MGMT 2103; Modules 1-4
Select the components that influence overall attitudes.
affective, behavioral, cognitive
Narcissism, psychopathy, and Machiavellianism are _____.
all considered undesirable because they negatively affect outcomes
Executive Order 11246 applies to discrimination among federal contractors receiving more than:
$10,000
What is the relationship between withdraw conditions and job satisfaction?
(decrease): an individual's overall thoughts and feelings about quitting
Physical Ability Tests
are relevant for predicting job performance, occupational injuries and disabilities.
Explain the importance of reliability and validity in choosing and using selection devices.
Both reliability and validity are important in choosing and using selection devices because of the two determining the overall accuracy of the data provided by the performance measurements. Selection methods become essentially useless with an erratic and inconsistent degree of error from testing and even more so if multiple variables are tested at once while only one matters toward performance evaluations.
Which statement about the relationship between job satisfaction and job performance is true?
Both variables indirectly influence each other.
What term is used to describe a situation in which a person's behavior in the workplace creates circumstances that make it difficult for someone of a particular sex to do his or her work?
Hostile working environment
Name the different selection devices available to organizations.
Interviews, References, Biographical Data, Application Blanks, Physical Ability Tests, Cognitive Ability Tests, Personality Inventories, Work Samples, Honesty Tests, Drug tests
prohibitions of The Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1973
The main provision of OSHA states that each employer has a general duty to furnish each employee a place of employment free from recognized hazards that cause or are likely to cause death or serious physical harm (general duty clause)
How have many companies responded to social pressure for gender equity in pay?
by analyzing and comparing job duties and pay
Equal employment opportunity in the US is regulated by ______ of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.
Title VII
When does cognitive dissonance occur?
When a person holds two or more conflicting ideas, beliefs, values, or emotions
Select all the feelings related to employee engagement.
a) Focus b) Enthusiasm c) Urgency d) Intensity
Select characteristics related to organizational citizenship behaviors.
a) They are voluntary. b) They promote the firm's productivity.
Which emotions are considered goal incongruent?
a) jealousy b) guilt c) anxiety
Which statements refer to the legality of employee selection methods?
a) the methods should follow existing laws b) the methods should conform to existing legal precedents
When an interviewer asks job candidates about the biggest challenge they have faced in motivating employees, the interviewer is asking which of the following?
an experience-based question
employee engagement
an individual's involvement, satisfaction, and enthusiasm for work
Which shape on a graph best represents the relationship between increasing emotional stability and outcomes?
an inverted-U
Ajzen and Fishbein consider intentions as the key link between ______ and planned _____.
attitudes; behavior
Emotional intelligence has been shown to ______.
be associated with increased well-being and satisfaction
A person's intelligence:
can be increased
People with high emotional stability
carry out more organizational citizenship behaviors
Schwartz's second bipolar dimension ranges from self-directed independence or openness to _______ to __________. (Enter one word in each blank.)
change; conformity
Individuals committed to an organization tend to display a _____.
continuation of employment with the firm
A broad personality trait comprised of four narrower and positive individual traits as components is called:
core self-evaluations
The degree of relatedness between two sets of numbers is known as the ______.
correlation coefficient
Behavior that harms other employees, the organization as whole or organizational stakeholders such as customer and shareholder is called ___________ work behavior.
counterproductive
When people express themselves physically, cognitively, and emotionally during a role performance. they are demonstrating _________ __________.
employee engagement
A manager who makes sure to treat employees in a manner that they perceive as fair is exhibiting which model of job satisfaction?
equity
The emotion of fear is usually
forward-looking
Reviewing annual EEO-1 reports from organizations allows the EEOC to:
identify patterns of hiring discrimination
Ajzen and Fishbein consider _________ as the key link between attitudes and planned behavior.
intention
The two forms of locus of control are:
internal and external
People who believe they control the events and consequences that affect their lives are said to possess a(n):
internal locus of control
Viewing personality in terms of liking and fit
is not an effective perspective for management
Define reliability
is the degree to which a measure of physical or cognitive abilities or traits is free from random error.
Define validity
is the extent to which a measure assesses all and only the relevant aspects of a construct.
