mgmt TEST 1

The role of a(n) ________ is a type of informational role according to Mintzberg's classification of managerial roles.

Disseminator

Workforce diversity refers to how organizations are becoming more homogeneous in terms of gender, race, and ethnicity

False

Emotions can turn into moods when one loses focus on the event or object that started the feeling.

TRUE

A person who is made fun of because he is an Arab-American is being subjected to ________, a kind of discrimination in work environments.

mockery

The theory of cognitive dissonance was proposed by ________

Leon Festinger

Disengaged employees have a tendency to invest time but not energy or attention into their work

TRUE

According to Mintzberg's classification of managerial roles, the role of a(n) ________ is to transmit information received from outsiders or from other employees to members of the organization.

Disseminator

Johanna Rouse feels disheartened because she was not selected for the campaign exchange program in Amsterdam. Which component of an attitude does Rouse's feeling represent?

Affective

________ refers to a model which suggests that workplace events cause emotional reactions on the part of employees, which then influence workplace attitudes and behaviors

Affective events theory

Ashley Madison works as a receptionist at a fashion magazine. One morning, her boss walks into the office and yells at her, telling her that the front office is a mess and she needs to clean it immediately. After her boss leaves the room, Madison goes to the front office and violently slams trash into the bin. Which of the following best describes Madison's anger?

An emotion

Which of the following is an example of internally caused behavior?

An employee was fired because he violated company policy

Which of the following is one of the six essentially universal emotions agreed on by a majority of researchers?

Anger

Jonathan Cowan is upset because he was passed over for a promotion he had really worked hard for. In response to his anger toward the manager and the company, he has started gossiping about the manager with his colleagues and assigning blame on him unnecessarily. Jonathan's behavior is an example of ________

Deviant workplace behaviors

________ refers to evaluative statements or judgments concerning objects, people, or events.

Attitude

________ explains the ways in which we judge people differently, depending on the meaning we assign to a given behavior

Attribution behavior

Raylon Inc. needs to hire a new floor supervisor. As the company has recently made an effort to increase diversity within the organization, the HR team wants to hire a qualified female candidate for the role instead of adequately qualified male candidates. However, top management insists that optimal performance is the top priority and that the candidate hired should be the person best suited for the job. Which of the following, if true, would most strengthen HR's case for hiring the female candidate?

Both candidates have the qualifications required to perform up to expectations

Abigail Jones is a sales executive at Orbit Bank in Brussels. She is the best performer on her team and often gets the highest number of corporate accounts for the company. However, she feels that she does not get sufficient credit for her hard work. During lunch, she says to her colleague, "I have been getting the largest accounts for the bank for the past eight months. Yet, my manager never acknowledges the kind of effort I put in to get these accounts." Which component of attitude is being demonstrated by Jones?

Cognitive component

Joann Hayes is currently working on a project to tackle climate change. During the project, she needs to find different options to replace the use of non-renewable energy and check the feasibility of different renewable energy options before choosing the most practical one. Which of the following skills does Hayes primarily need to use for these tasks?

Conceptual skills

Attribution theory suggests that when we observe an individual's behavior, we attempt to determine whether it was internally or externally caused. That determination, however, depends largely on three factors. Which of the following is one of these three factors?

Consistency

The exit-voice-loyalty-neglect framework aids in understanding the consequences of ________.

Dissatisfaction

According to Fred Luthans and his associates, managers involved in traditional management activities undertook which of the following tasks?

Decision making

________ diversity refers to diversity with respect to attributes that are less easy to observe initially but that can be inferred after more direct experience.

Deep level

A situation in which an employee expresses organizationally desired emotions during interpersonal transactions at work is known as ________.

Emotional labor

Johanna Godfrey works as a guest relations executive at a five star deluxe hotel in Washington. During the course of her job, she needs to greet and smile at guests irrespective of her state of mind. In addition, when any guest faces problems, she needs to be calm and composed and help resolve issues. This shows that Johanna's job requires ________.

