MGT Exam (Ch 11-12)
What name is given to the most effective managers, who engage in both dimensions of leadership behaviors by getting employees involved in the operation of their departments or divisions in a positive and constructive manner, setting general goals, providing fairly loose supervision, and recognizing employees' contributions?
Employee-centered leaders
What term describes the process of providing employees with the ability to contribute input and take on responsibilities for organizational decisions?
Empowerment
In applying reinforcement theory, one of the problems in punishing unacceptable behavior is that punishment may produce
undesirable long-term side effects
Which of the following characteristics relates to situational leadership theory?
A leadership model whose premise is that a leader's style should be contingent on subordinates' competence and commitment
Poor morale is most likely to cause
absenteeism
With regard to leadership and management, most American companies today appear to be
under-led and over-managed
What is path-goal theory?
A model concerned with how a leader affects employees' perceptions of their personal and work goals and the paths to goal attainment
Which of the following characteristics relates to motivation?
An inner drive that directs behavior toward goals
Which of the following refers to an organizationally based source of power derived from a leader's control over punishments or the capacity to deny rewards?
Coercive power
What term describes a group of theories that assume that workers are motivated by the desire to satisfy needs and that seek to identify what their needs are?
Content theories
What term describes the suggestion that successful leadership requires matching leaders with primarily stable leadership styles to the demands of the situation?
Contingency Theory
What term describes a theory stating that the extent to which people are willing to contribute to an organization depends on their assessment of the fairness of the rewards they will receive in exchange?
Equity theory
What name is given to the theory that states that motivation depends not only on how much a person wants something but also on the person's perception of how likely he or she is to get it?
Expectancy theory
What term describes power or influence derived from a person's special knowledge or expertise in a particular area?
Expert power
What name is given to the order in which people strive to satisfy the five basic needs as theorized by Maslow—physiological, security, social, esteem, and self-actualization?
Hierarchy of needs
Which of the following characteristics relates to a servant leader?
Leader who leads by example and forms strong relationships with employees
What name is given to a description of how leaders develop "unique" working relationships with each of their employees, based on the nature of their social exchanges?
Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) Theory
Which of the following refers to the sum total of employees' attitudes toward their jobs, employer, and colleagues?
Morale
Your company's work teams have won national awards for making the finest widgets ever seen. Your loyal and productive workers have never been more proud of their work. What important characteristic of motivation is probably at an all-time high at your company?
Morale
What term describes a person's ability to satisfy or deny satisfaction of another's need, based on a formal contractual relationship between an organization and the individual?
Organizational power
Which of the following characteristics relates to reward power?
Organizational power that stems from a person's ability to bestow rewards
When extra effort is required from employees and managers have no control over rewards and punishments and close supervision is not practical
Personal sources of power are essential
Which of the following characteristics relates to information power?
Power that is a result of having access to important information that is not common knowledge or of having the ability to control te flow of information to and from others
What is the theory that states that employees learn not only through direct experience but also through observation and personal qualities?
Social learning theory
What is meant by legitimate power?
The influence that comes from a person's formal position in an organization and the authority that accompanies that position
What are maintenance factors?
Those aspects of a job that relate to the work setting, including adequate wages, comfortable working conditions, fair company policies, and job security
It is interesting that in certain industries, such as the hotel industry, service personnel
actually dislike increased empowerment.
Frederick Taylor
analyzed jobs to improve efficiency
There is increasing evidence that transformational leaders
exist at all levels in organizational hierarchies and in a broad range of organizations.
You are a computer whiz, and you have installed some software that monitors all incoming and outgoing company emails. You have no formal understanding of leadership theory, but you clearly understand
information power
To achieve organizational objectives, employees must have the ability, tools, and _____ to perform their jobs.
motivation
Reward power, which stems from a person's ability to bestow rewards, is
organizationally based
A personal source of power that a leader possesses when he or she is admired by employees who identify with the leader is called
referent power