MGMT 391 CH2

Diversity can be a source of creativity and innovation that can create _____.

a competitive advantage

_____ reflects dissimilarity in an attitude or value, for example, especially with regards to group goals or processes.

Separation

Although White men make up the majority of the U.S. workforce, in some companies they are the _______ engaged in diversity efforts.

least

Men in groups made up mostly of women are ____________.

less attached to the group

Social categorization theory states that we sort ourselves and others into which of the following categories?

similar in-group members and dissimilar out-group members

Which of the following terms refers to members feeling that they are a core part of the group?

social integration

When you notice that someone is tall, what type of diversity are you noticing?

surface-level diversity

Race and gender are to relationship conflict as tenure and education level are to ______.

task conflict

______ refers to individual differences that cannot be seen directly, including goals, values, personalities, decision-making styles, knowledge, skills, abilities, and attitudes.

Deep-level diversity

_____ means differences in the concentration of valuable social assets or resources—dissimilarity in rank, pay, decision-making authority, or status, for example.

Disparity

____ refers to the variety of observable and unobservable similarities and differences among people.

Diversity

_______ allows monetary damages in cases of intentional employment discrimination.

The Civil Rights Act of 1991

Which of the following countries is highly individualistic?

The United States

The belief that one's own language, native country, and cultural rules and norms are superior to all others is called __________.

ethnocentrism

Which of the following terms is used to refer to separation based on the existence and strength of subgroups due to the composition and alignments of different group member characteristics?

faultlines

If employees perceive a direct threat to their career opportunities, they are likely to ___________.

feel the need to protect their own prospects by impeding the prospects of others

Research has found that group _______ is better than ________ in terms of affecting positive work-related behavior and attitudes.

homogeneity, heterogeneity

Which cultural dimension refers to how much society should encourage and reward kindness, fairness, generosity, and friendliness?

humane orientation

Which cultural dimension refers to how much pride and loyalty individuals should have for their family or organization?

in-group collectivism

Which of the following terms refers to the sense of being safe, valued, and engaged in a group?

inclusion

Cooperative group norms in diverse groups tend to _______ over time particularly when members communicate with and see each other more often.

increase

Time and group member contact can ______ the positive effects of diversity.

increase

Greater diversity is related to _____ social integration in work groups, which _____ turnover.

less, increases

Ensuring that the promotion process proactively identifies diverse candidates in the pipeline helps to prevent inadvertently_______________.

overlooking them

Reciprocal mentoring: matches _______ with __________ to allow both people to learn more about a different group

senior employees, diverse junior employees

Which of the following was a primary goal of the Global Leadership and Organizational Effectiveness (GLOBE) Research Program?

to develop societal and organizational measures of culture and leader attributes that are appropriate to use across all cultures

Being in the numerical minority in a group based on some unique characteristic and being assumed to fully represent that minority group is called a ____.

token

What is the most important element in effectively leveraging the positive potential of diversity?

top management support

Which of the following is an example of task conflict?

two co-workers arguing about an appropriate deadline for a project

Which of the following terms refers to the degree of anxiety people feel in uncertain or unfamiliar situations?

uncertainty avoidance

What level of the corporate ladder is least diverse?

uppermost leadership (i.e. CEO)

A team that has a marketing professional, a materials specialist, and an engineer represent what type of diversity?

variety

Although many managers view diversity as a benefit to their companies, researchers are more divided on the effects diversity has on _________.

workgroup performance

______ is a single group member's similarities to and differences from other group members.

Relational demography

Research has found that firm performance _____ when employees have more ____ attitudes toward diversity.

increases; positive

Which of the following terms refers to a change in the way groups integrate information and reconcile different perspectives?

information processing

Having more women in top management positively affects the performance of firms pursuing a/an _____ strategy.

innovation

Diverse groups are _____ able to provide for all of their members' needs and tend to have _____ integration and communication than do homogenous groups.

less, less

Because saving face is so important in ______, you will often hear "It's inconvenient" or "I'll look into it" instead of being told "no."

China

__________ can reduce the negative effects of task conflict and help teams better translate their diversity into greater innovation.

Collaborative problem solving

____ refers to the "invisible" characteristics in others that take more time to learn about, but can have a strong effect on group and organizational performance.

Deep-level diversity

_____ uncertainty avoidance (e.g., Greece, Portugal, and Uruguay) is associated with a need for structure, avoiding differences, and very formal business conduct governed by many rules, whereas a _______ uncertainty avoidance (e.g., Singapore, Jamaica, and Hong Kong) is characterized by an informal business culture, acceptance of risk, and more concern with long term strategy and performance than with daily events.

Higher, lower

_______ masculinity (e.g., Japan, Hungary, Slovakia) is reflected in a distinction between men's work and women's work while ________ masculinity (e.g., Denmark, Sweden, Norway) is reflected in equal employment opportunity and respect for successful and powerful women.

Higher, lower

______ refers to observable differences in people, including race, age, ethnicity, physical abilities, physical characteristics, and gender.

Surface-level diversity

_____ means differences in a certain type or category, including group members' expertise, knowledge, or functional background.

Variety

What is an expatriate?

a person temporarily or permanently living in a country other than that of legal residence

Which of the following is an example of relationship conflict?

a verbal attack on one employee's personal motives

The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics projects a dramatic increase in workers ____ during the next decade.

age 65 and older

Work teams are often age diverse and it is increasingly likely that _____.

an older employee will report to a younger supervisor

What is one of the more recent reasons that is important to have diversity in today's business world?

barriers that once separated the world's people are no longer there (for example, time, distance, or politics)

Everyone has biases whether they are aware of them or not---diversity training should enable employees to do which of the following?

become aware of them and learn to control them

Being of the same race as other workgroup members is associated with which of the following?

better perceptions of advancement opportunities

Which of the following terms refers to the ability to interact effectively with people of different cultures?

cultural competence

Task conflict probably has a ________ relationship with team performance and member satisfaction in that work teams do best under moderate levels of task conflict--too much or too little can hurt performance.

curvilinear

Diversity is much more than ____ and can reflect combinations of characteristics rather than a single attribute.

demographics

Which characteristic was shown to negatively impact leadership effectiveness across cultures?

dictatorial

Even though two countries are located near each other, such as Britain and Ireland, their societal cultures could be very __________due to differences in religion, language, politics, or other factors.

different

A team that has a CEO, vice president, and two mid-level managers on it would have which of the following types of diversity?

disparity

Diversity has the potential to enhance organizational performance, particularly for firms serving a _____ customer base.

diverse

To more effectively hire and retain diverse employees, it is important to be vigilant about first making sure that highly qualified job candidates are ______.

diverse

Women tend to perceive more competition in organizations that are ____________.

male-dominated

Lower-status organization members are often ____ self-conscious in the presence of higher-ranking members and are ____ likely to share their ideas or challenge the ideas of the higher-status members.

more, less

As voluntary efforts are made by companies to promote inclusion, members of groups who traditionally have been the predominant employees of a particular workforce or occupation may grow anxious or angry. This phenomenon demonstrates which of the following barriers to inclusion?

perceived threat of loss

Which of the following best reflects low individualism?

placing a high value on harmony rather than honesty, and an emphasis on intrinsic rewards

Which of the following terms refers to the degree of inequality that exists and that is accepted among people with and without power?

power distance

If you thought you were different from other people at work because of a lower pay rate, you would have the diversity perspective of _________.

relational demography

Which of the following terms refers to interpersonal conflict including personality clashes?

relationship conflict