will be managing four employees instead of nine. He is most likely resistant to the change because it ______.

is resulting in a loss of status

Which of the following is most likely a reason Ava is satisficing?

limited time

To be successful, strategic planning requires a company to have a _____ orientation.

long-term

Which of the following represent traditional organizational designs? (select all that apply)

matrix divisional functional simple

An organization where authority is centralized, tasks and rules are clearly specified, and employees are closely supervised is called _____.

mechanistic

Top-down structure and rigid rules are characteristics of a(n) _____ organization.

mechanistic

The more subunits into which an organization breaks down, the

more highly differentiated it becomes.

In organizational culture, a story is a(n)

narrative based on true events which is repeated in order to emphasize a particular value.

Bianca, the CEO of Solar Tiles, has only three people reporting to her: the vice president of marketing, vice president of HR, and vice president of accounting. Bianca has a

narrow span of control.

Keurig created a new category of coffee/tea preparation by offering one-cup-at-a-time pod-style brewing with its "K-cups." Keurig's product is an example of a(n) _____ innovation.

new-direction

Alexandra picks up her phone during her meeting with her boss. The cell phone is considered as (the) _________ in the communication process.

noise

The three types of organizational design are:

open boundaries traditional horizontal

Min's company is implementing a new product approval system that is far more complex and restrictive than the old system. This will not affect Min directly because she is in the marketing department, but it will affect her friend Tyler, who is in the Research and Design department. As a result, Min speaks out against the new system. This is an example of resistance to change due to ______.

peer pressure

What is a common cause of employee resistance to change?

peer pressure

What are common reasons that employees resist change?

peer pressure loss of status or job security fear of the unknown

A company's overall ability to execute is a function of effectively executing according to three processes, but Bossidy and Charan believe that the _____ process is the most important.

people

According to Bossidy and Charan, the first core process of business is _____.

people

The rational model of decision-making is considered _____ in that it describes how managers should make decisions, rather than how they actually make them.

prescriptive

Strategic positioning attempts to achieve sustainable competitive advantage by:

preserving what is distinctive about a company

Even though not everyone in the meeting agreed with the final decision, the group decided to proceed and replace all existing machine parts in the warehouse. In this situation, the group had _____.

reached a consensus

Individuals who are asked to provide assessments of former employees are known as _____.

references

Within a SWOT analysis, the letter "S" represents a company's _____.

strengths

While it provides a more accurate assessment of an applicant's job-related personality characteristics, the ______ has been criticized as being overly subjective and more prone to interviewer bias. In addition, its format can cause legal trouble because some questions may be unrelated to the job.

unstructured interview

If employers use a test to try to predict future job performance, it is vital that the test have ______ to ensure that it actually measures performance related to the job and is free from bias.

validity

Carlos is doing a VRIO analysis for a product his company is thinking about producing. The first question he asks is, "Does this new capability allow us to minimize the threat of the main competitor gaining more market share?" He decides the answer to this question is "yes." Which aspect of the VRIO analysis does this question answer?

value

1. Victoria likes to work with others and enjoys social interactions with people at and outside of work. She likes to keep up with the latest trends, and she finds networking especially helpful for staying on top of new developments in the marketplace. 2. Frank likes to work in a fun atmosphere where there's a good amount of healthy competition between employees and where everyone is highly involved with the organization. 3. You work best when your tasks are highly structured. You also enjoy learning and want to continue to develop as a professional. 4.Jayden is very comfortable taking initiative and doesn't require a lot of direction on work projects. She is also goal-oriented and enjoys competition. 5. Aniyah has an entrepreneurial spirit and enjoys taking risks. She also believes in delivering work in an efficient and timely manner. 6. Brandon prefers the chance to perfect the job he's currently doing, rather than being pressured to constantly change the way he does things. He also works well under pressure and is driven by success.

1. Clan and Adhocracy 2. Clan and Market 3. Clan and Hierarchy 4. Market and Adhocracy 5. Adhocracy and Hierarchy 6. Market and Hierarchy

Applicant's for jobs in Rico's department have not had the qualifications and education he wants. 3 Sarai works on developing programs for a healthy lifestyle for the workers in her organization. 4 Myron believes that the work his employees do is more than just the sheer numbers—he also believes quality plays an important role in organizational success. 1 After a teambuilding retreat, Nelle is excited to learn if it had an impact on performance so she can let the training department know. 2

1. Evaluation 2. Feedback 3. Diagnosis 4. Intervention

Research has shown that an effective employee socialization program has which of the following effects?

Enhanced job satisfaction Improved employee performance Reduced turnover

Which example best describes the benefits of OD?

OD is used with employees dealing with stress that comes from revitalizing an organization or adapting to a merger.

Suppose a soft-drink company, Soda Pops, is conducting a force-field analysis to determine which forces could facilitate a proposed change (the introduction of a new black cherry soda) and which forces could act against it. Which of the following would Soda Pops consider a counterthruster?

Soda Pops has never been able to gain any significant market share outside of the Northwest.

What occurs as a result of the horizontal organizational design?

Teams are used to improve collaboration and work

True or false: According to Bossidy and Charan, execution is the central part of any company's strategy.

True

True or false: During the candidate selection process, human resource managers should try to predict how long a candidate will stay in the job.

