MGT 3305 Rogers Test Questions

A moral point of view refers to: A. a framework of values we use to develop our internally consistent and logically justified principles and standards of right and wrong. B. the innate or developed capability to recognize, manage, and exercise emotions in relationships. C. The uncomfortable mental state we experienced if our behavior does not fit our perceptions or deeper beliefs D. a perspective that promotes a balance between the human and ecological concerns in all the efforts of an organization

A

A political method of decision making is appropriate when: A. goal consensus is low B. Available knowledge is low C. there is an absence of intense debate. D. there are no competing goals

A

Adam Smith used the __________ metaphor to discuss how action in one's self interest might benefit the whole community. A. Invisible hand B. Virtuous arm C. Ambitious legs D. Wise mind

A

Jordan knows two smokers who have lived to be over 90 years old. He figures that smoking cannot be that bad for you, because it didn't affect the health of those two people. This is an example of: A. Availability bias B. Halo/horn bias C. Representative bias D. Anchoring bias

A

Mark is a telemarketing executive. He feels he is getting a lower salary than other employees, who are performing a similar role. Hence, he quits his job for a better offer in a larger company. Mark's actions are an attempt to _____. A. increase his perceived equity B. increase his valence C. reduce his expectancy D. increase his instrumentality

A

People evaluate equity by: A. calculating a ratio of inputs to outcomes. B. deciding on an action plan to achieve desired results. C. setting challenging goals. D. attaching a high value to an outcome.

A

The _____ approach emphasizes organizational activities that contribute to multiple forms of well-being (financial, social, ecological, and spiritual) for a broad range of stakeholders. A. sustainable OB B. stakeholder's C. conventional OB D. traditional

A

The _____ model specifies how to increase the motivational potential of a job by improving the meaningfulness, autonomy, and feedback associated with the job. A. job characteristics B. managerial grid C. multidimensional D. job contingency

A

The field of organizational behavior is based on: A. Empirical Study B. Philosophy C. Simple Logical Analysis D. Common Sense

A

The need for affiliation implies that people are motivated by: A. bonding and connection with others. B. reducing perceived inequity. C. the instrumentality of their actions. D. increased self-efficacy.

A

When the information known to others is very small compared to what is known to self, which is a likely outcome? A. Difficulty building trust B. Greater authenticity C. Increased trust D. More effective leadership

A

Which is not a cost of having poorly motivated workers? A. higher childcare expenses B. increased work absences C. higher job turnover D. lower overall productivity

A

Which is not a good strategy for a bargaining session? A. Get the other to offer first, so you can counter effectively B. Make larger concessions later in the negotiation C. Know your reservation point D. Have some other alternative to this negotiation

A

Which is true of the motivational systems in place at SAS? A. They are estimated to save the company $85 million a year. B. They emphasize pay for performance as a healthy motivational tool. C. The average employee willingly works extra time as a result. D.They cost the company an estimated $40 million a year.

A

Which of the following is a personality inventory based on Carl Jung's work on psychological types? A. Myers-Briggs Type Indicator B. David W. Keirsey Temperament Sorter C. Riso-Hudson Enneagram Type Indicator D. Macdonald Triad E. Big Five personality perspective sorter

A

Which of the following is a result of work-family conflicts? A. Limited advancement B. High work performance C. Higher job satisfaction D. Lower anxiety levels

A

Which of the following statements is true of integrative negotiation? A. It encourages parties to generate more options that will satisfy the most important goals of everyone involved. B. It assumes there is a limited amount of resources that must be divided because people have competing interests. C. It involves the use of rational persuasion to achieve an outcome, particularly getting personal interests satisfied. D.It holds one of the involved parties accountable for the outcome of the negotiations.

A

Which of these strategies is likely to aid in good decision making? A. Ask fir dissenting opinions B. Increase your team member's confidence in their success C. Have the boss begin by stating her opinion D. None of the above

A

With regard to subjective effects on employee appraisals, an initial poor impression being weighed too highly in an appraisal is a typical example of a(n) _____. A. Anchoring and adjustment bias B. Halo/horn bias C. Representativeness bias D. Availability bias

A

________ refers to the unique and relatively stable pattern of behaviors, thoughts, and emotions shown by individuals. A. Personality B. Attribution C. Behaviorism D. Ability E. None of the above

A

_____is a proper sense of self, an awareness of strengths and weaknesses, and an appreciation of knowledge outside yourself. A. Humility B. Stress C. Charisma D. Hubris

