MGT Chapters 5-10
a technical support call center has just decided to extend its hours of operations to include weekends, requiring employees to work different shifts to accommodate the schedule. This change would likely be characterized as _____ change.
innovative
participative management is said to increase employee motivation and performance because it helps them fulfill three basic needs
interpersonal contact Meaningfulness of work autonomy
Which of the following are characteristics of strategy formulation?
it is the basis for determining long-term goals It is a time consuming process
Using the brains instead ot heri brawn best describes ______ workers
knowledge
House's revised path-goal theory
leaders should modify their style effective leaders will possess leaders should help employees
potential implications or groupthink
less new information is introduced fewer alternatives ideas are being brought to the table by members
external dimensions of diversity
marital status religion Parental status educational background
Kelley receives a written report every six moths detailing the production outputs of the warehouse. These reports demonstrate which step in the control process?
measure performance
The process in which a neutral third party listens to both sides in a dispute and makes suggestions toward an agreeable solution is called the ________ process.
mediation
Tactical planning is performed by _______ management determines what contributions their department or work units can make toward the organizations strategic priorities during the next 6 to 24 months.
middle
as a general rule, _______ managers establish tactical goals and focus on the actions needed to achieve the strategic of the organizations
middle
In which phase of the planning/control cycle does a company have the opportunity to get a project on track if it is failing to meet assigned objective
step 4 controls the direction by correcting deviations in the plan or by improving future plans
Lizette works for a soda bottling company and is developing a five-year plan that shows the long-term goals of the organization. Lizette is in the process of _________ planning
strategic
Stress is the feeling of tension and pressure; the source of that stress is known as _______.
stressor
the process of having two people or groups play opposing roles in a debate to better understand a proposal is known as the ________ method
dialectic
The use of brands to make a company stand out from its competitors is part of the _____ strategy
differentiation
managers taking a contingency approach to organizational design should consider the following:
differentiation vs. integration culture link between strategy, structure and culture mechanistic vs. organic environment
key aspects of execution
discussing hows and whats Using questioning and analysis
Selling several products that are not related to one another under one ownership describes ______ strategy
diversification
a gas station that sells food, souvenirs, and t-shirts is operating with a ______ strategy.
diversification
within the LMX model of leadership, ______ exchange refers to the relationship between leader and follower
in-group
Big Data
includes not only data in corporate databases but also web-browsing data trails, social network communications, sensor data, and surveillance data
A ______ is a single-use plan encompassing a broad range of projects or activities
program
engage in role playing to help them consider the decision from multiple perspectives
programmed
Business analytics tend to be ________ (quantitative/qualitative) in nature.
quantitative
The action by which workers vote on whether to accept or reject the terms of the contract negotiated by the union after collective bargaining is called ______.
ratification
Which federal legislation increased the federal minimum wage to $7.25 per hour in 2009.
Fair Minimum Wage Act
An organization should adopt strategic management and strategic planning to encourage new ideas
(An organization should adopt strategic management and strategic planning for three reasons: They can (1) provide direction and momentum, (2) encourage new ideas, and above all (3) develop a sustainable competitive advantage)
strategic planning
(type of planning) Determining what an organization's long-term goals should be for the next 1-10 years with the resources it expects to have available; -done by top management -uses to mission and vision statements to make plan -requires visionary and directional thinking
Perceptual Process
1. selective attention 2. interpretation and evaluation 3. storing in memory 4. retrieving from memory to make judgement and decisions
How often should managers and subordinates meet to give performance appraisals and rewards?
6-12 months
Business Plan
A document that outlines a proposed firm's goals, its strategy for achieving those goals, and the standards for measuring success
characteristics of highly integrated organization
A formal chain of command standardized rules and procedures frequent communication use of cross-functional teams specialists working toward a common goals
Vision
A statement that outlines long-term goal describing what the company want to become
false
Actions plans may be only be made for individuals
Which of the following would meet the SMART goal characteristic of specifying a target date?
File tax return by April 15 Lose 10 pounds by the end of the year
Personal Development
Attend time Management training
A means of evaluation strategic business units on the basis of their business growth rates and their share of the market
BCG Matrix
Sustainable competitive advantage occurs when an organization is ahead in four areas
Being responsive to customers -innovating -quality -effectiveness
When strategic goals align with one another across all levels of the business in order to contribute to overall corporate success, the business is successfully following a strategy of creating __________.