A relatively stable personality characteristic that describes how much personal responsibility you take for your behavior and its consequences is:
locus of control
People with proactive personalities:
make efforts to change and improve things around them
A _______ concept of personality enables you to more precisely describe individuals.
narrow
Individual behavior that is discretionary and not part of a formal reward system and promotes the effective performance of the firm is called ___________ ____________ behavior.
organizational citizenship
An employee who always arrives early, volunteers to train new hires, and offers constructive statements or suggestions for improvement exhibits which of the following?
organizational citizenship behaviors
If an employee values achievement and an employer rewards people for accomplishing goals, the employee is more likely to experience:
organizational commitment
The extent to which an individual identifies with an organization and commits to its goals is:
organizational commitment
In the discrimination case Dukes v. Walmart, lawyers for the plaintiff demonstrated that the ratio of women to men in the company's managerial group was much lower than what it was for their top 20 competitors. This statistic was part of a class-action ________ lawsuit.
pattern and practice
In addition to covering people with physical and mental impairments, the ADA also protects which of the following groups?
people who have a history of a disability
The extent to which employees believe their organization values their contributions and genuinely cares about their well-being is:
perceived organizational support
When one set of numbers in a measurement goes up as another set of numbers goes down, the two sets of numbers exist in a ______.
perfect negative relationship
The ability to solve everyday problems by utilizing knowledge gained from experience in order to purposefully adapt to, shape, and select environments is called:
practical intelligence
Extroversion has been found to:
predict job performance better than agreeableness
The process of establishing an empirical relationship between pre-hire test scores and post-hire job performance is known as:
predictive validation
When you motivate an employee, you are taking part in which type of process?
psychological
What 3 organizational selection devices gather background information on candidates?
references, biographical data, applications
organizational commitment
reflects the extent to which an employee identifies with an organization and is committed to its goals
Studies show that met expectations are strongly correlated with feelings of job ___________.
satisfaction
The positive outcomes of job __________ include motivation and job involvement.
satisfaction
Personality testing at the workplace
should be scientifically proven to work for its intended use.
Questions that pertain to specific situations that are likely to arise in the course of the job are asked as part of a(n) _____ interview.
situational
The dimensions of emotional intelligence that form social competence are
social awareness and relationship management
Personality tests are not a valid predictor of performance because ______.
test-takers do not describe themselves accurately
Describe criterion related validity
evaluates how accurately a test measures the outcome it was designed to measure
Which statement about the prevalence of introversion is true?
everyone has some amount of introversion
Reference letters are unreliable predictors of job success primarily because most of them are:
excessively positive
Situational interview items have:
high predictive validity
Define Biographical Data
Biographical Data: the evidence on the utility of biographical information collected directly from job applicants is more positive. The low cost of collecting the information increases utility.
What is the relationship between job performance and job satisfaction?
(increase): job satisfaction and job performance are moderately related, and the relationship is complex. Both variables indirectly influence each other; Incomplete measure of individual-level performance understate the relationship between the variables; More accurate to consider the variables on a business unit level
Describe the concept of cognitive dissonance and how it can be reduced.
- psychological discomfort experienced when simultaneously holding two or more conflicting cognitions (ideas, values, or emotions) - changing attitude, behavior or both; belittling the importance of the inconsistent behavior
List the main causes of job satisfaction.
-Need Fulfillment -Meets Expectation -Value Attainment -Equity -Disposition/Genetic Components
Select the Big Five Personality Dimensions.
1) agreeableness 2) emotional stability 3) extroversion 4) openness to experience 5) conscientiousness
What is the relationship between turnover and job satisfaction?
(decrease): can be positive if poor performers are leaving and negative if good employees leave
Over the past seven decades, intelligence levels in developed countries have
risen significantly
Which law gave all citizens the right to sue in federal court over alleged civil rights violations?
the Civil Rights Act of 1871
Cognitive Ability Test
Abilities involving thinking, perception, memory, reasoning, verbal ability, mathematical ability, and expression of ideas.
References
Allow verification of information obtained through other sources.
Interview
a dialogue initiated by one or more persons to gather information and evaluate the applicant's qualifications for employment.
Though Congress is motivated by a variety of factors, most of the laws it passes are a response to:
a perceived societal need
When an employee enjoys the work being done and has a positive attitude, which of the following will be true?
a) The employee will be more open to taking on greater burdens. b) The employee will be more agreeable to working harder.
True or false: Values and attitudes are usually in agreement.
true
One type of cognitive ability test measures an individual's ______, which is the person's capacity to understand and use written and spoken language.
verbal comprehension
Evidence concerning the reliability and validity of reference checks indicates that they are _____ predictors of future performance and success on the job.
weak
The relationship between job satisfaction and organizational financial performance is ______ the relationship between job satisfaction and individual productivity.
weaker than
Under which circumstances is it important for a company to use interviewers who are good at assessing a job candidate's growth potential and ability to fit in with the established corporate culture?
when the company hires candidates with little or no experience
In order to predict future job performance by simulating a job through things like hypothetical case studies and role play, applicants are sometimes asked to take _____ tests.
work sample
What is the relationship between motivation and job satisfaction?