True

chapter 7 assignment

chapter 7 assignment

Organizational development can be used to manage ______ within an organization.

conflict

Leonore's Luxury Leather Footwear Corp. conducted a SWOT analysis and determined that at least 57% of consumers would demand high-end footwear and their sales should increase by 18% in the next year. This vision of what could happen is known as a _____.

forecast

Carlos has written his mission, vision, and value statements. He has completed his organizational assessment. What is his next step?

formulate functional strategies

Salon Products recently introduced a new all-natural shampoo. Logan, director of new product development, has just reviewed the dismal results. As it appears that his team adequately researched the product's acceptance by consumers prior to its introduction, he is confused by the outcome. But to keep his team open to innovation, Logan should

foster an innovative culture and climate that permits experimentation, risk taking, and failure.

Which of the following is not a hindrance to perfectly rational decision making?

intuition

Without tiers or ranks of authority, a lone manager would have to confer with everyone in his or her domain,

making it difficult to get things done.

Within a SWOT analysis, an organizational threat will come from _____ the company.

outside

Making changes in response to problems or opportunities as they arise, rather than attempting to foresee them, is referred to as ______ change.

reactive

________ change is made in response to arising problems or opportunities. BP's response to an explosion on a drilling platform in the Gulf of Mexico is an example of this kind of change.

reactive

To ________, Lance, an HR manager, used reports from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics and the U.S. Census Bureau for information about his industry's labor pool in his geographic area.

recruit from outside the organization

As the human resource manager for her firm, Candace is responsible for identifying and attracting qualified applicants for available positions within the organization. This role is known as _____.

recruiting

The process of locating and attracting qualified applicants either outside or inside an organization for jobs open in the organization is called _____.

recruiting

What are the stages of the Lewin model for change?

refreezing Unfreezing Changing

Michael Porter defined _____ as an attempt to achieve sustainable competitive advantage by preserving what is distinct about a company.

strategic positioning

Edmond, the CEO of Hartman Manufacturing, said to his new vice president of accounting, "In the past I had resistance to new ideas by employees who felt that our plans threatened their influence or their jobs. So when you tell your collections department that we just hired a collection agency to handle bad debt, you may have to sell your collections manager and his supervisors on using the agency. You also have to emphasize the fact that nobody is going to be laid off." Selling middle and supervisory managers on changes to overcome their resistance is often a necessary part of

strategy implementation.

Before she began interviewing candidates for a sales position, Sonja prepared a written set of questions based on the job description and planned to ask each of the candidates the same questions in order to better compare their answers. Based on this information, it appears that Sonja was planning to conduct a(n) _____.

structured interview

Uber drivers' performance is currently rated by riders in their vehicles. This means that the performance appraisal they receive is primarily

subjective

During the interview, hiring manager Susan asked job applicants whatever questions popped into her head, with no systematic scoring procedure for their answers. This is an example of a(n) ______ interview.

unstructured

1. Aaron works for a computer company whose corporate culture is characterized by a formalized, structured work environment aimed at achieving effectiveness. Hierarchy Correct 2. Joseph works for a telecommunications company whose culture devotes considerable resources to hiring and developing employees. Clan Correct 3. Olivia works for an investment firm with a culture that focuses on productivity and profits over employee development and satisfaction. Market Correct 4. Miranda works for a new entrepreneurial company that is characterized as being creative, making innovative products, and being adaptable in the marketplace. Adhocracy Correct 5. Caprice works for a regional airline whose corporate culture encourages employees to collaborate and become involved to increase their job satisfaction. Clan Correct 6. Wallace works for an advertising agency whose corporate culture encourages employees to take risks and experiment with new ways of getting things done. Adhocracy Correct 7. Daveed works for a real estate company with a culture that values employees' ability to focus on the customer, react quickly, and deliver quality work on time. Market Correct 8. Leslie works for a pharmaceutical company with a corporate culture that institutes a variety of control mechanisms to measure efficiency, timeliness, and reliability in the creation and delivery of products. Hierarchy

1. Hierarchy 2. clan 3. market 4. adhocracy 5. clan 6. adhocracy 7. market 8. hierarchy

1. This type of appraisal focuses on results and is often numerical. (Click to select) Subjective performance appraisal 2. It is virtually impossible for employees to challenge this type of appraisal on legal grounds. 3. This appraisal may focus on employee attributes such as "leadership ability" or "positive attitude." 4. This type of appraisal is based on facts that managers keep track of. 5. The validity of this appraisal is questionable because managers' personal biases can influence ratings. 6. This appraisal may focus on specific, observable performance aspects such as conveying positive attitudes toward customers or staying late to finish projects. 7. This type of appraisal is extremely difficult to create and therefore, is almost never used in today's organizations. 8. In this type of appraisal, managers would track employee results such as number of cars sold in a quarter, total miles driven, or monthly sales totals. 9. This type of appraisal is less subject to being tainted by managers' personal biases. 10. One type of this appraisal is the behaviorally anchored rating scale (BARS), designed to assess specific behaviors. For example, a 5-point scale that ranges from 1 - "employee rarely takes any initiative" to 5 - "employee often solves problems independently without being told."

