MGMT 320 Exam 2

A corporate culture is a defined set of shared, taken-for-granted implicit assumptions that a group holds and that determines how it perceives, thinks about, and reacts to its various environments. True or False

True

A person who scores high on the conscientiousness dimension is typically dependable, persistent, and oriented toward achievement. True or False

True

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, taking a sabbatical leave to further personal growth is an example of the self-actualization need. True or False

True

Personality conflict is defined as interpersonal opposition based on personal dislike or disagreement. True or False

True

Studies have shown that about 70 percent of workplace learning is informal. True or False

True

Which of the following is a motivating factor according to Herzberg's two-factor theory? a.) the work itself b.) pay and security c.) working conditions d.) company policies e.) supervisors

a.) the work itself

_______ is the arrangement of having discrete parts of a task done by different people. a.) An organization chart b.) A common purpose c.) A contingency approach d.) An employee structure e.) A division of labor

e.) A division of labor

The chain of command is also known as the a.) movement chart. b.) horizontal specialization. c.) analytics tool. d.) organizational picture. e.) vertical hierarchy.

e.) vertical hierarchy

Employees who play the role of initiator, coordinator, energizer, or orienter are playing a maintenance role in the organization. True or False

False

____________ is(are) defined as those stable psychological and behavioral attributes that give you your identity. a.) Values b.) Individual behavior c.) Personality d.) Character e.) Attitude

c.) Personality

______ leaders focus on providing increased service to others—meeting the goals of both followers and the organization—rather than to themselves. a.) LMX b.) Shared c.) Servant d.) Transactional e.) Support

c.) Servant

Computer-assisted instruction is usually a form of a.) managerial development. b.) on-the-job training. c.) orientation. d.) management selection. e.) off-the-job training.

e.) off-the-job training.

A(n) ______ is a system of consciously coordinated activities or forces of two or more people. a.) task plan b.) culture c.) closed system d.) hierarchy of authority e.) organization

e.) organization

What is the last stage of the perceptual process? a.) selective attention b.) feedback (formal and informal) c.) interpretation and evaluation d.) storage in memory e.) retrieval from memory

e.) retrieval from memory

Devil's advocacy and the dialectic method are forms of programmed conflict designed to elicit different opinions without inciting people's personal feelings. True or False

True

Gestures such as constructive statements about the department, expression of personal interest in the work of others, suggestions for improvement, training of new people, the caring for organizational property, and punctuality and attendance well beyond standard or enforceable levels are examples of organizational citizenship behaviors. True or False

True

The best leaders display both transactional and transformational leadership styles. True or False

True

Which type of justice reflects the perceived fairness of how resources and rewards are distributed or allocated, according to equity theory? a.) procedural b.) distributive c.) interactional d.) motivational e.) poetic

b.) distributive

Narcissism is a key positive leadership trait. True or False

False

Research reveals that reactive people tend to be more satisfied with their jobs, committed to their employer, and produce more work than proactive individuals. True or False

False

The IT network that allows for the movement of organizational information within that company is known as the organizational structure. True or False

False

If you start a new job and find the job description and criteria for promotion to be vague, role ambiguity has occurred. True or False

True

In general, job satisfaction today is higher than it was in the aftermath of the Great Recession of 2007-2009. True or False

True

When managers and employees within the same department are brought together in cross-functional teams to solve particular problems, their company is using a team-based design. True or False

True

______ proposed people were driven by the three innate needs of competence, autonomy, and relatedness. a.) McGregor's Theory X/Theory Y b.) Herzberg's two-factor theory c.) McClelland's acquired needs theory d.) Deci and Ryan's self-determination theory e.) Expectancy theory

d.) Deci and Ryan's self-determination theory

______ refers to educating technical and operational employees in how to better do their current jobs. a.) Career instruction b.) Orientation c.) Mentoring d.) Training e.) Development

d.) Training

______ leadership helps employees pursue organizational goals over self-interests. a.) Transactional b.) Laissez-faire c.) Shared d.) Transformational e.) Service

d.) Transformational

A collection of five employees who are studying industry pay scales, with the goal of making recommendations for adjusting pay grades within their company, is known as a(n) a.) group. b.) association. c.) informal union. d.) team. e.) informal organization.

d.) team

A person's emotional stability refers to how intellectual, imaginative, curious, and broad-minded he or she is. True or False