(increase): psychological process that arouses interest in doing something, and it directs and guides behavior
job satisfaction
a positive feeling about one's job resulting from an evaluation of its characteristics
Businesses with more than $50,000 in contracts with the federal government are required to do which of the following? (Select all that apply.)
a) keep a written affirmative action plan on file b) not discriminate in employee hiring
Select the components of core self-evaluations.
a) locus of control b) emotional stability c) generalized self- efficacy d) self esteem
Which of the following were amended as a result of the Civil Rights Act of 1991? (Select all that apply.)
a) the Civil Rights Act of 1964 b) the Age Discrimination in Employment Act c) the Americans with Disabilities Act
Which of the following laws were passed as a result of a perceived societal need?
a) the Employee Retirement Income Security Act b) the Occupational Safety and Health Act c) the Age Discrimination in Employment Act
What are two social trends in the United States that have affected the need for drug-use tests among employees?
a) the legal status of marijuana use has changed in many states even though it remains illegal under federal law for many occupations b) the number of overdose cases involving opiods and other drugs in the workplace has been increasing
The National Labor Relations Board hears disputes between which of the following parties?
a) unions b) management
Define affirmative action and explain its purpose.
a) was conceived as a way of taking extra effort to attract and retain minority employees b) A way of correcting historical imbalances
What is the relationship between job involvement and job satisfaction?
(increase): the extent to which an individual is personally involved with his or her work role
Define the concept of values.
Abstract ideals that guide one's thinking and behavior across all situations (are relatively stable)
Define intelligence
An individual's capacity for: Constructive thinking, Reasoning, Problem solving
Define Cognitive Ability Tests
Cognitive Ability Tests: tests that include three dimensions: verbal comprehension, quantitative ability, and reasoning ability. i. Highly reliable commercial tests measuring these kinds of abilities are widely available, and they are generally valid predictors of job performance. ii. The validity of the tests is related to the complexity of the job.
Define Personality Traits
Combination of stable physical, behavioral, and mental characteristics that give individuals their unique identities Product of interacting genetic and environmental influences
True or false: You must be born with self-efficacy.
False
Describe content validity
The degree of overlap between what is taught (or what should be taught) and what is tested
perceived organizational support
The degree to which employees believe that the organization values their contributions and cares about their well-being
Describe how the situation (structured vs. unstructured) impacts the extent to which personality influences performance.
a) Structured: Very structured, strict rules, task demands limit behavior, tight standards, clear expectations b) Unstructured: Loose, few rules or expectations, uncertainty, low structure
Which of the following are classes of physical ability tests?
a) cardiovascular endurance b) coordination c) muscular endurance
Select ways to reduce cognitive dissonance.
a) change your attitude or behavior b) find consonant elements that outweigh the dissonant ones c) belittle the importance of the inconsistent behavior
List and define the Big 5 personality dimensions.
a) extraversion: Sociable, Assertive, Talkative, Expressive b) agreeableness: Courteous, Trusting, Tolerant, Cooperative c) conscientiousness: Dependable, Organized, Achievement Oriented, hard-working d) neuroticism/emotional stability (sometimes referred to as adjustment) e) openness to experience: Curious, Imaginative, Broad-Minded
Which of the following are among the five major dimensions measured in a personality inventory?
a) extroversion b) agreeableness c) adjustment
Match the personality dimension to its description.
a) extroversion: outgoing, talkative, social, assertive b) agreeableness: trusting, good-natured, cooperative, softhearted c) conscientiousness: dependable, responsible, achievement oriented, persistent d) emotional stability: relaxed, secure, unworried e) openness: intellectual, imaginative, curious, broad-minded
Which of the following groups of applicants can be adversely affected by physical ability tests?
a) female applicants b) applicants with disabilities
Which of the following statements are true about the practice of illegal discrimination in employee selection methods?
a) illegal discrimination can lead to costly litigation b) can damage a company's social reputation c) is associated with expensive legal settlements and awards
Which of the following are benefits of high emotional intelligence? (Check all that apply.)
a) increased creativity b) ability to apply positive emotions to work c) greater level of teamwork
Which of the following are true of personality?
a) it combines characteristics that give people unique identities b) it results from the interaction of genes and the environment c) it is relatively stable across situations
Which of the following are true of self-efficacy?
a) it involves a person's beliefs about personal success. b) it can be increased. c) it tends to manifest itself in actual performance.
Which of the following are benefits of using video-based role-play over traditional paper-and-pencil methods?
a) it is more engaging for applicants b) it has higher levels of predictive validity
The positive outcomes of job satisfaction include:
a) job involvement b) motivation
Displayed emotions
a) may differ from felt emotions. b) can affect other people's reactions. c) convey messages to nearby people.