1. Objective performance appraisal 2. Does not describe either type of appraisal 3. Subjective performance appraisal 4. Objective performance appraisal 5. Subjective performance appraisal 6. Subjective performance appraisal 7. Does not describe either type of appraisal 8. Objective performance appraisal 9. Objective performance appraisal 10. Subjective performance appraisal

Which of the following are outcomes associated with various types of organizational culture? (select all that apply)

1. higher financial performance in market and hierarchy cultures 2. higher customer satisfaction in clan and market cultures 3. higher market share in clan and market cultures 4. more positive organizational outcomes in market cultures 5. more positive work attitudes in clan cultures

Organizational culture: (select all that apply)

1. significantly affects work outcomes at all levels of the organization 2. represents beliefs and values shared among workers 3. is the social glue that binds members of the organization together 4. helps employees understand why the organization does what it does 5. is passed on to new employees through socialization and mentoring

1. The R&D program at the company produces world-class products. 2. Our product is targeted to young professionals under 35 years of age. That group is growing. 3. The equipment the company owns is last generation and does not have the latest technology. 4. There have been several up and coming companies that are beginning to enter our market space. 5. Word is that a new highway is being built in the next couple of years, making it easier to transport our products from the factory. 6. The employees who work for us are highly skilled and leaders in their field. 7. Management does not provide a big budget to support the world-class staff that work for the company. 8. The company uses a fair amount of short-term debt financed through the bank. Economic projections indicate that interest rates may rise in the future and credit will be more difficult to obtain.

1. strengths 2. opportunities 3. weakness 4. Threats 5. opportunities 6. strengths 7. weakness 8. Threats

1. According to force-field analysis, Uber brought in Khosrowshahi to serve as which kind of force? 2. The overarching challenge for Khosrowshahi is that he has to manage ________ change as he cleans up some of the mess that Kalanick left behind (e.g., a toxic organizational culture) while also trying to push forward with ______ changes in anticipation of future challenges such as more governmental actions. 3. Although other ride-sharing services have experimented with driverless cars, Uber's introduction of driverless cars to its own fleet for the first time is an example of _________ change. 4. The idea of introducing flying cars to Uber's fleet primarily impacts which target element of change? 5. The introduction of Uber Beacon to help customers identify which car is picking them up is an example of a _______ innovation that falls under the category of _______ innovations.

1. thruster 2. reactive; proactive 3. innovative 4. methods 5. product; core

Jane is planning to implement the same work scheduling system in the accounting department that they use in the retail division. Which type of change is Jane going to use?

Adaptive change

Salaried executives, administrative, and professional employees are exempt from over time rules as outlined in the _____.

Fair Labor Standards Act

Which law established a minimum wage for workers, set limits for child labor, and established overtime pay?

Fair Labor Standards Act

True or false: Value orientation reflects the extent to which a person is unethical.

False

What are likely to cause resistance to change?

Fears about job security The potential for loss of status

People with a conceptual decision-making style are likely to do which of the following?

Find creative solutions Rely on intuition Take risks

Which of these describe how knowledge of decision-making styles affects managers' work?

It gives managers an understanding of how different people reach different conclusions. It allows managers to better identify personal strengths and weaknesses.

Knowledge of decision-making styles can assist managers in many ways except for which one of the following?

It increases the biases of the manager toward their favorite style.

Why is the feedback loop important?

It monitors progress so that corrective action can take place.

By 2035, artificial intelligence is expected to have what effect on labor productivity?

It will increase labor productivity by as much as 40%.

According to Bryan Barry, which of these are things a manager can do to keep a strategic plan on track? (select all that apply)

Keep moving Stay focused Keep it simple Engage people

Myra notices that one of her employees has been wasting time and resources by performing a task incorrectly. Which statement is the most effective form of feedback?

Let me show you a trick that will save you some time and effort.

Management in Action: W.L. Gore's Culture Promotes Employee Satisfaction, Innovation, and Retention​​

Management in Action: W.L. Gore's Culture Promotes Employee Satisfaction, Innovation, and Retention​​

Little Rascals Child Care Center has decided to change its hours from 6am to 6pm to 7am to 5pm beginning at the start of the next month. The owner, Wanda, feels that the change is needed because only a few families were coming in before 7am, and, therefore, it was not cost-effective to be open that early. In making her decision, was Wanda being sensitive to the families who brought their children to the center?

No, she did not consider how the people affected may feel about the change.

Due to recent budget shortfalls, Muna is being forced to lay off 50 employees at her firm. She plans to offer a severance package that may be small, but it is still something. Muna also wants to be sure to protect the reputation of the company so that future layoffs will not be required. How will she be able to protect the reputation of the company while laying off so many employees?

She should have the laid off employees sign a nondisparagement agreement.

Value orientation reflects the extent to which an individual focuses on which of the following dimensions?

Technical concerns or social concerns

A formal chain of command, the standardization of rules and procedures, and the use of cross-functional teams and computer networks so that there is frequent communication and coordination of the parts are the means for achieving

a common goal through integration.