Emotional labor

Which of the following is a characteristic of emotions?

Emotions are a reaction to a person or event

Which of the following is true according to the affective events theory?

Employees react emotionally to events at work, which affect their job performance and satisfaction

According to Mintzberg's classification of managerial roles, a(n) ________ searches the organization and its environment for opportunities and initiates projects to bring about change

Entreprenur

Differences in ________ indicate surface-level diversity. A) personality B) values C) style of work D) ethnicity E) attitudes

Ethnicity

Jill Ivey has been working as a sales executive at Orbit Bank for the last two years. However, she has noticed that she is often not given an opportunity to attend training programs that her team members attend every quarter. She also is disappointed about the fact that she never gets to handle corporate clients, which provides better chances of a promotion. Which of the following kinds of discrimination is she most likely to have been subjected to?

Exclusion

________, which may occur intentionally or unintentionally, refers to keeping certain people in a work place away from job opportunities, social events, discussions, or informal mentoring.

Exclusion

Activities that are formal or sedentary are more strongly associated with increases in positive mood than activities that are physical, informal, or epicurean

FALSE

Asking employees how they feel about key elements in a job and then adding the results to create an overall job satisfaction score is the single global rating approach to job satisfaction

FALSE

Emotions tend to last for several days, for a much longer time period than moods

FALSE

Job involvement measures the degree to which people identify psychologically with the organization's mission and vision.

FALSE

Moods are usually accompanied by distinct facial expressions

FALSE

Negative affect is a mood dimension consisting of nervousness, stress, and anxiety at the high end and relaxation, tranquility, and poise at the low end.

FALSE

The single global rating approach to measuring job satisfaction is more sophisticated than the summation of job facets approach

FALSE

The tendency for individuals to attribute their own successes to internal factors and put the blame for failures on external factors is known as the confirmation bias

FALSE

The tendency to believe falsely, after an outcome of an event is actually known, that one would have accurately predicted that outcome is known as the confirmation bias

FALSE

A person suffering from alcoholism is not classified as disabled according to the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, as alcoholism is self-induced.

False

Federal law in the United States prohibits discrimination against employees based on sexual orientation.

False

In the current competitive workplace, technical skills are the only skills that managers require to be successful.

False

There is a strong correlation between intelligence and job satisfaction.

False

According to Henry Mintzberg, a factory supervisor giving a group of high school students a tour of the plant may be termed as a ________.

Figurehead

Which of the following is most likely to be related to reduced absences and lower resignation rates?

High job involvment

The ability to understand, communicate with, motivate, and support other people, both individually and in groups, may be defined as ________.

Human Skills

Which of the following does cognitive dissonance indicate between two or more attitudes or between behavior and attitudes?

Incompatibility

Robert Springer woke up in the morning and felt a sense of joy and peace as he got ready for work. At work, though challenges came his way, he tackled them without getting stressed about them. This feeling lasted for several days that week. What is one of the reasons that Springer's feeling can be categorized as a mood and not as an emotion?

It is prolonged in nature

When Ariana Winter is told that her dog has been killed by a car, she feels deeply saddened. Her feelings are then overcome by a surge of anger at the car driver. However, minutes later, she is able to laugh and talk about the good memories spent with her pet. What is one of the reasons that Winter's reaction can be categorized as an emotion?

It lasted for a brief time period

Which of the following is true with respect to workplace discrimination?

It may lead to reduced workplace productivity and citizenship behavior

Which of the following is true with respect to surface-level diversity?

It refers to differences in easily perceived characteristics such as gender and race

The degree to which a person identifies with his or her job, actively participates in it, and considers his or her performance as being important to self-worth is referred to as ________

Job involvement

Julie recently joined a youth center as a counselor who provides support services for teenage mothers. An important part of her job involves referring pregnant teenagers to abortion clinics, should they decide to avail of such services. This aspect of her work, however, conflicts with her religious beliefs. Her manager, Kyle, is aware of this and expects her to submit her resignation at any time, but Julie continues to carry out her duties in a sincere manner and shows no signs of quitting her job. Which of the following best explains this situation?