A

Brian believes that if he studies for 3 hours, he will be able to pass his CPA exam. Which aspect of expectancy theory does this illustrate? A. Valence B. Expectancy C. Instrumentality D. Ability

B

Completing a behavior tracking log for a week increases self-awareness because it is an opportunity for _____________. A. Self-cueing B. Structured self-reflection C. Psychoanalysis D. Feedback

B

Conventional perspectives on OB tend to ____________. while sustainable perspectives tend to ____________. A. Focus on a wide range of behaviors ; focus on a specific ethical code B. Punish unethical behavior; celebrate examples of good conduct C. Focus on a specific ethical code ; evaluate morality in terms of stockholder outcome D. See punishment as a poor option ; recognize a few specific benefits of punishment

B

Dana finds her interior designing job to be extremely challenging. She is highly competent and derives a lot of satisfaction from her job. Dana's feelings can be attributed to _____. A. extrinsic motivation B. intrinsic motivation C. expectancy theory D. acquired needs

B

Employees of Blossom Corporation expect a clear vision and set of directives from the top management. This expectation is an example of a _____. A. equity belief B. psychological contract C. reservation point D. formal consensus

B

Jack works hard on his projects as his manager promises him a salary increase on successful completion of the project. Jack's hard work can be attributed to _____. A. intrinsic motivation B. extrinsic motivation C. expectancy theory D. acquired needs

B

Janet is a nurse at a retirement home. Contrary to the doctor's prescription, she reduces the dosage if a particular drug for one of the residents when she notices that the regular unsafe of the drug causes certain side effects. Which of the following describes Janet's moral development? A. Pre-conventional B. Post-conventional C. Non-conventional D. Conventional E. Delayed

B

Kristin, who works at a travel agency, had made an error while entering client details into the client's itinerary and the travel agency was forced to refund the client's money. As a consequence, Kristin's boss deducted the amount of the refund from her paycheck. This is an example of a(n) _____. A. extinction B. punishment C. negative reinforcement D. variable reinforcement

B

Larry, Steve's supervisor, has stopped responding to Steve's constant complaints that Larry is assigning too much work to him. As a consequence, Steve has stopped complaining to Larry, and this has also led to an improvement in his productivity. Which of the following techniques did Larry utilize? A. Negative Reinforcement B. Extinction C. Punishment D. Variable Reinforcement

B

Organizational behavior is: A. Defined mostly by psychology and sociology B. All about the people C. People acting collectively D. A social structure created by individuals

B

Rachel's boss sends out an e-mail to the whole organization congratulating her each time she acquires a new client for the organization. This is an example of _____. A. a fixed ratio schedule of reinforcement B. positive reinforcement C. negative reinforcement D. a fixed interval schedule of reinforcement

B

Robert and Frida work in a large event management firm. While the event that Frida worked on was a huge success, the one that Robert worked on had several issues and was not successful. Frida believes that Robert failed because he is irresponsible and did not work as hard as she did. However, lack of success at Robert;s event was largely due to poor performance by vendors that were contracted. Frida's Observation about Robert is an example of a(n) _______________ A. Anchoring and adjustment error B. Fundamental attribution error C. Cognitive dissonance error D. Telepathy Error E. Horn effect

B

Ronald is upset about receiving negative feedback for his recent project as he feels he put in more effort than his peer Lawrence, who received a positive feedback. Ronald's perceptions related to _____. A. procedural justice B. distributive justice C. interactional justice D. restorative justice

B

Stress is not __________. A. unhealthy when it is chronic B. mostly due to the situation C. a healthy bodily response D. usually necessary for optimum performance

B

Which is not true of emotional intelligence? A. Paying attention to emotional messages is a high EQ skill. B. EI skills are used mostly in conflict situations. C. It is highly important in predicting leadership performance. D. EI has components of self-awareness, empathy, self-management, and social skills

B

Which of the following is a result of increased self-awareness? A. Lower self-confidence B. Lower levels of anxiety and depression C. Greater negative emotions D. Lower self-esteem

B

Which of the following is true of people who work under authentic leaders? A. They have a decreased trust in with their leader. B. They have a sense of empowerment. C. They have increased levels of anxiety and worries. D. They experience high burnout.

B

Which of the following is true of people who work under authentic leaders? A. They have higher work engagement. B. All of these answers C. They have increased job satisfaction. D. They have low levels of anxiety and worries.