Cascading goals
identify the four types of organizational cultures
Clan Hierarchy Market Adhocracy
mechanisms that contribute to the success of measurement-managed firms
Communication provides a clear message Emphasis on teamwork and cooperation translation of strategy into measurable objectives
Type A behavior pattern
Competitive Hurried Deadline-focused
Execution
Consists of using questioning, analysis, and follow-through in order to mesh strategy with reality, align people with goals, and achieve results promised. Central part of any company's strategy
Maintenance objective
Continue current production rates on custom-printed jobs
identify the advantages of establishing deadlines
Deadlines are a great motivator Deadlines help concentrate the mind to help you make quick decisions Deadlines provide a mechanism for evaluation
Improvement Objective
Decrease scrap materials by 10% within the next quarter
Strategic positioning attempts to achieve sustainable competitive advantage by preserving what is distinctive about a company. It means, according to Porter, "performing different activities from rivals, or performing similar activities in different ways." Three key principles underlie strategic positioning: Strategy is the creation of a unique and valuable position, which emerges from three sources: few needs, many customers - broad needs, few customers - or broad needs, many customers. Strategy requires trade-offs in competing. A company has to choose not only what strategy to follow but what strategy not to follow. Strategy involves creating a "fit" among activities. "Fit" has to do with the ways a company's activities interact and reinforce one another.
Define strategic positioning. Explain the three principles that underlie strategic positioning
Kim assigned James to handle the marketing campaign for the project and put Natasha in charge of production. When Kim assigned these jobs, she was demonstrating _______.
Delegation
Which of the following would be included in the contingency planning process
Different Budgets Different strategies by competitors Different economic conditions
Which of the following are appropriate actions for a manager to take if a decision is not working as intended?
Give it more time Start over Change it slightly Try another alternative
Stars
Has a large market share in rapidly growing industry
Within the financial company Brendan works for there is a vice president of marketing, a vice president of sales, and vice president of accounting. These positions are all examples of ______ specialization.
Horizontal
Corey is preparing the business model for his necktie manufacturing facility. Which of the following should be included
How the neckties will be marketed
Why is planning important to a company
It helps the company achieve goals
During his review process, Ron's manager gave him a list of goals he wanted him to achieve over the next six months. Ron was surprised to see some of the goals because his manager had never even discussed them with him. Which part of MBO did Ron fail to receive?
Jointly set Objectives
Cost-Focus
Keeping costs and prices of a product or service below those we of competitors and targeting a narrow market
Cost Leadership
Keeping costs and prices of a product or service below those we of competitors and targeting a wide cost-leadership targets a wide market
1. Establish mutually agreed objectives between employee and supervisor 2. Develop action plan to accomplish objectives 3. Monitor progress toward achievement of objectives (ongoing) 4. Formally evaluate extent to which objectives were met or exceeded
Key Steps of the Management by Objectives (MBO) Cycle
identify the strategies to writing e-mail messages and reports most effectively
List ideas from least controversial to most controversial start with your purpose List your ideas form most important to least important
Which of the following are example of action plans?
Marketing plan Product plan
Which of the following are examples of action plans?
Marketing plan Product plan
As a general rule _______ managers establish tactical goals and focus on the actions needed to achieve the strategic goals of the organization
Middle
As a company undertakes strategic management, which three groups should be involved?
Middle managers, Top managers, First-Line managers
The _____ statement expresses the purpose of an organization or reason for being.
Mission
For management by objectives to be successful, which of the following must occur?
Objectives must cascade through the organization It must be applied organization wide top management must be committed
Focused-differentiation
Offering products or services that are of unique and superior value compared to those of competitors but targeting a narrow market narrow market
Differentiation
Offering products or services that are of unique and superior value compared to those of competitors but targeting a wide market wide market
After he was told that the company expected a 12% sales increase by next year, the warehouse foreman had to plan for an increase in the amount of product on the warehouse floor and additional worker hours to support the increase in production. This is an example of _________ planning
Operational
What are the three types of goals used in planning that become the hierarchy for chain?
Operational Strategic Tactical
Policy
Outlines the general response to a designated problem or situation -guidelines -up for interpretation
-helps you keep in control, to make sure you're headed in the right direction. -continuous feedback loop A cycle that has two planning steps (1 and 2) and two control steps (3 and 4), as follows: (1) Make the plan. (2) Carry out the plan. (3) Control the direction by comparing results with the plan. (4) Control the direction by taking corrective action in two ways—namely, (a) by correcting deviations in the plan being carried out, or (b) by improving future plans.
Planning/Control Cycle
single-use plan
Plans developed for activities that are not likely to be repeated in the future; such plans can be either (1) programs or (2) projects.
1. Bargaining Power of Suppliers 2. Bargaining Power of Customers 3. Threat of New Entrants 4. Threat of Substitutes 5. Competitive Rivalry between Existing Players
Porters Five Competitive Forces
Several endeavors run by NASA like the Challenger project and the Hubble Telescope project are examples of:
Programs
A goal that is Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Results oriented, and has Target dates.