Which of the following are true concerning the search for employees with the right personality type?
a) one personality does not fit all jobs b) employers should try to find a fit for an employee's personality c) there is no ideal personality profile
Beliefs you have that concern something specific, such as a specific person, are known as personal
attitudes
In Schwartz's value theory, values are organized into two ________-
bipolar dimensions
Individual differences are determined by:
both genetics and environment
A force that binds an individual to a course of action of relevance to one or more targets is:
commitment
OB researchers define __________ as "a force that binds an individual to a course of action of relevance to one or more targets."
commitment
Organizational ___________ exists to the degree that an employee's personal values match the values present in a firms culture.
commitment
The process known as ______ validation involves testing individuals presently performing a job and then attempting to establish a correlation between those test scores and existing measures of job performance.
concurrent
Which personality trait has the strongest and most positive effect on performance?
conscientiousness
When there is a substantial correlation between test scores and job performance scores, then _______ validity can be established.
criterion-related
What are the branches of government that were established by the US Constitution?
executive, legislative, judicial
Interview questions that pertain to hypothetical situations that a job candidate might face if hired are considered:
future-oriented
The essence of employee engagement is that employees:
give their all
Which of the following best describes equal employment opportunity?
governmental action that seeks to provide the same chance for employment to all individuals
Our values are influenced by the values of our _________ and by the ________ we have as children. (Enter one word in each blank.)
parents; experiences
The combination of stable physical, behavioral and mental characteristics that give individuals their unique identities is called:
personality
Organizations use a process known as _____ to decide which applicants will or will not be allowed into the organization.
personnel selection
People who have a ________ attitude about work will be more open to working longer hours.
positive
When a work environment generally matches an employee's values, the which of the following are at their greatest?
positive employee attitudes and employee motivation
prohibitions of The Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967
prohibits applicants and employees 40 years and older from discrimination on the basis of age in hiring, promotion, discharge, compensation, terms/conditions, privileges of employment
prohibitions of The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990
protects individuals with disabilities from being discriminated against in the workplace
Define the concept of employment-at-will and explain how it is relevant to both employers and employees.
provisions state that either party in the employment relationship can terminate that relationship at any time, regardless of cause
Cognitive dissonance is a representation of:
psychological discomfort
The measurement of a person's speed and accuracy in solving arithmetic problems is called:
quantitative ability
What term is used to describe the actions of an employer who makes a benefit contingent on an employee submitting to a sexual advance?
quid pro quo harassment
An individual's capacity to come up with solutions to many diverse problems is known as their _____ ability.
reasoning
Which is the broadest of the cognitive abilities?
reasoning ability
The concept of reasonable accommodation was initially applied in cases of:
religious discrimination
Opponents of quota-like hiring systems argue that such systems limit the hiring of non-minority groups, namely whites and males, and therefore are a form of ______ discrimination.
reverse
Which of the following work to make symbolic and substantive changes to an organization's safety efforts that go beyond simple compliance with OSHA?
safety awareness programs
Which law was designed to protect older employees when a company reduces its workforce through layoffs?
the Age Discrimination in Employment Act
Complaints of workplace discrimination under equal employment opportunity laws should be filed with:
the EEOC or a similar state agency
Which agency is responsible for enforcing executive orders covering companies that do business with the federal government?
the Office of Federal Contract Compliance Programs
Define individual differences
the aspects of people's personalities that make them different from others
Define person-organization fit
the degree to which a person's personality and values match the culture of an organization
Define utility
the degree to which information provided by selection methods enhances the effectiveness of selecting personnel.
Define person-job fit
the degree to which the individual possesses the competencies (KSAs) necessary for job success.
Define generalizability
the degree to which the validity of a selection method established in one context extends to other contexts.
Before managers can identify the best job candidates, it is first necessary for them to identify
the intelligences necessary for the job
Though it can be useful, many employers are reluctant to use predictive validation due to _____.
the large amount of time and effort it requires
Which of the following is true about attitudes?
they range from positive to negative
Select all the leaders who are perceived as introverts.
a) Mark Zuckerberg b) Bill Gates
Which of the following are true of personal values? (Check all that apply.)
a) They influence behavior across all situations. b) They represent global beliefs.
The Civil Rights Act was designed to ensure hiring would be based on which of the following?
a) ability b) character
Which areas are most significant in the issue of gender equity within organizations?
a) equity in representation b) equity in pay
Select examples of organizational citizenship behavior.
a) expression of personal interest in the work of others b) constructive statements about the departments c) respect for the spirit as well as the letter of housekeeping rules
Which individual differences are universally considered undesirable?
a) psychopathy b) Machiavelliansm c) narcissism
Which of the following are legal theories of discrimination? (Select all that apply.)
a) reasonable accommodation b) disparate impact c) disparate treatment
Which of following characteristics are generally indicative of a selection method's utility? (Select all that apply.)
a) validity b) reliability c) generalizability
The Thirteenth Amendment of the Constitution:
abolishes slavery in the US
The personality dimension known as ______ is described as how good-natured, forgiving, and courteous a person is.
agreeableness
Describe Ajzen's Theory of Planned Behavior.
attitude toward behavior, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control, together shape an individual's behavioral intentions and behaviors.
