MGT 315 Exam 3 Q's

In distributive bargaining, when one person gains, the other person loses. This is also known as a ______ condition. -competing -negotiated -substitute -zero-sum -win-win

zero-sum

____________ is the tendency for people to base their judgments on information that is easier to recall. -Fundamental attribution error -Social identity theory -Availability bias -Stereotyping -Satisficing

availability bias

Moods can be categorized by -feelings and schemas. -classical conditioning and operant conditioning. -cognition and affect. -pleasantness and activation. -emotions and cognition.

pleasantness and activation

Claire has built her company by giving special attention to details. She is highly meticulous and demanding and often imposes her decisions on subordinates. Claire makes use of the _____ style of decision making. -autocratic -consultative -transformational -participative -delegative

autocratic

Which of the following is an example of a strain? -Sylvia leaves her waitressing shift early many days in a row as a result of low customer turnout. -Amrita develops insomnia while trying meet the deadline to sequencing a new gene. -Dario clocks in late to his retail sales job after a night of partying. -Vandaya works a second job to save up money for college. -Ahmed sits alone on his lunch hour and reads a book.

Amrita develops insomnia while trying meet the deadline to sequencing a new gene

Which of the following statements is true about the effects of stressors? -Hindrance stressors have a strong negative effect on job performance. -Hindrance stressors have a moderate negative effect on organizational commitment. -Challenge stressors have a strong negative relationship with job performance. -Employees who experience higher levels of challenge stressors also tend to have lower levels of job performance. -Challenge stressors have a moderate positive relationship with organizational commitment

Challenge stressors have a moderate positive relationship with organizational commitment

Which of the following statements is true regarding social support? -Social support refers to the support that occurs outside the stress-causing environment. -Social support refers to the level of financial security that an individual receives from government-managed social work programs. -Social support is classified into two types: emotional support and cognitive support. -Most research on social support focuses on the ways that social support buffers the relationship between stressors and strains. -Social support cannot directly influence the stress process.

Most research on social support focuses on the ways that social support buffers the relationship between stressors and strains.

When a third party determines a binding settlement to a dispute, this is known as -mediation. -arbitration. -integration. -distribution. -competition.

arbitration

Chris is an attorney working with a married couple seeking damages from a builder who failed to complete their home according to contract and left them with several structural and cosmetic issues. The couple are demanding $250,000, as well as an apology. In order to best help them, Chris needs to -explain that he will do the best job he can for them. -help his clients understand that the apology is unnecessary. -ask his clients the least amount they would be willing to accept from the builder. -look into the builder's financial assets to see if he can afford to pay more than $250,000. -give them a detailed accounting of everything that could possibly go wrong in the negotiations.

ask his clients the least amount they would be willing to accept from the builder

BATNA describes each negotiator's -wish list. -negatives. -bottom line. -bargaining style. -arbitration technique.

bottom line

The notion that decision makers simply do not have the ability or resources to process all available information and alternatives to make an optimal decision is known as -intuition. -satisficing. -bounded rationality. -social identity theory. -the rational decision-making model.

bounded rationality

Because it tends to result in negative feelings toward those that wield it, ______ power is generally regarded as a poor form of power to use regularly. -expert -reward -referent -coercive -legitimate

coercive

The style of conflict resolution generally regarded as the most effective is -avoiding -competing -compromise -collaboration -accommodating

collaboration

In the case of _____ leadership, the leader promises rewards in exchange for adequate performance. -laissez-faire -transactional -transformational -contingent reward -active management-by-exception

contingent reward

Researchers found two particular limitations to trait theory and therefore started looking more at "what leaders do" rather than "who leaders are." The two limitations were that (a) traits had less practical relevance than leader actions and (b) -correlations between leader traits and leader effectiveness were weak. -researchers had identified all the relevant traits, so more research would be unnecessary. -the government stopped funding the research. -transformational leaders had different traits than other leaders. -leader traits had no relationship to dyadic leadership.