SMART goal
Plans developed for activities that occur repeatedly over a period of time; such plans consist of (1) policies, (2) procedures, or (3) rules.
Standing Plan
Vision Statement
Statement that expresses what the organization should become and where it wants to go strategically. -"what do we want to become
________ goals are long-term and specific commitments to achieve a measurable results, usually over one to five years.
Strategic
Establish the mission and vision Assess the current reality Formulate the Grand Strategy Implement the strategy Maintain Strategic control
Strategic Management Process steps
While Starbucks sells many types of coffee products, Connie's coffee house only sells one type of coffee. The two types of companies are both selling coffee but in different ways. This is an example of:
Strategic Positioning
a large-scale action plan that sets the direction for an organization
Strategy
During a meeting with the board of directors of Charter Bank, the president picked up a document and read the following statement: "We provide low-cost loans to help start-up businesses in our community." for which of the following documents would be this statement be the most appropriate?
The company's mission statement
Which of the following would be included in a firm's business model?
The firms expected revenues and expenses a description of the industry the firm is entering
The first goal in Stephen's paln was to hire several sales staff members to increase sales. What aspect of a SMART goal would this action represent?
The goal is results-orienated
Norms
They are typically unwritten They exert a powerful influence on group behavior
Environmental factors that hinder an organization's achieving a competitive advantage
Threats
Which of the following positions would typically determine the mission statement?
Top Management
Jennifer rates her employees on subjective attributes such as attitude, honesty, inspiration to others, leadership, or initiative.
Trait
Using statistical analysis of historical data to predict future events is called
Trend Analysis
Two types of single-use plans
Two types of single-use plans
operating plan
Typically designed for a 1-year period, this plan defines how a manager will conduct his or her business based on the action plan; identifies clear targets such as revenues, cash flow, and market share.
build cross-cultural relationships
develop and mentor advocate for participative leadership be sensitive to the needs of others
forecast
a vision or projection of the future
a persons behavior is influenced by values and attitudes and consists of which of the following.
actions judgements
matters addressed by organizational development (OD)
adapting to mergers Managing conflict Revitalizing organizations
Derrik is understanding the basic elements of the server's job by participating in job _____
analysis
Labor-management disputes can be settled in three ways: grievance, procedures, mediation and __________
arbitration
The process in which a neutral third party listens to both sides of dispute and then makes a decision the parties have agreed will be binding on them is known as:
arbitration
Vision statement should
be inspiring be positive
most of the questions Scott was asked during his interview were about past actions and accomplishments. This is an example of _______ interview.
behavioral-description
a _________ - anchored rating scale is a type of appraisal that rates employee gradations in performance according to scales of specific behaviors.
behaviorally
She then collected the information and wrote it on the white board for all the team members to view and decide upon. Michelle is using the ____ technique?
brainstorming
in terms of SMART goals, an "attainable" goal is
challenging but achievable
benefits for the participants of continuous improvement teams?
chance for meaningful participation skill enhancement
identify the public sources for gaining competitive intelligence
competitors published annual reports specialized databases such as Nexus Trade shows of confrences
Indicate the assumptions prevalent in the rational decision-making model.
complete information,no uncertainty Choice of best decision for the organization Logical, unemotional analysis
applying the job characteristics model requires which of the following
consider how to redesign the job Diagnose the work environment to see whether a problem exists. Determine whether job redesign is appropriate
improvement is defined as ongoing, small, incremental improvements in all parts of an organization
continuous
Strategic _______ involves monitoring the executive of strategy and taking corrective action when necessary.
control
If important decisions are made by middle-level and supervisory-level managers and power is delegated throughout the organization, the organization has _______authority.
decentralized
Performance managment
define performance Monitor and evaluate performance review performance provide consequences
System 2 thinking
deliberate analytical conscious
organizational _______ is concerned with structuring accountability and responsibility within an organization so that it i can execute its strategies
design
Which three of the following are steps that managers should take to avoid being sued for wrongful termination
do not delay the dismissal, and make sure it is completely defensible give the employee a chance first Be aware of how devastating a dismissal can be, both to the individual and to those remaining
Which of the following are approaches to affirmative action that an organization can take to achieve equality?
elimination of prejudicial questions in interviews Establishment of minority hiring goals Active recruitment of a group (traditionally discriminated against)
in order to better motivate employees, Enzo gave them tasks with added responsibility and room for recognition.
enrichment
third step in the organizational development process?
evaluation
Cash cow
exists in a mature, slow-growth industry but is a dominant business in the industry, with a large market share
Question marks
exists in a new rapidly growing industry, but has only a small market share.