A ______ concept of personality allows you to more effectively predict behavior.
broader
When a test includes scenarios that are representative of the types of things a job incumbent might face on the job, the test is considered:
content valid
Behavior that harms other employees, the organization as a whole or organizational stakeholders such as customers and shareholders is called:
counterproductive work behavior
prohibitions of The Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993
entitles eligible employees of covered employers to take unpaid, job-protected leave for specified family and medical reasons with continuation of group health insurance coverage under the same terms and conditions as if the employee had not taken leave
The branch of government that consists of the president of the United States and the many regulatory agencies the president oversees is known as the:
executive branch
Mena, a student, feels cognitive dissonance over her conflicting desires to hang out with her friends and to finish her class project. She reduces the dissonance by telling herself that finishing the project now means that she can have the entire weekend free to spend with her friends. Which method of reducing cognitive dissonance does this represent?
finding consonant elements that outweigh dissonant ones
Complaints over which of the following account for the majority of the cases filed with the EEOC under the Americans with Disabilities Act?
firings
Which employee actions are protected from employer retaliation by Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964?
reporting a perceived illegal employment practice through proper channels
Work Sample
require the applicant to perform tasks that are actually part of the work required on the job.
Which of the following is a major concern of Section 1981 of the Civil Rights Act of 1866?
the right to make and enforce contracts
Which statement is true of emotion display norms in an organization?
they determine which emotions members should show in various situations
True or false: At a certain level emotional stability becomes problematic.
true
True or false: Intelligence and mental abilities are related to performance.
true
True or false: Perceptions of organizational support can be either positive or negative.
true
What is the relationship between counterproductive work behavior and job satisfaction?
(decrease): behavior that harms other employees, the organization as a whole, or organizational stakeholders such as customers and shareholders
What is the relationship between perceived stress and job satisfaction?
(decrease): negative effects on many different OB-related outcomes
What is the relationship between organizational citizenship behavior and job satisfaction?
(increase): Individual behavior that is discretionary; not directly or explicitly recognized by the formal reward system; In aggregate, promotes effective functioning of the organization
Define the concept of attitudes and list/describe the three main components of an attitude.
1. Affective = "I feel" 2. Cognitive = "I think" 3. Behavioral = "I intend"
Individuals who believe they have experienced discrimination and wish to file a complaint with the EEOC must do so within
180 days
The Age Discrimination in Employment Act prohibits discrimination against employees over the age of
40
Define legality
All selection methods must conform to existing laws and legal precedents.
What term is used to describe an employment practice that lacks discriminatory content but still leads to discrimination?
Facially neutral employment practice
Define honesty tests
Honesty Tests: some tests directly emphasize questions dealing with past theft admissions or associations with people who stole from employees. i. Validity studies suggest they can predict both theft and other disruptive behaviors.
Which of the following protects employees from retaliatory acts, such as being fired, if they testify in a hearing and provide evidence that the employer has engaged in an illegal employment act, such as discrimination in hiring?
The Civil Rights Act of 1964
Which of the following statements are true concerning a complaint of discrimination filed with the EEOC?
The EEOC takes responsibility for investigating the complaint.
Which of the following are behavioral outcomes of job satisfaction?
a) Organizational citizenship behavior b) Job performance
Job satisfaction and employee engagement are two workplace ___________ measured by management.
attitudes
_____________reflect feelings about people, places, and objects and can be positive or negative.
attitudes
People who possess an internal locus of control
believe their success is due to their own efforts
The statement "I believe" reflects which overall attitude component?
cognitive
People with low self-esteem:
deal with a lot of self-doubt
When an employment practice disproportionately excludes a protected group from employment opportunities, a company can be accused of _________ impact.
disparate
When people are treated differently because of their race, gender, sex, disability status, or religion, they are subject to:
disparate treatment
Rules that dictate which types of emotions are expected and appropriate at a given time are:
emotion display norms
Kahn described "the harnessing of organization members' selves to their work roles" as:
employee engagement
True or false: Job satisfaction and job performance are unrelated in a work context.
false
Discrimination based on Executive Order 11246 applies only to which of the following?
federal contractors and subcontractors
An organization that has high levels of aggregate job satisfaction could expect to experience which of the following?
improved accounting/financial performance
The term ______ is used to collectively describe people's traits and behaviors that are influenced by genetics and environment.
individual differences
An affective or emotional response toward various facets of one's job is called ______.
job satisfaction
Employee motivation is positively related to:
job satisfaction
The term ________ _________ reflects the extent to which a person likes his or her job.
job satisfaction
U.S. Supreme Court decisions can only be overturned by:
legislation
Cognitive ability tests are designed to measure an individual's:
mental capacity
Which model of job satisfaction reflects the difference between what an employee expects to receive from a job and what he or she actually receives?
