MGMT 391 CH2
Diversity can be a source of creativity and innovation that can create _____.
a competitive advantage
_____ reflects dissimilarity in an attitude or value, for example, especially with regards to group goals or processes.
Separation
Although White men make up the majority of the U.S. workforce, in some companies they are the _______ engaged in diversity efforts.
least
Men in groups made up mostly of women are ____________.
less attached to the group
Social categorization theory states that we sort ourselves and others into which of the following categories?
similar in-group members and dissimilar out-group members
Which of the following terms refers to members feeling that they are a core part of the group?
social integration
When you notice that someone is tall, what type of diversity are you noticing?
surface-level diversity
Race and gender are to relationship conflict as tenure and education level are to ______.
task conflict
______ refers to individual differences that cannot be seen directly, including goals, values, personalities, decision-making styles, knowledge, skills, abilities, and attitudes.
Deep-level diversity
_____ means differences in the concentration of valuable social assets or resources—dissimilarity in rank, pay, decision-making authority, or status, for example.
Disparity
____ refers to the variety of observable and unobservable similarities and differences among people.
Diversity
_______ allows monetary damages in cases of intentional employment discrimination.
The Civil Rights Act of 1991
Which of the following countries is highly individualistic?
The United States
The belief that one's own language, native country, and cultural rules and norms are superior to all others is called __________.
ethnocentrism
Which of the following terms is used to refer to separation based on the existence and strength of subgroups due to the composition and alignments of different group member characteristics?
faultlines
If employees perceive a direct threat to their career opportunities, they are likely to ___________.
feel the need to protect their own prospects by impeding the prospects of others
Research has found that group _______ is better than ________ in terms of affecting positive work-related behavior and attitudes.
homogeneity, heterogeneity
Which cultural dimension refers to how much society should encourage and reward kindness, fairness, generosity, and friendliness?
humane orientation
Which cultural dimension refers to how much pride and loyalty individuals should have for their family or organization?
in-group collectivism
Which of the following terms refers to the sense of being safe, valued, and engaged in a group?
inclusion
Cooperative group norms in diverse groups tend to _______ over time particularly when members communicate with and see each other more often.
increase
Time and group member contact can ______ the positive effects of diversity.
increase
Greater diversity is related to _____ social integration in work groups, which _____ turnover.
less, increases
Ensuring that the promotion process proactively identifies diverse candidates in the pipeline helps to prevent inadvertently_______________.
overlooking them
Reciprocal mentoring: matches _______ with __________ to allow both people to learn more about a different group
senior employees, diverse junior employees
Which of the following was a primary goal of the Global Leadership and Organizational Effectiveness (GLOBE) Research Program?
to develop societal and organizational measures of culture and leader attributes that are appropriate to use across all cultures
Being in the numerical minority in a group based on some unique characteristic and being assumed to fully represent that minority group is called a ____.
token
What is the most important element in effectively leveraging the positive potential of diversity?
top management support
Which of the following is an example of task conflict?
two co-workers arguing about an appropriate deadline for a project
Which of the following terms refers to the degree of anxiety people feel in uncertain or unfamiliar situations?
uncertainty avoidance
What level of the corporate ladder is least diverse?
uppermost leadership (i.e. CEO)
A team that has a marketing professional, a materials specialist, and an engineer represent what type of diversity?
variety
Although many managers view diversity as a benefit to their companies, researchers are more divided on the effects diversity has on _________.
workgroup performance
______ is a single group member's similarities to and differences from other group members.
Relational demography
Research has found that firm performance _____ when employees have more ____ attitudes toward diversity.
increases; positive
Which of the following terms refers to a change in the way groups integrate information and reconcile different perspectives?
information processing
Having more women in top management positively affects the performance of firms pursuing a/an _____ strategy.
innovation
Diverse groups are _____ able to provide for all of their members' needs and tend to have _____ integration and communication than do homogenous groups.
less, less
Because saving face is so important in ______, you will often hear "It's inconvenient" or "I'll look into it" instead of being told "no."
China
__________ can reduce the negative effects of task conflict and help teams better translate their diversity into greater innovation.
Collaborative problem solving
____ refers to the "invisible" characteristics in others that take more time to learn about, but can have a strong effect on group and organizational performance.
Deep-level diversity
_____ uncertainty avoidance (e.g., Greece, Portugal, and Uruguay) is associated with a need for structure, avoiding differences, and very formal business conduct governed by many rules, whereas a _______ uncertainty avoidance (e.g., Singapore, Jamaica, and Hong Kong) is characterized by an informal business culture, acceptance of risk, and more concern with long term strategy and performance than with daily events.
Higher, lower
_______ masculinity (e.g., Japan, Hungary, Slovakia) is reflected in a distinction between men's work and women's work while ________ masculinity (e.g., Denmark, Sweden, Norway) is reflected in equal employment opportunity and respect for successful and powerful women.
Higher, lower
______ refers to observable differences in people, including race, age, ethnicity, physical abilities, physical characteristics, and gender.
Surface-level diversity
_____ means differences in a certain type or category, including group members' expertise, knowledge, or functional background.
Variety
What is an expatriate?
a person temporarily or permanently living in a country other than that of legal residence
Which of the following is an example of relationship conflict?
a verbal attack on one employee's personal motives
The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics projects a dramatic increase in workers ____ during the next decade.
age 65 and older
Work teams are often age diverse and it is increasingly likely that _____.
an older employee will report to a younger supervisor
What is one of the more recent reasons that is important to have diversity in today's business world?
barriers that once separated the world's people are no longer there (for example, time, distance, or politics)
Everyone has biases whether they are aware of them or not---diversity training should enable employees to do which of the following?
become aware of them and learn to control them
Being of the same race as other workgroup members is associated with which of the following?
better perceptions of advancement opportunities
Which of the following terms refers to the ability to interact effectively with people of different cultures?
cultural competence
Task conflict probably has a ________ relationship with team performance and member satisfaction in that work teams do best under moderate levels of task conflict--too much or too little can hurt performance.
curvilinear
Diversity is much more than ____ and can reflect combinations of characteristics rather than a single attribute.
demographics
Which characteristic was shown to negatively impact leadership effectiveness across cultures?
dictatorial
Even though two countries are located near each other, such as Britain and Ireland, their societal cultures could be very __________due to differences in religion, language, politics, or other factors.
different
A team that has a CEO, vice president, and two mid-level managers on it would have which of the following types of diversity?
disparity
Diversity has the potential to enhance organizational performance, particularly for firms serving a _____ customer base.
diverse
To more effectively hire and retain diverse employees, it is important to be vigilant about first making sure that highly qualified job candidates are ______.
diverse
Women tend to perceive more competition in organizations that are ____________.
male-dominated
Lower-status organization members are often ____ self-conscious in the presence of higher-ranking members and are ____ likely to share their ideas or challenge the ideas of the higher-status members.
more, less
As voluntary efforts are made by companies to promote inclusion, members of groups who traditionally have been the predominant employees of a particular workforce or occupation may grow anxious or angry. This phenomenon demonstrates which of the following barriers to inclusion?
perceived threat of loss
Which of the following best reflects low individualism?
placing a high value on harmony rather than honesty, and an emphasis on intrinsic rewards
Which of the following terms refers to the degree of inequality that exists and that is accepted among people with and without power?
power distance
If you thought you were different from other people at work because of a lower pay rate, you would have the diversity perspective of _________.
relational demography
Which of the following terms refers to interpersonal conflict including personality clashes?
relationship conflict