Julie has accepted that people have the freedom of choice

Which of the following actions best represents Kelly's high job involvement?

Kelly actively takes part in team activities and takes up additional job responsibilities

Ellen Ortiz works as a sales manager at a telecom firm. The company has recently launched a new product in the market. Her work in the next few weeks involves sharing knowledge about the product with her team members. She will also need to inspire them to reach their sales targets and clarify any doubts about the new product. Which of the following roles is Ortiz playing?

Leader

According to Mintzberg's classification of managerial roles, which of the following is a kind of interpersonal role?

Liaison

Regina George works as a campaign manager in a not-for-profit organization in Hampshire. For the upcoming campaign against genetic engineering, she is networking with managers who are working on the issue of food safety. Through her network of contacts, she strives to gain information about the stakeholders in the food industry and other lobby groups. Which of the following roles is George most likely to be playing according to Mintzberg's classification of managerial roles?

Liason

Megan Cardova, who works as a sales executive at Orbit Bank, has been failing to meet her sales targets for the last 10 months. Recently, she had a face-to-face discussion with her manager where she said that the unrealistic targets were the reason for her underperformance. The manager, however, noticed that all the other team members were achieving their targets and sometimes were even achieving more than the set numbers. Which of the following is Cardova's behavior most likely to be characterized as according to the attribution theory?

Low consencus

According to the attribution theory, if a behavior scores ________, we tend to attribute it to internal causes

Low on distinctiveness

Which of the following is an example of an uplifting event according to the affective events theory?

Meeting a projected milestone

Melissa Woods was recently hired as the campaign manager at an environmental organization. She has a degree in environmental sustainability and possesses substantial knowledge about the issue of global warming. She has the knowledge to lead the public relations team of the organization. However, a few months later, the board of directors of the organization expressed dissatisfaction with Melissa's performance and asked her to resign. Which of the following, if true, best explains this situation?

Melissa had weak interpersonal and networking skills

Stacy Hanes is an African-American woman who has recently taken her first job and does not seem to like the work environment at all. Her colleagues put down her ideas at team meetings and refer to them as "stupid." In addition, they make fun of her race and often ask her if she is educated enough to work for the company. Which of the following kinds of discrimination is Hanes most likely subject to?

Mockery

Annette Simpson works for a fashion house in Paris and is preparing for the company's upcoming line of winter clothing. She is currently researching online to know what is in vogue this season. In addition, she is also networking with contacts from the press and fashion magazine editors to understand the changing tastes of consumers. Which of the following roles is Simpson playing according to Mintzberg's classification of managerial roles?

Monitor

________ are cognitive in nature, have an unclear, general cause, and last for several hours or days.

Moods

According to Fred Luthans and his associates' study of 450 managers, ________ made the largest contribution to the success of managers in terms of speed of promotion within their organization.

Networking

High levels of both job involvement and psychological empowerment are positively related to ________.

Organizational citinzship

Which of the following is most likely to be experienced during a positivity offset?

Relaxation

According to Mintzberg's classification of managerial roles, the role of a(n) ________ is to make or approve significant organizational decisions and assign human, physical, and monetary assets

Resource allocator

Which of the following is the best example of mockery as a tool of discriminatory treatment in organizations?

Rifka's supervisor often stereotypes Rifka because of her ethnic heritage and makes jokes about her ethnicity.

11) The role of a(n) ________, according to Mintzberg's classification of managerial roles, is to transmit information to outsiders about an organization's plans, policies, actions, and results and to serve as an expert in the organization's industry.

Spokesperson

________ diversity refers to diversity in observable attributes such as race, ethnicity, sex, and age.

Surface level

As we get older, we experience fewer negative emotions

TRUE

Poor or reduced sleep impairs decision making and makes it difficult to control emotions.

TRUE

Stereotyping helps individuals make quick decision through generalizations.