A hierarchy of authority is ____. Most military organizations are known for having a strong hierarchy of authority.

a control mechanism for making sure the right people do the right things at the right time

When she applied for a job as a firefighter, Jill was administered a series of employment tests that measured her strength and stamina in activities such as climbing stairs, dragging weights, and carrying heavy equipment. Which of the following BEST describes the type of employment test Jill had to complete?

ability

Luke and Mia are selling their home. They listed their house three months ago at an extremely high selling price, a price they randomly chose. They do not want to reduce the price to reflect what the marketplace shows their home is really worth. Luke and Mia are participants in _____ bias.

anchoring and adjustment

This culture type is collaborative, encourages cohesion and job satisfaction through employee involvement. Which type is it?

clan

Employees and customers are treated like a family at State Street Coffee House. Jason and Jill, the owners, work to encourage unity to increase their employees' job satisfaction and commitment. At their coffee house, Jason and Jill have built a(n)

clan culture.

The process of negotiation between labor unions and management to resolve disputes concerning benefits, compensation, working conditions, and job security is known as ______.

collective bargaining

During the meeting, Alexandra picks up her phone indicating that she lacks direction, self-discipline, and is not interested in the discussion with her boss. This action would illustrate a low score on the personality trait of

conscientiousness

While Kirsten would have liked to ship all of the products at once, export fees limited her to shipping product out in small batches. Kirsten has fit her organization into the structure of the environment she uses for shipping. This is an example of _____ design.

contingency

Strategic _____ involves monitoring the execution of strategy and taking corrective action when necessary.

control

In the common elements of organizations, common purpose is realized through _______, which enables the work of individuals to combine in an organization-wide endeavor.

coordinated effort

Which two of Porter's competitive strategies are appropriate when addressing a narrow market? Choose all that apply.

cost-focus focused-differentiation

Computer maker Dell tries to have the lowest prices for its computers in order to attract a large consumer group. In Porter's four competitive strategies, this would be an example of the _____ strategy.

cost-leadership

Which of Porter's four competitive strategies is IKEA primarily embracing?

cost-leadership

A _____ is a choice made from available alternatives.

decision

If Volkswagen's current CEO, Herbert Diess, wants to focus on speed and results in cleaning up the scandal that has plagued the organization, he should utilize a(n) ___________ decision-making style.

directive

Jackson likes to hear the facts of a situation and make a quick decision based on these facts. His employees say he likes to focus on the here and now and doesn't consider future repercussions of his decisions. What type of decision-making style does Jackson use?

directive

People with the ______ style of decision making are action-oriented and like to focus on facts. They also tend to be autocratic-type managers.

directive

Inessa has worked as part of a four-person development team for several years. Recently, however, one of her coworkers transferred to a different office and a replacement was hired. Inessa and her other long-term teammates are having a hard time accepting the new employee. This is most likely due to ______.

disruption of the group relationship

Purchasing Aetna allows CVS to move into a new line of business. This is also known as

diversification

The strategy of moving into new lines of business is called _____.

diversification

Uber has created new product lines aimed at growing revenue, such as establishing Uber Air, which would function as an air taxi. This strategy is known as

diversification

What strategy is American Tile Corp. using when it acquires a company that makes industrial cleaning products which American Tile doesn't currently offer?

diversification

According to the competing values framework (CVF), organizational _____ varies along two dimensions

effectiveness

Ability, performance, and personality tests are the three most common types of ______ tests.

employment

______ means that anyone can be dismissed at any time for any reason at all, or for no reason.

employment at will

Dale, the owner of a local real estate agency, is even more committed to making the used copier, which he recently purchased, work even though it keeps jamming, and his employees have been telling him about other problems they have been having with the copier. The ______ affects Dale's decision making.

escalation of commitment bias

Ted's company has recently reorganized. He has been reassigned into a new role for which he feels unprepared, and he is not sure that he can handle his new responsibilities. Which of the following best describes the reason why Ted is resisting the change?

fear of failure

Bagley's decision tree is specifically designed for use when _____.

making ethical choices

With the community interested in eating healthy, Mary Catherine, a restaurant owner, is considering adding more gluten-free dishes to her menu. This decision is uncertain and risky, and she finally decides to go with her gut feelings. Mary Catherine is exhibiting

nonrational decision making.

Symbols in organizational culture represent

objects or actions that convey an organization's most important values to others.

Yuki was just hired as a financial analyst and will spend the next two weeks learning company policies, procedures, and culture with other new hires. This type of process is known as ______, or employee socialization.

onboarding

Environmental factors that an organization may exploit for competitive advantage are called organizational ______.

opportunities

The _____ bias occurs when people's positive feelings about their own decision-making ability is greater than their objective accuracy.

overconfidence

The continuous cycle of improving job performance through defining performance, monitoring and evaluating performance, reviewing performance, and providing consequences is known as _____.

performance management

The extent to which your personality and values match the climate and culture in an organization is referred to as _____.

person-organization fit

Some businesses have created open-area workspaces where employees sit at desks that are side-by-side and no walls are between them. This is to foster collaboration among the staff. What aspect of culture change does this represent?

physical design

The evacuation decision had ethical implications. Which of the following is not one of those ethical implications?

proper use of meteorological instruments

Shay is preparing to go into her meeting with her supervisor, Jill, to discuss her annual evaluation. She knows that there have been a few times this year where she could have performed better and she does not want to get angry in the meeting. Last night and on the ride in this morning, she rehearsed what she anticipated Jill would tell her and what her response would be. Shay was trying to

resist being defensive

Antwan was recently promoted to the position of shift supervisor at If The Shoe Fits, and he is now responsible for making decisions on numerous matters in the store and giving orders to the floor staff. At the same time, Antwan has the obligation to perform the many new tasks assigned to him as a supervisor, such as overseeing the closing work and the cleaning of the store. Antwan's obligations are known as his

responsibility

Which managers would be at Level 2: Business-Level Strategy?

retail unit managers

Refer to Figure 6.2. The "feedback loop" in the strategic-management process involves

revising actions if necessary.