met expectations
Describe References
method for getting background information on applicants before an interview. i. Weak predictors of future success on the job. ii. Low validity
Shalom Schwartz believed that values ______ our behavior across any context.
motivate
Sternberg applied what he called "practical intelligence" to leadership by using an aspect of intelligence referred to by Gardner as
naturalist intelligence
The extent to which the characteristics of a job allow an individual to fulfill his or her needs is called:
need fulfillment
According to the Organizing Framework for Understanding and Applying OB, human and social capital is considered a _________ factor that aids in employee engagement at work. (Enter one word in the blank.)
person
The degree to which a measure is free from random error defines its level of:
reliability
The personnel selection measure that is based on how consistent something is over time or over different contexts is called ________.
reliability
In order for a test to have validity, it must be:
reliable
Anger is usually a _____ emotion.
retrospective
Bio Data
selection method that considers applicant's life, school, military, community and work
The Thirteenth Amendment has been applied in cases where discrimination involved which of the following?
symbols of slavery
Values remain mostly stable ________ across and _______ . (Enter one word in each blank.)
time; situations
On an annual basis, organizations with ______ or more employees must file a report with the EEOC listing the number of women and minorities employed in nine job categories.
100
Define Application Blanks
Application Blanks: Commonly used section included in applications that allow applicants to either enter personal information such as address, education, and employment information or to select from a list of option to answer preference, availability, and related questions.
True or false: Recent research indicates that tests show different levels of subgroup validity.
False
True or false: The courts are bound to interpret the ADA exactly as the EEOC does.
False
Describe construct validity
How well does a test measure a meaningful characteristic or quality; how well the test is measuring what it is supposed to test
Which legislation authorizes the federal government to establish and enforce safety and health standards for places of employment?
OSHA
Define Personality Inventories
Personality Inventories: research suggests that there are five major dimensions of personality, known as the "Big Five": extroversion, adjustment, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness to experience. i. Although it is possible to find reliable, commercially available measures of each of these traits, the evidence for their validity and generalizability is mixed at best.
Define Physical Ability Tests
Physical Ability Tests: Tests of physical abilities may be relevant not only to predicting performance by to predicting occupational injuries and disabilities as well. There are seven classes of tests in this area: muscular tension, muscular power, muscular endurance, cardiovascular endurance, flexibility, balance, and coordination. i. These tests are likely to have adverse impact. ii. Validities for these tests are strong.
prohibitions of The Civil Rights Act of 1991:
Prohibits discrimination for job applicants and workers based on race, gender, religion, color, ethnicity
Define the concept of business necessity as a legal defense.
Work-related practice that is necessary to the safe and efficient operation of an organization
What are the two general models of employee selection.
a) Person-job fit b) Person-organization fit
prohibitions of The Civil Rights Act of 1964:
a) Prohibits employment discrimination on the basis of: race, color, religion, sex, national origin b) Established the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) to enforce its provisions
In 2009, the Americans with Disabilities Act Amendments Act revised the ADA to make the definition of disability:
broader
How do companies help reduce the biases associated with in-person job interviews?
by conducting interviews using multiple simultaneous interviewers
As a result of the Civil Rights Act, those who discriminate based on race, age, and other factors can be:
charged punitive damages
Which of the following has improved the process of finding valid predictors of future job performance?
cloud-based data processing
Tests that differentiate people on the basis of mental rather than physical capacities are known as _____ ability tests.
cognitive
A challenge for managers is that all employees have different __________ to be fulfilled.
needs
When testing quantitative ability, one seeks to measure an applicant's ability to do which of the following?
solve arithmetic problems
In order to determine how much validity is sufficient, one usually tests for which of the following?
statistical significance
According to the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), a disability is an impairment that
substantially limits one or more major life activities
The EEOC issues guidelines for what purpose?
to help employers follow the law
Describe the overall goal of an organizational selection system.
to minimize error in choosing employees and to improve a company's competitive position
A word of caution about using personality tests is to be sure
to use properly trained employees to administer tests or analyze results
Schwartz's first bipolar dimension includes self- _______- and self-. __________(Enter one word in each blank.)
transcendence; enhancement
Describe the two main forms of discrimination in employee selection and explain the key differences between them.
Disparate Treatment - exists when individuals in similar situations are intentionally treated differently based upon race, color, religion, sex, national origin, age, or disability status. Disparate/Adverse Impact - occurs when a "facially neutral" employment practice disproportionately excludes a protected group from employment opportunities. (Four-fifths rule)
Define Drug Tests
Drug Tests: tests should be conducted in an environment that is as unintrusive as possible, and results should be held in a strict confidence. i. Controversies are not with their reliability and validity but whether they represent an invasion of privacy
Define Work Samples
Work Samples: attempt to stimulate the job in a pre-hiring context to observe how the applicant preforms in the simulated job. i. Drawbacks: First, the nature of the tests are job-specific, so generalizability is low. Second, tests are generally expensive. Finally, these events tend to attract more male applicants than female.