False

According to Chester I. Barnard, an organization is made up of at least one person who strives daily to achieve the organization's goals. True or False

False

After 20 years on the job, Elvira retired. For several different reasons, the company decided not to replace Elvira with someone else. This is an example of turnover for a company. True or False

False

Arbitration is the process in which a neutral third party, a mediator, listens to both sides in a dispute, makes suggestions, and encourages them to agree on a solution. True or False

False

Authority is the extent to which a person is able to influence others so they respond to orders. True or False

False

Before applying for a job as a contracts analyst, Carlos read the job analysis for the available position. This document indicated that the responsible employee reviews contracts for technical accuracy and completeness, and tracks invoices against the executed contracts. True or False

False

Carlos is a manager who has poor leader-member relations with his employees who perform unambiguous, easily understood tasks. He should use a task-motivated leadership style. True or False

False

Fiedler's contingency leadership model argues that leadership behaviors should be determined by position power only. True or False

False

For Megan's end-of-year performance appraisal, her supervisor solicited feedback from three of Megan's coworkers, the manager of the customer-service department, several of Megan's clients, and even a few employees in other departments with whom she worked recently. Megan's performance appraisal is an example of an employee survey. True or False

False

In adjourning, conflicts are resolved, close relationships develop, and unity and harmony emerge. True or False

False

In an organic organization, tasks and rules are clearly specified. True or False

False

In two-tier wage contracts, veteran employees are paid less or receive fewer benefits than new employees. True or False

False

Job enlargement enables workers to focus on doing more of the same task to increase productivity. True or False

False

Leadership is the ability to marshal human, informational, and other resources to get something done. True or False

False

Marla, an employee for a government defense contractor, likes the strict culture that she finds with AeroDyno Industries, which supplies equipment parts to several military bases. There is very little focus on the external environment and little company flexibility due to the type of customers that AeroDyno serves. Because the product it sells needs little improvement and there is virtually no competition, AeroDyno Industries takes few risks. AeroDyno Industries is an example of an adhocracy culture. True or False

False

Members of a group that are asking "What's next?" are in the performing stage of team development. True or False

False

Most workers rate monetary benefits higher than they rate having a caring boss. True or False

False

Organizational culture appears as five layers: observable artifacts, espoused values, basic assumptions, informal groups, and management groups. True or False

False

Reinforcement theory attempts to explain behavior change by suggesting that behavior with negative consequences tends to be repeated, whereas behavior with positive consequences tends not to be repeated. True or False

False

The metaphor for an invisible barrier preventing women and minorities from being promoted to top executive jobs is the steel curtain. True or False

False

The primary purpose of relationship-oriented leadership behavior is to ensure that people, equipment, and other resources are used in an efficient way to accomplish the mission of a group or organization. True or False

False

The result of too much conflict in the workplace is usually indolence. True or False

False

Thought is the process of interpreting and understanding one's environment. True or False

False

Trust in the workplace is based on authority and control. True or False

False

Two advantages of decentralization are that (1) managers are encouraged to not solve their own problems, but rather to ask for assistance as soon as possible, and (2) decisions are made more slowly, because they are discussed at a higher level of management. True or False

False

Undocumented immigrants make up about 20 percent of the U.S. workforce. True or False

False

According to the acquired needs theory, those who tend to seek social approval and satisfying personal relationships may have a high need for affiliation. True or False

True

Assuming they have choices, people will make the choice that promises them the greatest reward if they think they can get it. True or False

True

Autonomy describes the extent to which a job allows an employee to make choices about scheduling different tasks and deciding how to perform them. True or False

True

Because internals seem to have a greater belief that their actions have a direct effect on the consequences of that action, they likely would prefer and respond more productively to incentives such as merit pay or sales commissions. True or False

True

Benefits account for about one-third of compensation costs. True or False

True

Conflict is a perfectly normal state of affairs. True or False

True

Hannah, the youngest owner of a family-owned grocery, wants to make sure her company's culture is embedded in their organization. In a recent tradeshow workshop, she learned that she can do this by having company rites and rituals, continuing to tell stories about company legends, and being a role model to her employees. True or False

True

In sexual harassment, the harasser may be a(n) outsider, coworker, supervisor, or someone of the same sex. True or False