If an organization wishes to change its culture, managers can alter the types of _____ and status symbols they give out and to whom they give them.

rewards

When Joe screens job applicants to ensure that he hires the most qualified candidate, he is performing the human resource function known as the ______ process.

selection

Mow and Trim, a sole proprietorship that uses contract labor, has all of its authority centralized in a single person (the owner), a flat hierarchy, few rules, and low work specialization. Mow and Trim is an organization with a

simple structure

An organization that has authority centralized in a single person, as well as a flat hierarchy, few rules, and low work specialization, is using a _____.

simple structures

"Be all you can be is an example" of a(n)

slogan or saying.

Based on the BCG matrix, IKEA would most likely be labeled a

star

Uber's high growth rate and high market share in the United States would categorize it as a ________ on the BCG matrix.

star

If a decision doesn't turn out as well as you'd hoped,

start by forgiving yourself.

In which step of the strategic-management process does an organization establish the mission and vision statements?

step one

Developing a systematic, comprehensive strategy for understanding current employee needs and predicting future employee needs is referred to as ____ human resource planning.

strategic

When other companies cannot duplicate the value provided by a competitor, then the competitor has established a(n) _____ competitive advantage.

sustainable

In terms of organizational culture, a _______ is an artifact, act, quality, or event that conveys an organization's most important values to others.

symbol

According to Chester I. Barnard's classic definition, an organization is a

system of consciously coordinated activities or forces of two or more people.

True or false: CEOs are at a higher risk of being fired for ethical violations than ever before because the public has become less forgiving of unethical behavior.

true

Human resource mangers use the term_______ to describe a situation in which an employee leaves and is replaced through internal or external hiring.

turnover

Assume the union Freeman works with pays newer employees less than ones who have been with the organization for a longer time. What can be the basis for this?

two-tier contract

1. Increases employee loyalty, effort, and morale because employees feel like hard work will earn them opportunities if they stick around 2. Higher chances of getting applicants with specialized experience and knowledge 3. The process of recruiting candidates takes longer and costs more money 4. Process is less costly because fewer resources are put into interviewing, advertising a job, etc. 5. The pool of potentially fresh talent and viewpoints is limited, and competition is restricted. 6. More likely to get applicants with fresh insights 7. Higher risk overall because candidates are not well known inside the organization 8. Could make employees think that promotions result from how long they've been with the company 9. Risk is decreased because candidates are known to others in the company and are already familiar with the organization. 10. Automatically creates a vacancy somewhere else in the organization

1. Advantage of internal recruiting 2. Advantage of external recruiting 3. Disadvantage of external recruiting 4. Advantage of internal recruiting 5. Disadvantage of internal recruiting 6. Advantage of external recruiting 7. Disadvantage of external recruiting 8. Disadvantage of internal recruiting 9. Advantage of internal recruiting 10. Disadvantage of internal recruiting

1. Hospitals use A.I. to monitor patients and predict the risk of death two days earlier than ever before possible. 2. A.I. sensors can alert drivers to potential hazards and accidents. 3. It is difficult to program machine learning systems to act in ways that are desired and predictable. 4. The potential to aid in human decision making 5. A.I. is devoid of common sense. 6. There is the potential for A.I. to be put to malicious use. 7. Machines guided by A.I. are faster and more powerful than humans when building and evaluating models and simulations to make predictions.

1. Application of A.I. 2. Application of A.I. 3. Downside of A.I. 4. Application of A.I. 5. Downside of A.I. 6. Downside of A.I. 7. Application of A.I.

1. What business are we in? 2. What amount should we invest in employee development? 3. What products and services shall we offer? 4. What's the best way to integrate our department's latest innovation with older versions of the product? 5. How should our division market our new program? 6. What sum will we allocate toward facilities expansion? 7. Which joint ventures and/or acquisitions should we pursue? 8. How much should we set aside for new product development? 9. How should we structure compensation for those working on our team's new initiative?

1. Corporate-level strategy 2. Business-level strategy 3. Corporate-level strategy 4. Functional-level strategy 5. Functional-level strategy 6. Business-level strategy 7. Corporate-level strategy 8. Business-level strategy 9. Functional-level strategy

1. Bill and Vance need to develop a one- to five-year strategy that communicates Enjuba's general goals as well as how the goals will be achieved. 2. Bill and Vance complete an assessment of the market. 3. Bill and Vance must consistently review the market offering against their original plan to ensure that their product is unique and being produced and marketed effectively. 4. Bill and Vance intend to put their plan into place and implement it by overcoming any market resistance. 5. "Enjuba exists to better represent the quality and handiwork of the African people through fair trade that benefits the producers, customers, and society at large."