B

Which of the following is true of the rational choice method of decision making? A. It is used when goal consensus is low. B. It is appropriate when a problem is clearly understood. C. It is suitable when there is inadequate time to collect necessary information. D. It is a non-analytical approach to decision making

B

Which of the following statements summarizes the findings of Herzberg from his studies on employee behavior? A. Work characteristics associated with dissatisfaction were quite different from those pertaining to satisfaction. B. Certain types of needs or desires are acquired during an individual's lifetime. C. Behavior is directed and motivated by goals. D. Motivation depends on individuals' learned expectations about their ability to perform certain tasks and receive desired rewards.

B

Which of the following theories focuses on character and the various ways that people practice moral standards in a community, thereby facilitating happiness? A. Max Weber's theory B. Aristotle's virtue theory C. Fredrick Herzberg two-factor theory D. Expectancy theory

B

Which system helps us to conserve cognitive energy by using shortcuts and making automatic decisions? A. System 3 B. System 1 C. System 2 D. both b and c

B

Who among the following is at the conventional level of personal moral development? A. Joseph balances the concern for self with concern for his subordinates and the common good B. Lewis makes his decisions based on what his family and colleagues say. C. Gary follows rules and performs well to avoid punishments D. Jonathan makes organizational decisions himself and uses his managerial position for personal benefits.

B

_____ seeks to decrease the frequency of or eliminate an undesirable behavior by following the behavior with an unpleasant consequence. A. Cognitive reinforcement B. Punishment C. Extinction D. Negative reinforcement

B

_____ states that people expect to be treated fairly and typically want to get what that they think they deserve. A. Two-Factor theory B. Equity theory C. ERG theory D. Expectancy theory

B

_______ is a moral philosophy that holds that ethical managers strive to produce " the greatest good for the greatest number" A. Sustaincentrism B. Utilitarianism C. Egoism D. Virtualism

B

___________ are the subjective interpretations we give to information and messages we receive from sensory inputs. A. Commitments B. Perceptions C. Attributions D. Attitudes

B

"We protect and serve every human life by providing the best healthcare facilities and products" is an example of a _____. A. manifesto B. conjecture C. mission statement D. vision statement

C

According to Kenneth Goodpaster, _____ is an unbalanced and excessive focus on a single purpose or goal A. halo effect B. Bystandard apathy C. Teleopathy D. Cognitive dissonance

C

Amanda feels that successful completion of a soft skill course would enhance her prospects of finding a good job. Which of the following aspects of the expectancy theory is highlighted in this example? A. Equity B. Valence C. Instrumentality D. Expectancy

C

Among the big five personality traits, which of the following is typically associated with an individual being good-natured and trustful? A. Conscientious B. Emotional stability C. Agreeableness D. Extraversion E. Openness to experience

C

Angela and George, team members in the same retail store, often argue about who should perform the daily inventory process. In order to prevent any future arguments, Angela offers to perform the inventory work every day. In this scenario, Angela uses the _____ conflict style to resolve the issue. A. integrating B. compromising C. accommodating D. competing

C

Betty pastes sticky notes around her workstation to remind herself to think more positively during the course of her work day. In this case, Betty's strategy to live intentionally is referred to as _____. A. Self-goal setting B. Self-reinforcement C. Self-cueing D. Self-observation

C

Humility is associated with: A. Less goal-oriented action B. Lower productivity C. Higher self-esteem D. High turnover

C

In an environment of trust, employees: A. tend to become immobilized. B. become unwilling to take risks. C. focus on their work responsibilities. D. become self-protective and worried.

C

In research, it has been found that given identical resumes with only the name changed, hiring managers will disproportionately select the resumes with stereotypical Caucasian names over those with stereotypical minority names. This is an example of _________ at work. A. Overt racism B. Affirmative action C. Cognitive bias D. Scripts

C

Stanley is always trusted by his colleagues as he has encouraging words for everyone and patiently listens to their problems. Therefore, Stanley's colleagues trust him because of his _____. A. competence B. character C. goodwill D. fairness

C

The Yerkes-Dodson curve describes: A The relationship between humility and authenticity B The relationship between tension and physical fitness C The relationship between stress and performance D The relationship between work-life conflict and stress

C

The tendency to overlook or downplay feedback that makes a decision look bad and focus instead on feedback that makes it look good is known as ______. A. Administrative inertia B. Path dependence C. Information distortion D. Progress trap

C

Tracy is working on a project, the process for which was decided by her manager. She is aware that the process is inefficient and not the best way to do the project, but her manager insists that it gets done this way. Tracy is most probably suffering due to _________ A. Selective perception B. Fundamental attribution error C. Cognitive dissonance D. Teleopathy E. Actor-observer bias

C

Which era of OB history emphasized the interdependence of individuals and organizational context? A. Scientific Management Era B. Human Relations Era C. Systems Era D. Beliefs Era

C

Which is not a way that Alderfer's ERG theory differs from Maslow's theory? A. It does not assume that lower-level needs must be satisfied first. B. It claims that several different types of needs may be active at the same time. C. It suggests that certain types of needs or desires are acquired during an individual's lifetime. D. It has different categories of needs.