True

Low self-efficacy is associated with learned helplessness, the debilitating lack of faith in one's ability to control one's environment. True or False

True

Mutual-benefit organizations are voluntary collectives whose purpose is to advance members' interests, while nonprofit organizations are formed to offer services to some clients, not to make a profit. True or False

True

Onboarding programs help employees to integrate and transition to new jobs by making them familiar with corporate policies, procedures, cultures, and politics by clarifying work-role expectations and responsibilities. True or False

True

Team composition reflects the collection of jobs, personalities, values, knowledge, experience, and skills of team members. True or False

True

The goal-setting theory suggests that employees can be motivated by goals that are specific and challenging, but achievable. True or False

True

There are two different approaches to job design. The traditional approach to job design is to fit people to the jobs; the modern way is to fit the jobs to the people. True or False

True

Today, teamwork is considered the cornerstone of progressive management. True or False

True

________ is the final stage of group and team development. a.) Adjourning b.) Performing c.) Measuring d.) Assessing e.) Avoidance

a.) Adjourning

_____ is the set of processes and managerial behaviors that involve defining, monitoring, measuring, evaluating, and providing consequences for performance expectations. a.) Performance management b.) Training c.) Employee development d.) Performance appraisal e.) Workforce evaluation

a.) Performance management

_______ is not a relationship-oriented behavior. a.) Political maneuvering b.) Consideration c.) Empowering leadership d.) Ethical leadership e.) Servant leadership

a.) Political maneuvering

__________, which all managers have, is power that results from a manager's authority to reward his or her subordinates. Rewards can range from praise to pay raises, from recognition to promotions. a.) Reward power b.) Expert power c.) Coercive power d.) Referent power e.) Legitimate power

a.) Reward power

Which of the following statements is not a practical implication of the behavioral approaches to leadership? a.) There is one best style of leadership. b.) How effective a particular leadership behavior is depends on the situation at hand. c.) It is important to train managers on the various forms of relationship leadership. d.) It is important to train managers on the various forms of task leadership. e.) A leader's behavior is more important than his or her traits.

a.) There is one best style of leadership.

For a manager, building an effective team requires work, but the payoff is a.) a stronger, better-performing work unit. b.) good relationships with others in the company, especially your superiors. c.) employees who will work overtime, often without expecting to be paid for it. d.) employees who will do as you say without questioning you. e.) more responsibilities for you and other managers.

a.) a stronger, better-performing work unit.

Because Franco believes that external forces control him, he may do best in a highly structured job that requires greater compliance. Franco has a.) an external locus of control. b.) high self-esteem. c.) low self-esteem. d.) low self-monitoring. e.) high self-efficacy.

a.) an external locus of control.

Which of the following are not parts of compensation? a.) annual performance reviews b.) wages c.) salaries d.) incentive payments e.) benefits

a.) annual performance reviews

Greg, the CEO of Organic Market, wants managers and employees to instruct each other about the organization's chosen values and beliefs. Greg has encouraged the seasoned employees to retell stories about the company legends, and he plans on bringing back the monthly rewards. Greg is endeavoring to a.) embed company culture. b.) use a diversity plan. c.) establish a value system. d.) add heroes. e.) embed industry culture.

a.) embed company culture.

A committee investigating the impacts of health care reform on the organization is an example of a(n) a.) formal group. b.) official group. c.) organized group. d.) informal group. e.) informal team.

a.) formal group.

All of the following are informal aspects of the workplace except a.) hierarchy. b.) values. c.) personalities. d.) conflicts. e.) culture.

a.) hierarchy

Which of the following is considered a "soft" tactic used to influence others? a.) ingratiating tactics b.) coalition tactics c.) pressure tactics d.) exchange tactics e.) legitimating tactics

a.) ingratiating tactics

Which of the following is not a key quality displayed by humble leaders? a.) low self-awareness b.) openness to feedback c.) appreciation of others d.) low self-focus e.) appreciation of the greater good

a.) low self-awareness

Ana is a teacher who became interested in helping adults in some of the poorer neighborhoods learn how to read. She plans to start a reading center in a low-income area to help residents with reading skills at no cost. Ana's center is an example of a(n) a.) nonprofit organization. b.) for-profit organization. c.) association. d.) coop. e.) union.