Describe Interviews
a dialogue initiated by one or more persons to gather information and evaluate the qualifications of an applicant for employment. i. The most widespread selection method. ii. Unreliable, low in validity, and biased against of number of different groups.
Summarize the concept of core self-evaluation, including the work outcomes it attempts to predict.
a) A broad personality trait comprised of four narrow individual traits: Generalized self-efficacy, Self-esteem, Locus of control, Emotional stability b) Higher CSE is linked to: Better job performance, Higher job and life satisfaction, Better motivation, Increased organizational citizenship behaviors, Better adjustment to international assignments, Less stress and conflict
Define the concept of emotional intelligence and explain how it is related to key work outcomes.
a) Ability to monitor one's own emotions and those of others, to discriminate among them, and to use this information to guide one's thinking and actions b) SelfAwareness SelfManagement
Which of the statements are true concerning the outcomes of the Americans with Disabilities Act? (Select all that apply.)
a) About one-half of the complaints filed under the act have been found to be without reasonable cause. b) The act has resulted in increased litigation. c) The kinds of cases being filed are not based on the rights that the act was originally intended to protect.
Define the concept of emotions.
a) Complex, relatively brief, affective responses associated with a particular target. b) Emotions change our psychological and/or physiological states
List the exceptions to employment-at-will legislation.
a) Contracts b) Federal and State Law c) Violations of public policy, implied contract, and good faith and fair dealing
Which of the following are workplace attitudes that managers pay attention to? (Check all that apply.)
a) Employee engagement b) Job satisfaction c) Organizational commitment d) Perceived organizational support
List and describe each of the components of core self-evaluation.
a) Generalized self efficacy: A person's belief about his/her chances of successfully accomplishing a specific task b) Self esteem: General belief about self worth c) Locus of Control: How much personal responsibility someone takes for their behavior & its consequences d) Emotional Stability: A person's ability to remain stable and balanced
Describe the major controversies surrounding drug testing as well as the rules to which an organization's drug testing program should conform.
a) Is it an invasion of privacy? Unreasonable search and seizure? Violation of due process? b) Equal, safe, rehab in place
What actions can the EEOC take if it cannot come to an agreement with an organization that has discriminated against a person who has filed a discrimination complaint? (Select all that apply.)
a) It can issue the person a "right to sue" letter. b) It can aid the person in bringing suit in federal court.
Which of the following statements are true about the general duty clause of OSHA?
a) Its purpose is to provide as a safe place of employment. b) It applies to every employer.
Which of the following are attitudinal outcomes of job satisfaction? (Check all that apply.)
a) Perceived stress b) Motivation c) Job involvement d) Withdrawal cognitions
Identify the two basic forms of sexual harassment in the workplace under Title VII.
a) Quid Pro Quo Harassment - occurs when some kind of benefit or punishment is made contingent on an employee's submitting or not submitting to sexual advances b) Hostile Work Environment Harassment - occurs when behavior in the workplace creates an environment that makes it difficult for someone of a particular sex to work
Define the four-fifths rule and explain how organizations can use it to diagnose potential discrimination in employee selection activities (e.g., hiring, firing, promotion decisions).
a) Rule of thumb followed by the EEOC in determining adverse impact for use in enforcement proceedings. b) According to the Uniform Guidelines, a selection program has an adverse impact when the selection rate for any racial, ethnic, or sex class is less than four-fifths (or 80 percent) of the rate of the class with the highest selection rate. c) The four-fifths rule is not a legal definition of discrimination, rather it is used to monitor severe discrimination practices.
Discuss the purpose of the Uniform Guidelines on Employee Selection Procedures, including where the guidelines are applicable and how organizations should use them.
a) The Uniform Guidelines recommends that an employer be able to demonstrate that selection procedures are valid in predicting or measuring performance in a particular job. b) Employers must be able to prove that the selection instrument bears a direct relationship to job success (that it is valid).
Which of the following Are considered limitations of content validation?
a) The large role subjective judgment plays b) the assumption that the new hire has to have the knowledge, skills, and abilities being measured at the time of hire
In addition to a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits at least one major life activity, the most recent EEOC guidelines consider a person to have a disability in which of the following situations? (Select all that apply.)
a) The person has a past history of such an impairment. b) The person is regarded by an employer to have such an impairment.
Which of the following are examples of the executive branch's power to impact the legislative branch and the laws it passes? (Select all that apply.)
a) The regulatory agencies have responsibility for enforcing laws. b) The president can propose bills to Congress. c) The president has the power to veto any laws passed by Congress.