correlations between leader traits and leader effectiveness were weak

______ is a win-lose negotiation over a "fixed pie" of resources -alternative dispute resolution -closing and commitment -exchanging information -distributive bargaining -integrative bargaining

distributive bargaining

Looking for the positive in the negative, and avoiding, distancing, and ignoring are examples of -problem-focused cognitive coping strategies. -problem-focused behavior coping strategies. -emotion-focused cognitive coping strategies. -primary cognitive coping strategies. -primary behavior coping strategies.

emotion-focused cognitive coping strategies

Shari works at a fast-food restaurant, which requires her always to be cheerful even when customers are rude or impatient. Shari's job involves a large amount of -emotional labor -deactivated moods -emotional contagion -mood swings -flow immersion

emotional labor

_____________ is when we attribute our failures to external factors and our successes to internal factors. -The ratio bias effect -The self-serving bias -The gambler’s fallacy -Escalation of commitment -The fundamental attribution error

gamblers fallacy

When a worker comes late to the work site, others are likely to make an external attribution under conditions of -high consensus, low distinctiveness, and high consistency. -high consensus, high distinctiveness, and low consistency. -low consensus, high distinctiveness, and high consistency. -low consensus, low distinctiveness, and high consistency. -low consensus, low distinctiveness, and low consistency.

high consensus, high distinctiveness, and low consistency

Which of the following characteristics is most closely related to leader effectiveness? -low agreeableness -high conscientiousness -high introversion -low neuroticism -high openness to experience

high openness to experience

Shawn, Thu, Rei, and Heather are managers working at PureDrop, a bottled water manufacturing company. They each supervise groups of employees who are very different from each other. From a readiness point of view, it can be said that Shawn's group is able but unwilling, Thu's unit is both able and willing, Rei's is neither able nor willing, and Heather's is not able but highly willing to take on the responsibilities. Rei's optimal behavior to deal with her group's readiness should be characterized by _____ initiating structure and _____ consideration. -moderate; low -low; high -low; moderate -high; high -moderate; moderate

high; high

Which of the following statements is true about life satisfaction? -Job satisfaction has little effect on life satisfaction. -It is the degree to which employees feel a sense of happiness with customers. -Research shows that life satisfaction is one of the strongest predictors of job satisfaction. -Increases in job satisfaction have a stronger impact on life satisfaction than do increases in salary. -If we want to feel better about our jobs, we need to find a way to be more satisfied with our lives.

increases in job satisfaction have a stronger impact on life satisfaction than do increases in salary

Jackson’s boss, Samira, is excited about a new project management system she learned about at a weekend seminar, which purports to increase accountability and efficiency by 30 percent. She bought it for the office and hired a trainer to teach everyone in the office how to use it. What dimension of dayto-day leadership is Samira demonstrating? -innovation -consideration -initiating structure -test-marketing -group consensus

initiating structure

Involving the use of problem solving and mutual respect to achieve an outcome that’s satisfying for both parties, ______ is aimed at accomplishing a win-win scenario. -exchanging information -distributive bargaining -integrative bargaining -substitutability -negotiation

integrative bargaining

_____ involves behaving in ways that challenge followers to be innovative and creative by questioning assumptions and reframing old situations in new ways. -Laissez-faire leadership -Inspirational motivation -Transactional leadership -Intellectual stimulation -Individualized consideration

intellectual stimulation

Research shows that the differences between experts and novices are almost always a function of -learning. -intuition. -expertise. -intelligence. -distinctiveness.

learning

In the leader-member exchange theory, the _____ exchange dyad is marked by a limited exchange of information, influence, latitude, support, and attention. -participating -low-quality -intrinsic -high-quality -extrinsic

low-quality

Power and influence have a _____ effect on job performance and organizational commitment. -moderate negative -moderate positive -strong negative -strong positive -weak positive

moderate positive

People with a performance-avoid orientation focus on demonstrating their competence so that -others will think favorably of them. -others will not think poorly of them. -they will think favorably of themselves. -they will not think poorly of themselves. -they will not cause others to think poorly of themselves.