a.) nonprofit organization

Although ______ are typically unwritten and seldom discussed openly, they have a powerful influence on group and organizational behavior. a.) norms b.) personality conflicts c.) quality standards d.) task roles e.) work rules

a.) norms

Salaried executive, administrative, and professional employees are exempt from ______ rules. a.) overtime b.) OSHA c.) EEO d.) Fair Labor Standards Act e.) ADA

a.) overtime

In the ______ leadership model, a leader makes desirable rewards available in the workplace and clarifies how followers can obtain them. a.) path-goal b.) behavioral c.) passive d.) transformational e.) relationship-oriented

a.) path-goal

Jason is more apt to take initiative and persevere to influence the environment; he has a(n) ______ personality. a.) proactive b.) agreeable c.) extroverted d.) introverted e.) reactive

a.) proactive

When much of her work was automated with a new computerized system, Brittany became unsure of her ability to do her job. Sara, her boss, has been mentoring her to improve her a.) self-efficacy. b.) learned helplessness. c.) agreeableness. d.) internal locus of control. e.) conscientiousness.

a.) self-efficacy

According to expectancy theory, your ______ is low if you don't think a bonus or raise is going to be big enough to justify working evenings and weekends. a.) valence b.) expectancy c.) instrumentality d.) reinforcement e.) esteem

a.) valence

________ is a control mechanism for making sure the right people do the right things at the right time. Multiple Choice a.) An organization chart b.) A hierarchy of authority c.) A contingency design d.) A matrix structure e.) A division of labor

b.) A hierarchy of authority

Which of the following is not a common reason why incentives may fail to motivate employees? a.) Sometimes there is too much emphasis on monetary rewards. b.) The incentive plan is based on clear and realistic goals. c.) Incentives may be extensive, but employees feel entitled to them as part of the job. d.) There may be too long a delay between performance and rewards. e.) One-shot rewards (such as half a day off) may have short-lived motivational impact.

b.) The incentive plan is based on clear and realistic goals.

According to ______, competence, autonomy, and relatedness are the primary motivations for behavior. a.) two-factor theory b.) self-determination theory c.) acquired needs theory d.) expectancy theory e.) hierarchy of needs theory

b.) self-determination theory

In ______ teams, the traditional clear-cut distinction between manager and managed is blurred as nonmanagerial employees are delegated greater authority and granted increased autonomy. a.) problem-solving b.) self-managed c.) collaborative d.) virtual e.) action

b.) self-managed

A hierarchy culture has an internal focus; it values ____ over flexibility. a.) authority b.) stability and control c.) external stakeholders d.) community standards e.) risk taking

b.) stability and control

Which of the following is incorrect about the leader-member exchange (LMX) model of leadership? a.) The LMX model emphasizes that leaders have different sorts of relationships with different subordinates. b.) The LMX model looks at the quality of relationships between managers and subordinates. c.) The LMX focuses only on the behaviors or traits of leaders. d.) The LMX model assumes each manager-subordinate relationship is unique. e.) The quality of the relationship between managers and subordinates is related to turnover.

c.) The LMX focuses only on the behaviors or traits of leaders.

"I'm going to buy a Ford to support the U.S. auto industry" is an example of which component of attitude? a.) value b.) actionable c.) behavioral d.) affective e.) cognitive

c.) behavioral

The question "What was the best idea you ever sold to a supervisor, teacher, peer, or subordinate?" would be used in which type of interview situation? Multiple Choice a.) unstructured interview b.) situational interview c.) behavioral-description interview d.) compatibility test e.) performance test

c.) behavioral-description interview

Which of the following is not one of the eight leadership styles proposed by the revised path-goal theory? a.) path-goal clarifying b.) work facilitation c.) servant leadership d.) representation and networking e.) value-based

c.) servant leadership

Marcie frequently requests meetings between her team and counterparts in Portland. She often spots issues that will affect both groups and wants to work openly on coordination so there are no surprises for anyone. Marcie plays a ______ role for her team. a.) maintenance b.) leadership c.) task d.) cohesiveness e.) relationship

c.) task

According to the integrated model, motivation is affected by both personal factors and ________ ones. a.) incentive b.) historic c.) subconscious d.) contextual e.) irrational

d.) contextual

All of the following are contextual factors in the integrated model of motivation except a.) organizational culture. b.) rewards and reinforcement. c.) group norms. d.) core self-evaluations. e.) leader behavior.

d.) core self-evaluations.