TRUE

Erin Corbett works at a software company and is in charge of the help desk. A short while ago, she received a call from a discontented customer about a problem he is facing due to the company's software. Though she tried to help the customer with the software, he refused to listen to her. He continued yelling at her and finally banged the phone down. Corbett feels exasperated after hanging up the phone and goes for a cup of coffee to calm herself down. What makes Corbett's anger an emotion, rather than a mood?

The anger has a contexual stimulus

With reference to cognitive dissonance, in which of the following situations is the attitude-behavior relationship most likely to be strong?

The attitudes refers to something with which the person has direct experience

Which of the following statements is true about measuring job satisfaction?

The single global rating system is not very time consuming.

Which of the following statements represents the cognitive component of attitude?

This job is not giving me an opportunity to explore my skills

An organization is a consciously coordinated social unit composed of two or more people.

True

The planning function involves defining an organization's goals and establishing an overall strategy for achieving those goals.

True

Which of the following explains why the relationship between age and job performance is likely to be of increasing importance during the next decade?

US legislation in effect outlaws mandatory retirement

A difference in ________ would indicate deep-level diversity.

Values

________ refers to the heterogeneity of organizations in terms of gender, age, race, ethnicity, sexual orientation, and inclusion of other diverse groups.

Workforce diversity

People often behave in ways that violate established norms and threaten the organization, its members, or both. Such actions are called ________

Workplace deviant behaviors

According to the attribution theory, which of the following behaviors is most likely to be attributed to an external cause?

a behavior that scores high on consencus

Leon Festinger argued that ________ follow(s) ________

attitudes; behavior

The statement, "A person who eats meat and then fights for animal rights demonstrates double standards" is an evaluative statement. Such an opinion constitutes the ________ component of an attitude.

cognitive

The tendency to seek out information that reaffirms past choices and to discount information that contradicts past judgments is known as a(n) ________ bias

confirmation

According to the attribution theory, if everyone who faces a similar situation responds in the same way, we can say the behavior shows ________

consensus

If a person responds to a particular situation in the same way over a long time period, then the attribution theory states that the behavior demonstrates ________

consistency

According to the attribution theory, ________ is one the three main factors which attempt to determine an individual's behavior

distinctiveness

With reference to the attribution theory, which of the following terms indicates the extent to which an individual displays different behaviors in different situations?

distinctiveness

Johanna Springer, who works as a sales executive at Pascal's Bank, is upset at the way her manager, Emma Womack, always calls her in for one-on-one meetings to discuss her underperformance. Though Springer makes a higher number of sales calls and works longer hours than last year, her sales figures are still low. She knows that the main reason behind her underperformance is the recent economic meltdown in the country. However, her manager feels that Springer's underperformance is the result of her laid-back attitude and has nothing to do with external factors. In this situation, Womack's behavior is characterized by a(n) ________

fundamental attribution theory

Which of the following terms best describes the tendency to underestimate the influence of external factors and overestimate the influence of internal factors when making judgments about the behavior of others?

fundamental attribution theory

Janice Yoder works in an environmental campaigning organization and often needs to interact with a large team for project implementation activities. However, she always finds it difficult to work as a part of a team. She always seems to have major disagreements with team members which lead to antagonistic relations between them. Though she has moved from one team to another, her relations with colleagues always seem to be hostile and cold. How would the attribution theory describe this behavior?

high on consistency

Janice is late for work each day by about ten minutes. How would attribution theory describe this behavior?

it shows consistency

Samantha is never late for work, but last Monday she arrived an hour late because of heavy traffic. According to the attribution theory, Samantha's behavior on that day scores ________.

low on consistency

Henry Hutchins is discontent with his job but believes that his supervisor is a good man who will do whatever is necessary to reduce his dissatisfaction with the job. He has decided to just wait and give his supervisor some time until conditions improve. Henry's response to this problem is termed as ________

loyalty

Which of the following is an example of deviant workplace behavior?

sabotaging an organization's computers

A manager believes that he should not hire older workers because they can't learn new skills. This belief is an example of ________

sterotyping