1. Formulate corporate, business, and functional strategies 2. Assess the current reality 3. Maintain strategic control 4. Execute the strategies 5. Establish the mission, vision, and values statements

You immediately resist an organizational change because you have a deep fear of change. 5 Your boss suddenly and without warning announces her resignation and replacement. 3 Your manager ensures you the change won't alter your salary, but you worry he'll only look out for himself. 6 New procedures are vastly different from old ones, and you aren't sure you can learn them. 10 You worry that recent technology changes may eliminate the need for your managerial position. 2 Your work colleague is upset about a change to the department, therefore you resist the change, too. 1 Five close members of a department are reassigned and are no longer part of the same work group. 9 A notoriously unlikeable manager delivers the news of a change. 8 The organization implements massive structural changes with no explanation. 4 All employees now must work two extra hours per week with no additional pay. 7

1. Peer pressure 2. Loss of status or job security 3. Surprise and fear of the unknown 4. Lack of tact or poor timing 5. Individuals' predisposition toward change 6. Climate of mistrust 7. Nonreinforcing reward systems 8. Personality conflicts 9. Disruption of cultural traditions or group relationships 10. Fear of failure

1. Fair Minimum Wage Act 2. Family and Medical Leave Act 3. Sarbanes-Oxley Act 4. COBRA 5. ADEA 6. OSHA 7. Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act 8. Equal Pay Act

1. Russell distributes fliers and coupons for a local restaurant. Although the minimum wage is $7.25 per hour, Russell's boss only pays him $5.75 per hour. 2. LaTonya's father has been diagnosed with a terminal disease. She asks her employer for 12 weeks of unpaid leave to care for her father. 3. Roman is fired from his job because he informed the Securities and Exchange Commission of possible fraud committed by his company's executives. 4. Walton's company will not allow him to receive an extension of health insurance benefits after his termination. 5. Sal has been an employee of a large company for over 10 years and recently celebrated his 60th birthday. His boss tells him that he is not going to be interviewed for a promotion because he doesn't have enough "good years" left in him to warrant the investment in training. 6. When Antoinette's office was being refurbished, it was discovered that the floor tiles contained asbestos, a carcinogenic fiber substance. The company had to call in a hazmat contractor to get rid of it and Antoinette couldn't get back in to her office for weeks. 7. Tabitha is the head of a large software company. She refuses to provide health insurance benefits to her employees. 8. Marie and her brother work in construction and perform similar jobs. Her brother makes $25 an hour, while Marie makes $20 an hour.

1. An e-book company tracks users' activity and uses this to inform publishers of the types of content readers are likely to purchase. 2. Lowe's uses the data it collects from customers' MyLowe's accounts in order to better target advertising and sales campaigns to specific customers. 3. A large metropolitan area uses transportation data to determine where new subway routes are needed in order to relieve commuter congestion. 4. Organizations use application and hiring data to detect patterns of disparate impact and correct inadvertently discriminatory elements in their selection instruments. 5. Patients complete online health profiles that inform massive health databases. This information is analyzed for patterns that help better predict disease.

1. Tracking Movie, Music, TV, and Reading Data 2. Analyzing Consumer Behavior and Spurring Sales 3. Aiding Public Policy 4. Improving Hiring and Human Resource Management 5. Advancing Health and Medicine

Identify the items that are included in negotiations between management and employees while they are engaged in collective bargaining.

Employee compensation Working conditions Employee benefits Job security

What is achieved by integration of innovation activities into business strategies?

Employees feel committed to innovation in the organization. Management is encouraged to dedicate resources to innovation.

Tonya sees her company eliminating jobs in order to reduce costs, but the CEO was recently given a bonus of several million dollars. The likely cause of her resistance to the current organizational change is ______.

a climate of mistrust

Insurance, retirement plans, health club memberships, and education reimbursement are just a few examples of compensation in the form of _____.

benefits

Michelle met with her five employees around a table and asked each of them to take five minutes to write down what they personally thought their new facility should include. She then collected the information and wrote it on the white board for all of them to view and decide upon. Michelle is using the _____ technique.

brainstorming

CVS' purchase of Aetna is a ________ level strategy.

corporate

Which level of strategic management focuses on the organization as a whole?

corporate-level

Formal statements can help to change an organization's culture by

embedding the culture in various organizational materials such as the mission, vision, and values statements.

California regulators tested Volkswagen cars and continually found them to pollute more on the road than in the lab. Volkswagen was informed about these irregularities at the time and executives concluded that they were the result of "technical glitches." Which decision-making heuristic can this be attributed to?

overconfidence bias

You fall prey to the overconfidence bias when you ______ your knowledge or expertise in a decision situation.

overestimate

Of the three core processes of business identified by Bossidy and Charan, which do they believe is the most important?

people

One way Chip's Coffee House retains staff is by offering two-weeks paid vacation and health insurance benefits for part-time employees. Which of Bossidy and Charan's core processes is this business focusing on?

people

What are the three core processes of business identified by Bossidy and Charan?

people strategy operations

Kevin continuously helps his employees improve their work through the reviewing their performance and providing consequences. These are two steps of _____ management.