Which employees are most likely to be able to initiate successful discrimination cases?
a) a wheelchair user who is turned down for a job because the office has no elevator b) a worker who has brought charges of discrimination against their employer and is fired c) a qualified African American applicant who was turned down and noticed that the job is still being advertised
Which responsibilities are assigned to the Department of Labor by OSHA?
a) applying health standards b) levying fines c) inspecting employers
In which of the following ways does the US Constitution affect HRM?
a) by establishing three primary governing bodies b) by delineating citizens' rights
Which of the following are key components of most safety awareness programs?
a) communicating hazards to managers and employees b) identifying potential hazards c) reinforcing safe practices
Which of the following behaviors have been shown by research to improve intelligence?
a) constructive thinking b) problem solving c) reasoning
Intelligence entails a person's capacity for ______. (Select all that apply)
a) constructive thinking b) reasoning c) problem solving
High levels of job satisfaction lead to lower levels of which behavioral outcomes?
a) counterproductive work behavior b) turnover
Major reasons that companies use personality tests include
a) decreasing bias against applicants b) expanding the number of candidates being considered c) reducing expenses associated with hiring
Which of the following are context over which we typically generalize selection methods?
a) different organizations b) different samples of people c) different jobs
Which of the following statements are true about emotions?
a) emotions can change psychological states b) emotions can motivate behavior c) emotions communicate messages to others
Select the practical implications of multiple intelligence.
a) employees can be developed in areas of need based on intelligence b) it is important to identify intelligences relevant to a job during the selection process c) it explains how a child can score poorly in an IQ test and yet be gifted in one or more ways
Which of the following has the federal government used to achieve equal employment opportunity?
a) executive orders b) legislation c) constitutional amendments
Job satisfaction has a positive association with which of the following behavioral outcomes?
a) job performance organizational b) citizenship behavior
Which employee factors are important for managers to understand in order to create a productive and satisfying person-job fit? (Check all that apply.)
a) personality traits b) abilities c) potential
What three things does a plaintiff attempt to establish in a class-action pattern and practice lawsuit filed for discrimination by an employer? (Select all that apply.)
a) procedures for pay and promotions leave too much discretion to managers b) individual acts of intentional discrimination suggest that discrimination is part of the larger company culture c) statistical differences exist between the composition in the company to some other relevant group
Which of the following were traditional forms of affirmative action to attract and hire minority employees?
a) recruiting on college campuses b) providing training opportunities c) advertising in minority-oriented publications
Which of the following are generic selection standards used in deciding who will be allowed into organizations?
a) reliability b) validity c) legality
Unlike other theories of discrimination, reasonable accommodation places a special obligation on employers to take affirmative action to accommodate which of the following? (Select all that apply.)
a) religion b) disability
Which dimensions of emotional intelligence constitute personal competence?
a) self-awareness b) self-management
The dimensions of emotional intelligence that form social competence are:
a) social awareness b) self awareness
Select the person factors that contribute to employee engagement.
a) social capital b) personality
The negative outcomes of job satisfaction include:
a) stress b) withdrawal
It is believed that intelligence increases due to a combination of which factors?
a) technological complexity b) improved socioeconomics c) better schooling d) healthier nutrition
Which of the following are forms of honesty tests commonly used by US companies today?
a) tests inquiring about associations with others who have stolen from employers b) tests with social conformity and conscientiousness c) tests with questions about admitting to past theft
Check all of the following statements that are true of liking and fit.
a) they are not precise enough to have real value in management b) most people evaluate a person's personality by whether or not they like them c) they are not particularly beneficial for managers
Which of the following characterize people with proactive personalities?
a) they increase the supportiveness of their supervisors b) they are more satisfied in their retirement c) they are able to take more control of their jobs
Which of the following are specific rights granted by OSHA?
a) to receive training about workplace hazards b) to have dangerous workplace substances identified c) to prevent employer violations from being posted
Define the characteristics of behavioral interviews
applicant is confronted with a pre-specified query of questions regarding past work or non-work situations; best predictor of future behavior is past behavior, asked how to describe how they have handled specific situations previously
Define the characteristics of situational interviews
applicant is confronted with pre-specified query of questions and issues that are likely to arise at the job; intention is to predict behavior, asked how to describe their reaction to specific situations, questions pose a dilemma
If standout employees score high on a specific trait, then a company using concurrent validation will likely use scores on this trait to do which of the following?
screen new hires
True or false: Personal achievements and praise tend to bolster one's self-esteem.
true
How well information is able to enhance the organization's bottom-line effectiveness is known as the information's:
utility
The first step in validity generalization involves determining that a specific test is
valid predictor for a specific job
If an empirical association can be shown to exist between a selection measure and scores for job performance, the ____ of a selection method can be established.
validity
In terms of job selection and placement, the extent to which a given measure of performance is related to performance on the job is known as
validity
When a firm is unable to use criterion-related or content validation, which selection method does it typically use instead?
validity generalization
The abstract ideals that influence the choices we make are called:
values