others will not think poorly of them

Kazue works in a department store. She has noticed that several of her coworkers avoid interacting with customers, take a lot of smoke breaks, and leave their sales areas messy and disorganized. When she discusses the situation with her manager, Rob, he says he will do something about it, but he does not. In fact, nothing changes until several customers file complaints in the space of a single week, at which point Rob takes disciplinary measures toward two of his employees. Rob is demonstrating -laissez-faire leadership. -transactional leadership. -contingent reward leadership. -active management-by-exception. -passive management-by-exception

passive management-by-exception

Matthew won the race for student council president partly due to a pledge that he would get the school to put in a swimming pool. It was a big thing to promise, but he knew that the school system had recently had a large influx of tax dollars and that the money is there; he just needs to win over the powers that be. First, he has to get his school principal on his side, and together they will go to the board of education. The principal, Ms. Wetherby, is new to the school system, and other than simply meeting her, he has had few interactions with her. In his meeting with Ms. Wetherby, the best approach for Matthew is to -talk to her about how exciting it would be to be to have a pool. -let her know about all the coaches, teachers, and students he has on his side. -compliment her leadership and let her know that he sees her as capable and competent. -present her with data showing that the pool is not only needed but also affordable and practical. -explain that the student body is motivated and could make things difficult if they do not get their way.

present her with data showing that the pool is not only needed but also affordable and practical

Lupe is the assistant editor at the Voice of Today, an online publication. With recent increased readership, the editorial committee had decided to move up the deadline for article submissions to eight hours. This move was not welcomed by the junior writers and editors. Lupe, though unhappy with the decision, faces the problem head on and choses to cope by working faster and harder. This is an example of ______ coping. -emotion-focused behavior -problem-focused behavior -fear-focused cognitive -anxiety-focused cognitive -stress-focused behavior

problem-focused behavior

Kate's firm does marketing research studies for film production companies, and this week they showed carefully selected test audiences a soon-to-be released blockbuster called Love, Explosions, and Laughter. Afterward they presented participants with a series of questions, including one that asked them to rate their favorite movie of all time. Production company executives were thrilled to see that viewers rated Love, Explosions, and Laughter higher than such classics as Citizen Kane and The Wizard of Oz, but most likely the reason for this was a decision-making bias known as -representativeness. -anchoring. -framing. -recency. -contrast.

recency

_____ refers to a work hindrance stressor that occurs when the number of demanding roles a person holds is so high that the person simply cannot perform some or all of the roles very effectively. -Time pressure -Daily hassle -Role overload -Role ambiguity -Role conflict

role overload

________ defines the tendency of people to see their environment only as it affects them and as it is consistent with their expectations. -Social identity theory -Selective perception -Self-serving bias -Projection bias -Consensus

selective perception

The dean of the college of arts and sciences held a mixer last night, but was dismayed to see that rather than mixing, the students tended to split off into groups by major: arts and humanities students there, students majoring in the natural sciences there, and social-science majors over there. This is an example of ______ in action. -fundamental attribution error -communities of practice -social identity theory -climate for transfer -self-serving bias

social identity theory

Although it is not easily communicated, ______ knowledge could very well be the most important aspect of what we learn in organizations. -nonprogrammed -intuitive -heuristic -explicit -tacit

tacit

Which of these is a work challenge stressor? -time pressure -daily hassles -role overload -role ambiguity -role conflict

time pressure

_____ leadership involves inspiring followers to commit to a shared vision that provides meaning to their work while also serving as a role model who helps followers develop their own potential and view problems from new perspectives. -Management-by-exception -Contingent reward -Transactional -Laissez-faire -Transformational

transformational