performance

A _____ consists of assessing an employee's performance and providing him or her with appropriate feedback.

performance appraisal

Carson always feels like he is "putting out fires" at work and does not get an opportunity to figure out where problems might arise before they occur. Carson is dealing with ______ change.

reactive

Uber has worked to improve and safeguard its driver performance appraisal rating system, yet it still lacks some of the basic components of traditional employee performance management systems. Based on the case, which of the following is not part of Uber's performance appraisal system for drivers?

rewards

Some of the strongest ways to embed organizational culture include which two of the following?

rewards status symbols

_____ are subject to validity problems due to evaluator bias.

Trait appraisals

In a staff meeting, Mark is employing Dr. De Bono's Six Thinking Hats. Doug expresses all the positives about being open on Thanksgiving. Rashmi presents the data from the last three years on sales from that day. Rafael explains why staying open late on Thanksgiving will not be in the employees or client's best interests. Sophie explores using the Internet only and not having the brick and mortar stores open. Which color hat would Rafael wear?

black

chapter 7 quiz

chapter 7 quiz

Sexual harassment can prevent people from performing their best due to making them feel uncomfortable or unsafe in their workplace. This means that the type of harassment alleged to be taking place against some Uber employees could negatively impact those employees'

human capital

Fresh and Clean, Inc. is considering implementing a system that will pay its cleaning workers based on the number of completed residential jobs, coupled with satisfactory ratings on random inspections to ensure quality. This system is new to the organization, and it is an example of __________ change.

innovative

1. Avoid establishing a formal complaint procedure for charges of sexual harassment. 2. Prohibit the display of provocative pictures in the workplace. 3. Have an effective sexual harassment policy and communicate it to all current and new employees. 4. Laugh at others' sex-based joking at work, as long as you are not making the jokes yourself. 5. Tolerate managers offering sexual favors in exchange for promotions. 6. Discipline all offenders immediately - before claims have been substantiated. 7. Avoid making obscene gestures or remarks of a sexual nature. 8. Train supervisors in Title VII requirements including procedures to follow when charges occur.

1. Does not Helps in preventing sexual harassment 2. Helps to prevent sexual harassment 3. Helps to prevent sexual harassment 4. Does not Helps in preventing sexual harassment 5. Does not Helps in preventing sexual harassment 6. Does not Helps in preventing sexual harassment 7. Helps to prevent sexual harassment 8. Helps to prevent sexual harassment

An organization comprised of many levels with narrow spans of managerial control is described as _____.

tall

Managers can reduce mistrust and resistance to change by ______.

being open and honest about changes

Former CEO Kalanick routinely allowing drivers to begin work illegally when Uber expanded overseas represents what type of reaction to a decision situation?

relaxed avoidance

Organizations can use _____, activities that celebrate important events or achievements for the organization, to change the organization's culture.

rites and ritual

Which of the following represent learning-related tools that can be leveraged to change an organization's culture?

role modeling coaching training

Contingency planning is also known as

scenario planning and scenario analysis.

Peter evaluates his sales staff based upon sales volume and gross margin on each sale. This BEST describes _____.

an objective appraisal

Companies pursuing a cost-leadership strategy keep costs/prices _____ those of competitors and target a _____ market.

below wide

What four characteristics are being addressed in a VRIO analysis?

rarity organization imitability value

According to psychologist Daniel Kahneman, System 1 thinking is _____.

intuitive and largely unconscious

The police chief mentions that unionized emergency personnel had already been deployed, so pulling them back would not be worth it. What type of decision-making bias does this represent?

sunk-cost

All of the following are advantages to group decision making EXCEPT _____.

superiors can dominate or intimidate the group

Increasing segmentation of the marketplace and the need to get products to market faster in light of competitors' specialized solutions are examples of ______ currently influencing the future of business.

supertrends

An online retailer uses complex data-mining software to evaluate the preferences and buying habits of its customers and makes decisions based on these findings. This is an example of the use of ______ in the decision-making process.

analytics

Party Supply uses time-series forecasts, such as past holiday sales and the strength of store sales this year, to predict future sales based on patterns of historical data. Party Supply is using

analytics

Imagine you are part of Uber's senior leadership team and are eager to see the company expand to a particular country. If you were to only pull data from sources you believed would support your feeling that demand in the country is high, you would be exhibiting the ________ bias.

confirmation

Refusing to hire or promote an individual or making other employment decisions based upon factors such as ethnicity, religion, or gender is referred to as workplace

discrimination

The action by which workers vote on whether to accept or reject the terms of the contract negotiated by the union after collective bargaining is called_______.

ratification

1. At the beginning of the video, Priya ends her presentation by asking her colleagues to imagine "a world where you never have to wait in line for your groceries again!" What stage of Lewin's Change Model is Priya exhibiting? 2. Harry grants permission for Priya to start automated sales at one of Bergman's locations. What stage of Lewin's Change Model is Harry exhibiting? 3. Aiden tells Harry that, "The heart of Bergman's would still be intact. All Priya is proposing here really is taking the idea of Self Checkout a couple steps further ..." Based on this statement, Aiden most likely believes automation represents ______ change. 4. The need for change to automated sales at Bergman's most likely arises from a(n) ______ force. 5. Aiden and Priya believe that automation is necessary so Bergman's can be ______, not ______.

