MGT Exam (Ch 11-12)

What name is given to the most effective managers, who engage in both dimensions of leadership behaviors by getting employees involved in the operation of their departments or divisions in a positive and constructive manner, setting general goals, providing fairly loose supervision, and recognizing employees' contributions?

Employee-centered leaders

What term describes the process of providing employees with the ability to contribute input and take on responsibilities for organizational decisions?

Empowerment

In applying reinforcement theory, one of the problems in punishing unacceptable behavior is that punishment may produce

undesirable long-term side effects

Which of the following characteristics relates to situational leadership theory?

A leadership model whose premise is that a leader's style should be contingent on subordinates' competence and commitment

Poor morale is most likely to cause

absenteeism

With regard to leadership and management, most American companies today appear to be

under-led and over-managed

What is path-goal theory?

A model concerned with how a leader affects employees' perceptions of their personal and work goals and the paths to goal attainment

Which of the following characteristics relates to motivation?

An inner drive that directs behavior toward goals

Which of the following refers to an organizationally based source of power derived from a leader's control over punishments or the capacity to deny rewards?

Coercive power

What term describes a group of theories that assume that workers are motivated by the desire to satisfy needs and that seek to identify what their needs are?

Content theories

What term describes the suggestion that successful leadership requires matching leaders with primarily stable leadership styles to the demands of the situation?

Contingency Theory

What term describes a theory stating that the extent to which people are willing to contribute to an organization depends on their assessment of the fairness of the rewards they will receive in exchange?

Equity theory

What name is given to the theory that states that motivation depends not only on how much a person wants something but also on the person's perception of how likely he or she is to get it?

Expectancy theory

What term describes power or influence derived from a person's special knowledge or expertise in a particular area?

Expert power

What name is given to the order in which people strive to satisfy the five basic needs as theorized by Maslow—physiological, security, social, esteem, and self-actualization?

Hierarchy of needs

Which of the following characteristics relates to a servant leader?

Leader who leads by example and forms strong relationships with employees

What name is given to a description of how leaders develop "unique" working relationships with each of their employees, based on the nature of their social exchanges?

Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) Theory

Which of the following refers to the sum total of employees' attitudes toward their jobs, employer, and colleagues?

Morale

Your company's work teams have won national awards for making the finest widgets ever seen. Your loyal and productive workers have never been more proud of their work. What important characteristic of motivation is probably at an all-time high at your company?

Morale

What term describes a person's ability to satisfy or deny satisfaction of another's need, based on a formal contractual relationship between an organization and the individual?

Organizational power

Which of the following characteristics relates to reward power?

Organizational power that stems from a person's ability to bestow rewards

When extra effort is required from employees and managers have no control over rewards and punishments and close supervision is not practical

Personal sources of power are essential

Which of the following characteristics relates to information power?

Power that is a result of having access to important information that is not common knowledge or of having the ability to control te flow of information to and from others

What is the theory that states that employees learn not only through direct experience but also through observation and personal qualities?

Social learning theory

What is meant by legitimate power?

The influence that comes from a person's formal position in an organization and the authority that accompanies that position

What are maintenance factors?

Those aspects of a job that relate to the work setting, including adequate wages, comfortable working conditions, fair company policies, and job security

It is interesting that in certain industries, such as the hotel industry, service personnel

actually dislike increased empowerment.

Frederick Taylor

analyzed jobs to improve efficiency

There is increasing evidence that transformational leaders

exist at all levels in organizational hierarchies and in a broad range of organizations.

You are a computer whiz, and you have installed some software that monitors all incoming and outgoing company emails. You have no formal understanding of leadership theory, but you clearly understand

information power

To achieve organizational objectives, employees must have the ability, tools, and _____ to perform their jobs.

motivation

Reward power, which stems from a person's ability to bestow rewards, is

organizationally based

A personal source of power that a leader possesses when he or she is admired by employees who identify with the leader is called

referent power