Espoused values are a.) a narrative based on true events, which emphasize a particular value. b.) physical manifestations of an organization's core beliefs. c.) the values and norms actually exhibited in the community. d.) explicitly stated values and norms preferred by an organization. e.) profit and cost expectations stated in the business plan.

d.) explicitly stated values and norms preferred by an organization.

When physically attractive people are also assumed to be smarter and nicer, which perception distortion has occurred? a.) stereotyping b.) selective perception c.) recency effect d.) halo effect e.) self-serving bias

d.) halo effect

People often do volunteer work for the ______ rewards. a.) extrinsic b.) valence c.) gainsharing d.) intrinsic e.) job enrichment

d.) intrinsic

When one department store authorized thousands of its sales clerks to handle functions normally reserved for store managers, such as handling merchandise-return problems and approving customers' checks, they gave them more responsibility, a _________ technique. a.) job enlargement b.) job simplification c.) job significance d.) job enrichment e.) job productivity

d.) job enrichment

Applications, résumés, interviews, and employment tests are all ______ tools. a.) investigation b.) sorting c.) recruitment d.) selection e.) performance

d.) selection

Empathy and organizational intuition are a part of which emotional intelligence (EI) trait? a.) self-management b.) self-awareness c.) self-monitoring d.) social awareness e.) relationship management

d.) social awareness

Philip, a shift manager in a factory, has 40 employees on his shift that he directly supervises. The 40 workers who report directly to Philip represent his Multiple Choice a.) unity of command. b.) hierarchy of authority. c.) span of direction. d.) span of control. e.) division of labor.

d.) span of control

According to Tuckman's five-stage model of group and team development, what is the second stage in the process? a.) adjourning b.) performing c.) norming d.) storming e.) forming

d.) storming

When the two newly hired analysts compared notes, they found that their interviews had been quite different. Each was long and involved, but the content of the questions varied based on previous employment and education. They confirmed that the company that hired them used ______ interviews. a.) structured b.) situational c.) behavioral-description d.) unstructured e.) standardized

d.) unstructured

Which of the following is most important for the team leader to encourage during the storming stage of group and team development? a.) empowerment among members b.) socializing among members c.) celebration of accomplishments d.) voicing of disagreements e.) completing the task

d.) voicing of disagreements

Workers who face discrimination in their jobs in the United States are best protected by ______ legislation. a.) compensation b.) small business c.) OSHA d.) labor e.) EEO

e.) EEO

______ consists of the activities that managers perform to plan for, attract, develop, and retain an effective workforce. a.) Arbitration b.) Formal appraisal c.) Human capital d.) Orientation e.) Human resource management

e.) Human resource management

________ is not included in the four major perspectives on motivation. a.) Content b.) Process c.) Job design d.) Reinforcement e.) Job satisfaction

e.) Job satisfaction

Which negative trait of some leaders is marked by a cynical view of human nature that condones opportunistic and unethical ways of manipulating people, putting results over principles? a.) glad-handing b.) narcissism c.) sociopathy d.) psychopathy e.) Machiavellianism

e.) Machiavellianism

______ focuses on clarifying employees' roles and task requirements and providing rewards and punishments contingent on performance. a.) Servant leadership b.) Empowering leadership c.) Participative management d.) Laissez-faire leadership e.) Transactional leadership

e.) Transactional leadership

According to expectancy theory, the three primary elements that determine how willing an employee is to work hard at tasks important to an organization are a.) existence, relatedness, and growth. b.) safety, esteem, and self-actualization. c.) achievement, affiliation, and power. d.) motivation, recognition, and hygiene. e.) expectancy, instrumentality, and valence.

e.) expectancy, instrumentality, and valence.

Medical knowledge possessed by doctors results in their ______ power. a.) reward b.) legitimate c.) coercive d.) referent e.) expert

e.) expert

A company dress code and award ceremonies would be part of a.) ethical codes. b.) a mission statement. c.) organization benefits. d.) core values. e.) observable artifacts.

e.) observable artifacts

Employers must consider an employment test's ______—that is, whether or not it measures what it purports to measure and is free of bias. a.) legitimacy b.) reliability c.) consistency d.) central tendency e.) validity

e.) validity