1. unfreezing 2. changing 3. innovative 4. outside 5. proactive; reactive

South Beach Insurance is about to begin using a program that will change the way its adjusters settle insurance claims. Adjusters will be able to complete an adjustment and issue a check right at the scene of the accident. Although employees are uncertain that the new system will work, other insurance agencies have been successful with this approach. At South Beach Insurance, the new program represents ________ change.

innovative

When a company is readily able to switch to another company in order to get the raw materials it needs to make products, Porter would say that the bargaining power of ______ goes down.

suppliers

In the large city where Cassandra lives, many people are asking for her restaurant to deliver food to their offices. Her restaurant has never delivered food before but since so many people have requested this service Cassandra decides it's a good idea to do it. In a VRIO analysis, Cassandra has determined the ____ of this capability.

value

Helping a new employee to learn the ropes of the organization and fit easily into the new job is known as ______.

orientation

When Keisha started her new job, she went through ______ to help her transition and fit smoothly into the job and organization. The company is small so this process consisted primarily of employees welcoming her, "showing her the ropes," and inviting her to the annual picnic that was coming up soon.

orientation

The skills and capabilities that give an organization special competencies and competitive advantages in executing strategies in pursuit of its mission are called organizational ______.

strengths

Chris and his family have developed a successful business selling a liquid spray fertilizer to farmers. The fertilizer consists of rich, organic, composted material. Recently, Organic Seed, a national seed company, has been marketing a powdered chemical fertilizer to its customers; Organic's fertilizer is less expensive than Chris' product. Organic's efforts are an example of the ___ in Porter's model for industry analysis.

rivalry among competitors

A company takes the strategic decision to make large investments in research designed to fuel long-term innovation. 7 A group of senior executives discusses what they will all need in order to be on board with supporting innovation in their divisions. 1 Management starts to actively encourage employees to take bigger risks in their jobs. 5 A multimedia company shifts to a more organic structure in order to encourage interactions among a variety of employees that it hopes will lead to innovative ideas. 4 A biomedical research company hires a group of scientists who were trained to examine diseases from a radical new perspective. 2 A tech company wants to encourage innovation, so it changes its performance management system so that new ideas, rather than immediate results, are rewarded. 3 A restaurant wants its chefs to be more innovative with food so the owner sends them to a week-long class on food pairing and international cuisines. 6

1. Commitment from senior leaders 2. Develop the necessary human capital 3. Human resource policies, practices, and procedures 4. Required structure and processes 5. Foster an innovative culture and climate 6. Appropriate resources 7. Create an innovation strategy

1. Luxury fashion brand Coach, Inc. acquired Kate Spade New York—another luxury fashion and lifestyle brand—in 2017. 2. Fast fashion retail giant, Zara is able to get designs from the catwalk to the retail store at incredible speeds. Zara can do this because it has acquired most of its supply chain, including designers, manufacturers, and distributors. 3. Clorox Company, best known for bleach and cleaning products, purchased Burt's Bees, best known for its natural beauty and personal care products, in 2007. 4. In 2018, Novartis, a Swiss multinational pharmaceutical company, acquired Avexis, a clinical-stage gene therapy company. 5. In the 1930s, Mars Incorporated (maker of Snickers and other popular candies) purchased Chappell Brothers canned dog food company. Much of Mars' business today comes from pet food brands such as Whiskas and Pedigree. In 2017, Mars acquired VCA, a company that owns hundreds of dog day care facilities and animal hospitals, to add to its Mars Petcare portfolio. 6. In 2018, Boeing aerospace company announced its plans to buy KLX, a company that distributes aerospace fasteners and consumables.

1. Related diversification 2.Vertical integration 3. Unrelated diversification 4. Related diversification 5. Unrelated diversification 6. Vertical integration

1. May provide a more accurate assessment of an applicant's job-related personality traits than other types of interviews (Click to select) 2. Should be avoided in favor of other types of interviews 3. Asks candidates questions that focus on hypothetical situations 4. Each applicant's conversation with the interviewer is different; can feel more like an ordinary, informal conversation than a job interview 5. Attempts to learn how employees have dealt with workplace situations in the past 6. Has been found to be poor for employee morale once an applicant who has been through this type of interview accepts the job 7. Might become overly subjective and interviewers' biases are likely to influence their perceptions of candidates' responses. 8. An example question would be "How would you respond if two employees came to you asking for a raise, and you knew you could only give a raise to one of them?" 9. An example question would be "Tell me about a time that you had to say 'no' to an employee's request in the past. How did you handle it, and what would you do differently if you could go back in time?" 10. Attempts to figure out how applicants would respond if they were to encounter a given situation on the job 11. Asks candidates questions that focus on things they have done in previous jobs 12. Vulnerable to legal action from candidates because questions can easily veer into non-job-related territory such as disability, family status, or diversity

1. Unstructured interview 2. Does not apply 3. Situational interview 4. Unstructured interview 5. Behavioral-description interview 6. Does not apply 7. Unstructured interview 8. Situational interview 9. Behavioral-description interview 10. Situational interview 11. Behavioral-description interview 12. Unstructured interview