Rather than ask her assembly line management team about the purchase of new equipment,Kerri decided to go ahead and make the purchase. She feels that as the executive director of operations, she has the authority to make this type of decision without consulting other managers in the organization. This is an example of strategic managment.
false
organic organizations tend ot have a wide span of control and ___________
fewer rules
Strategic management involves mangers form all parts of the organization, and tactical planning is done by middle managers. Which mangers typically perform operational planning within the process.
first-line
The approach that suffests taht leadership behaviors varies along a continuum of leadership styles, form passive through transactional to transformational leadership is referred to as ______ leadership
full-range
Competitive Intelligence
gaining information about one's competitors' activities so that you can anticipate their moves and react appropriately. If you are a manager, one of your worst nightmares is that a competitor will surprise you with a service or product)
theories of motivation are characterized as process perspectives on motivation
goal setting theory expectancy theory equity theory
A ________ strategy involves expansion in some aspect of the business, such as sales revenue, market share, number of employees, or number of customers or clients served.
growth
stress generally affects job performance in which ways
high levels of stress lead to low performances Moderate levels of stress lead to optimal performance Low levels of stress lead to low performance
simply giving employees additional tasks of similar difficulty is known as _______ loading whereas giving employees more responsibility such as in job enrichment is referred to as _______ loading.
horizontal vertical
positive results of transformational leadership
improved leaderhsip effectiveness and employee job satisfaction Measures of organizational effectiveness More employee identification with their leaders and their immediate work groups Higher levels of intrinsic motivation, group cohesion and work engagement
in a _________ structure, a firm assembles product components or sections provided by outside contractors.
modular
The free breakfast and childcare are examples of ________ that direct Johanna's behavior.
motivation
which of the following involves monitoring performance to ensure that short-term plans and day-to-day goals are being implemented and taking corrective action as needed.
operational control
Marketing, production, and sales are all involved in the core business process known as
operations
One of the key "take-aways" from expectancy theory is that a manager should link rewards to level of _______
performance
dogs
poor performer. Small share of a slow-growth market.
the purpose of the field of organizational behavior is not only explain workplace behavior but also to ______ it.
predict
disruptive innovation
product or service takes root initially in simple applications at the bottom end of a market and then moves up
A strategy by which an organization under one ownership operates businesses that are similar or complementary to an another is known as a _______ diversification strategy
related
organizational artifacts
rituals behaviors awards decorations
A standing plan that designates specific required action, such as "Hardhats required beyond this point" is known as a
rule
theories of motivation would be characterized as content perspectives
self-determination theory acquired needs theory two-factor theory hierarchy of needs thoery
what Tamika loves about her job is that every day brings new challenges, and she can use different talents and abilities to compete her job tasks.
skill variety
on an organization chart, lone positions are designated by a ______ line, whereas staff positions are indicated by a _______ line.
solid dotted
A SMART goal is one that is
specific, measurable, attainable, results-oriented, and has target dates.
A goal that is too vague, lacks detail, and is too general is missing which aspect of SMART goal criteria.
specificity
a ______ strategy means a company is trying to maintain the status quo
stability
People with a conceptual decision-making style are likely to do which of the following?
take risks find creative solutions Rely on intuition
Jakob thought he'd enjoy his job as a web designer, but it turns out that he is responsible only for updating web pages and not for creating them too. according to the job characteristics model, jakob has ______.
task identity
Horizontal Organizational design
teams are used to improve collaboration and work
Which of the following are examples of business analytics
time-series forecast portfolio analysis
the ______ reading strategy has these five steps: rate reason to read; questions and predict answers; survey the big picture; skim for main ideas; and summarize.
top-down
Leadership that focuses on clarifying employees' roles and task requirements and providing rewards and punishments contingent on performance is known as ________ leadership.
transactional
task-oriented leadership behaviors
transactional leadership Initiating structure leadership
types of forecasting
trend analysis contingency planning
they were dissatisfied with things like pay scale and sharing an office with someone they didn't get along with.
two-factor theory
Strategic human resource planning is focused on which two initiatives
understanding current employee needs Predicting future employee needs
Kendall is frustrated with her co-worker Jill. She feels that Jill doesn't care that their manager seems to be showing favoritism toward the two other members of their team. Jill just focuses on the work she is supposed to do, which demonstrates her _________.
value orientation
__________ communication flows upward and downward in the organization
vertical
encourage member to help identify goals and values
what should a leader do during the norming stage
types of information that organizational charts reveal
who specializes in what work who reports to whom
women are not found in positions of corporate leaderhsip
women start out at lower levels then men do women tend to give credit to others women lack a supportive member
which of the following would be characterized as hygiene factors in Herberg's two-facotr theory?
working conditions supervisions pay and security
In _______ ______ budgeting, each department is required to start with a "clean slate" at the beginning of each budget period and project their funding needs for the budget period
zero based