C

Which is not something that Dr. Rogers would recommend to address stress: A. Know what matters, do that first B. Connect with others C. Focus on being successful D. Be willing to suffer

C

Which is not true regarding sustainable and conventional perspectives of organizational behavior? A. Conventional perspectives emphasize the productivity, profitability, and competitiveness of organizations; Sustainable attends to a wider rage of outcomes B. Conventional perspectives led to unprecedented productivity; Sustainable incorporates the practice of virtues in organizations C. Conventional perspectives are dated; Sustainable are always preferred if possible D. None of the above

C

Which of the following best defines generalized self-efficacy? A. it refers to an individuals overestimation of positive traits and an underestimation of his or her inabilities relative to other individuals B. It refers to a persons inability to complete a task or perform a job successfully. C. it refers to a persons belief in his or her ability to cope with and perform in a variety of situations D. It refers to an individuals belief that he or she is superior to other individuals owing to his or her perceived social and cultural differences.

C

Which of the following is a key to managing stress? A. Spending more time on work-related tasks B. Avoiding physical exertion C. Balancing the needs of all parts of your self D. Taking up multiple roles in work and personal life

C

Which of the following is the first step in an integrative negotiation process? A. Collaborating to generate creative solutions B. Sharing accountability for the outcome mutually C. Building a relationship of understanding and respect D. Choosing the alternative that best satisfies the interests of all parties in the negotiation

C

Which of the following is true about positive reinforcement? A. It is administered before an undesired behavior occurs. B. It is administered to prevent an undesired behavior from occurring. C. It is administered as a result of a desired behavior. D. It is administered after an undesired behavior occurs.

C

Which of the following is true of Theory X managers? A. They are inherently lazy B. They assume people are inherently motivated to work C. They design structures and systems that will ensure people work hard D. They adopt a relatively humanistic approach to management practice.

C

Which of the following is true of a vision statement? A. It includes a description of what the organization does. B. It includes a description of what the organization will be in the future. C. It includes a description of what the organization wishes to become. D. It includes a description of what the organization stands for.

C

Which of the following occurs when a decision maker perseveres with the implementation of a poor decision despite evidence that it is not working? A. Progress trap B. Information overload C. Escalation of commitment D. Evidential reasoning

C

Which of the following statements best defines the term "ethics"? A. They are attachments or bonds to people, actions, or organizations. B. they are the summary evaluations of a particular object or person. C. they are a set of principles or standards that differentiate right from wrong. D. They are the dynamic conditions of a person that are manifested in the way he or she behaves.

C

______ are a set of personal tenets that guide a person;s actions in evaluating and adapting to his or her world. A. Abilities B. Skills C. Values D. Assets

C

________ is named after a study examining the effect of lighting, during which it was found that employees productivity increased regardless of light level. A. Arbitrary inference B. Weber's wager C. The Hawthorne effect D. The gilbreth factor

C

According to Milton Rokeach's classification of values, which of the following values relates to desirable ends? A. Rhetoric values B. Instrumental values C. Aesthetic values D. Terminal values

D

Albert feels that his company has not given him sufficient opportunities to utilize his skills to advance his career. Therefore, he joins a work softball team where he can socialize with people. The given example provides an illustration of the _____. A. expected utility hypothesis B. correspondence principle C. self-fulfilling prophecy D. frustration-regression principle

D

At which level of moral development are right and wrong determined by what is rewarded and punished? A. Conventional B. Para-conventional C. Post-conventional D. Preconventional

D

From an Aristotelian perspective, the purpose of human behavior: A. is to maximize self-interest B. is to maximize corporate performance C. is to increase long-term profitability D. is to maximize people's happiness E. is to decrease destructive conflict

D

In which of the following situations is satisficing evident? A. A manager trying to develop an optimal solution B. A manager choosing the best possible alternative after considerable research rather than settling for the first solution he comes across C. A manager trying to achieve an ideal solution rather than seeking an acceptability threshold D. A manager choosing a particular alternative because it fits the budgeted amount for a project

