MGMT exam 3

True or False: Maslow's hierarchy of need argues that lower order needs (such as the need for food and shelter) must be met before higher order needs (such as self-actualization can be accessed.

True

True or False: One of the major hurdles faced in the "unfreezing" step of organizational change is complacency.

True

True or False: Information overload and inadequate information can both serve as barriers to effective communication.

True

the intentional use of influence in ways not endorsed by the organization

organizational politics

Negative reinforcement is when you...

remove a negative stimulus to increase likelihood of a behavior

True or False: According to lecture and your text, total organizational change should be used only as a last resort because it is costly and time-intensive.

True

This theory suggest that employee actions stem from consideration of their choices and alternatives, including (but not limited to) valence and instrumentality

expectancy theory

communication from higher levels of the organization to lower levels

downward communication

the process of getting others to do what we want

influence

communication from a sender to a receiver with no opportunity for comment

one-way communication

A personal skill that is very important in the situational approaches to leadership is the ability to...

perceive the needs and goals of others and adjust your leadership approach accordingly.

Based on the work of Skinner, this theory outlines how to increase desired behaviors

reinforcement theory

Task identity is...

the completion of a whole, identifiable piece of work

Communication within the same level of an organization

horizontal communication

leaders' effectiveness depends on their characteristics and actions, but it also depends on the context

situational leadership theory

A leadership perspective that focuses on individual leaders and attempts to determine the personal characteristics that leaders share is referred to as the...

trait approach

leaders have a certain set of characteristics that make them suited for leadership

trait leadership theory

communication where the receiver responds to the sender and the sender is receptive to the receiver's input

two-way communication

The model typically used for organizational change consists of...

unfreezing, moving, and refreezing

communication from lower levels of the organization to higher levels

upward communication

3 dimensions that impact situational control

- task structure - leader-member relationships - leader position power

leaders engage in a set of actions that make them effective

behavioral leadership theory

What are two characteristics of a "good" goal (according to research and lecture)?

- It is attainable - It is measurable

What are the three needs that must be met in order for an employee to have intrinsic motivation?

- competence - autonomy - relatedness

What is the difference between performance-oriented leader behaviors vs. group maintenance (also called relationship-motivated) leader behaviors?

- performance-oriented leaders focus more on the overall effectiveness on their subordinates and figures out what works and what doesn't - group maintenance is more focused on the overall morale and being of subordinates

True or False: Providing a positive reward for a behavior will NEVER decrease intrinsic motivation for that behavior.

False

True or False: Vroom's model of leadership highlights the maturity of a manager's followers as a key situational factor influencing leadership effectiveness.

False

Eva and Brendan disagree sharply about a proposed solution because their backgrounds have given them radically different perspectives. This is an example of...

cognitive conflict

The key element of effective teamwork is...

commitment to a common purpose

Individual power...

is the result of personal characteristics

This theory argues that the nature of the job itself combined with an employee's experience of the job predicts employee motivation.

job characteristics model

Which of the following is NOT a barrier to effective communication as outlined in lecture?

lack of trust

leadership has to do with individual relationships with subordinates

leader-member exchange theory

When Linda, a manager in a department store, tells someone to do something and refers to the fact that she is the boss and therefore the other person must do as asked, she is trying to use __________ to influence the other person's behavior.

legitimate power

What is richness of a communication medium?

the amount of cues that are able to be communicated ex. face-to-face communication is high in richness