D

Kevin feels his manager is very rude and insensitive when talking to him. Which of the following justice perceptions influences Kevin's feelings? A. Restorative justice B. Procedural justice C. Distributive justice D. Interactional justice

D

Rex is an achievement-oriented individual. His firm always uses him during time crunches, as he is one of the most dependable members of his team. He sets goals that lead him to demonstrate high levels of performance. In this scenario, which of the following Big Five personality traits does Rex exhibit? A. Extraversion B. Neuroticism C. Hedonism D. Conscientiousness

D

Screening out information that contradicts an existing perception is known as a(n) ____. A. Cognitive dissonance error B. Halo effect bias C. Fundamental attribution error D. Selective perception error E. Horn effect bias

D

When striving to address cognitive error and increase the likelihood of good decisions, managers should seek to: A. Trigger system 1 thinking B. Engage system 2 thinking C. Bypass both systems altogether D. All of the above E. None of the above

D

Which is not true of politics in organizational functioning? A. It is sometimes helpful in decision making. B. It often leads to a decrease in productivity and satisfaction. C. It can hinder good decision making. D. It usually reinforces healthy views of authority.

D

Which of the following corresponds to a sustainable application of the Big Five personality trait of emotional stability? A. Engaging customers and initiating actions to exert status B. Contribution to productivity exclusively across individual tasks C. Adapting to change and seeking innovation for self-enhancement D. Being calm and considerate in working with diversity of people

D

Which of the following is a common priority for both the conventional OB approach as well as the sustainable OB approach? A. A focus on relatively immediate profits B. Attention to a multitude of outcomes for a wide range of stakeholders C. A focus on community interests D. A focus on the dynamics among people, actions, and organizations

D

Which of the following is a good means to reduce blind spots that hinder being authentic? A. Consistent act of selfish motives B. Higher burnouts C. Unstructured self-reflection D. Feedback-seeking behavior

D

Which of the following is a way in which job autonomy can be increased? A. Providing timely and adequate feedback on the employee's work B. Providing a guiding vision for the job C. Giving a thorough training in the tasks needed for the job D. Allowing employees more freedom and responsibility in the tasks

D

Which of the following is true about negative reinforcement? A. It involves the demonstration of power and authority. B. It involves undesired consequences. C. It involves the removal of positive reinforcements. D. It involves the removal of an unpleasant consequence.

D

Which of the following is true of abilities? A. They tend to be similar to skills and can be learned. B. They are usually acquired and are less inherent in nature. C. They are usually unstable traits that become evident later in life. D. They tend to be significant predictors of important life outcomes.

D

Which of the following is true of individuals with an external locus of control? A. they are more likely to be self starters B. they exhibit a personal responsibility to improve C. they are more likely to demonstrate determination D. they attribute life outcomes to forces beyond their command

D

Which of the following is true of valuing diversity? A. It maximizes the negative effects of our natural tendency to categorize people based on their characteristics B. It Typically occurs naturally in most work environments C. It is more likely to lead to stereotyping of people in order to see them as one whole similar unit. D. It minimizes the possibility of forming biased judgments

D

Which of the following reduces trust? A. Authenticity B. Clear, challenging values C. Interactional Justice D. Self-interest

D

Which of the following statements is true of high emotional intelligence? A. it results in decreased job turnover. B. It results in increased commitment in employees. C. it results in increases employee job satisfaction D. All of the above E. None of the above

D

_____ is the extent to which policies and rules are participatively developed, transparent and fairly administered. A. Integrative negotiation B. Distributive bargaining C. Distributive justice D. Procedural justice

D

Emotions are: A. Affective states that arise in response to information or messages a person receives from specific sensory inputs. B. Powerful messages that Daniel Coleman says we often need to attend to. C. Not usually influential when making decisions. D. All of the above. E. A and B only

E

Stella wants to be hired by a large advertising firm. She feels the job would help her utilize her creative skills. Which of the following needs is Stella looking to satisfy? A. Affiliation needs B. Social needs C. Physiological and esteem needs D. Relational needs E. Self-actualization needs

E

Which is true of system 1 and 2 thinking: A. System 1 is fast, automatic and intuitive ; System 2 is slow, deliberate and analytical B. System 1 is usually more accurate than system 2 C. System 1 often influences system 2 D. all of the above E. A and C only

E

Which of the following concepts did not appear in the readings from Harvard Business Review: A. Make opportunities for reflection B. Broad vs. narrow thinking C. System 1 and 2 thinking D. Premortems E. All of the above appeared.

E