MGT310 Exam 3

17) Operant conditioning argues that ________. 17) ______ A) all behavior has unintended consequences B) behavior is learned through observation C) behavior patterns are established in childhood D) behavior is a function of its consequences

D) behavior is a function of its consequences

9) Which of the following attributes of a communication method will be the most important for a scientist who has to send large amounts of data to a colleague? 9) _______ A) formality B) feedback C) interpersonal warmth D) complexity capacity

D) complexity capacity

20) Research on conformity suggests that ________. 20) ______ A) conformity is a culture-bound behavior B) conformity tends to be higher in individualistic cultures C) conformity is higher in larger organizations D) conformity is a major problem in global teams

D) conformity is a major problem in global teams

6) During the communication process, the message is converted to a symbolic form. This process is called ________. 6) _______ A) decoding B) deciphering C) expanding D) encoding

D) encoding

Which of the following steps in the human resource management process identifies and selects competent employees? A) planning and performance management B) orientation and training C) compensation and benefits D) human resource planning and recruitment

D) human resource planning and recruitment

The first three activities of the human resource management process involve ________. A) providing employees with flexible job assignments B) providing employees with up-to-date knowledge and skills C) retaining competent and high-performing employees D) identifying and selecting competent employees

D) identifying and selecting competent employees

9) Age, skill, and experience are examples of ________. 9) _______ A) external status categories B) internal status categories C) formal status categories D) informal status categories

D) informal status categories

7) If you are a good planner and purposeful, you would probably score high on the ________ trait of MBTI®. 7) _______ A) introversion B) perceiving C) thinking D) judging

D) judging

9) Recruitment is the process of ________. 9) _______ A) screening job applicants to determine who is the best B) selecting candidates to fill open positions C) moving employees laterally to reduce intra-organizational supply-demand imbalances D) locating, identifying, and attracting capable applicants

D) locating, identifying, and attracting capable applicants

20) "Any additional violations of company policy will result in escalating disciplinary action up to and including termination." This statement found on many corrective action forms, is an example of ________. 20) ______ A) punishment B) extinction C) positive reinforcement D) negative reinforcement

D) negative reinforcement

4) The ________ stage of group development is complete when the group structure solidifies and the group has assimilated a common set of expectations of what defines correct member behavior. 4) _______ A) storming B) performing C) forming D) norming

D) norming

2) Which of the following is true for organizational citizenship behavior (OCB)? 2) _______ A) OCB is discretionary behavior which promotes the effective functioning of the organization. B) The requirements of OCB are spelt out in employee job profiles. C) OCB is the behavior leading to permanent withdrawal from an organization. D) OCB is a performance measure of efficiency.

A) OCB is discretionary behavior which promotes the effective functioning of the organization.

2) ________ consists of all the patterns, networks, and systems of communication within an organization. 2) _______ A) Organizational communication B) Interpersonal communication C) The grapevine D) Formal communication

A) Organizational communication

15) Conflicts can be resolved by withdrawing from them or suppressing them. This conflict management technique is known as ________. 15) ______ A) avoiding B) accommodating C) forcing D) compromising

A) avoiding

17) The top management of the company asks Earl to make use of a rating scale that will rate the employees' actual job behaviors. The managers are asking Steve to use a ________. 17) ______ A) behaviorally anchored rating scale B) graphic rating scale C) management by objective method D) 360-degree feedback

A) behaviorally anchored rating scale

Labor unions use ________ to protect the rights of their members. A) collective bargaining B) labor disputes C) commercial arbitration D) work stops

A) collective bargaining

19) Because rumors that flow along the grapevine can never be eliminated entirely, managers can minimize the negative consequences of rumors by ________. 19) ______ A) communicating openly and honestly with employees B) encouraging an all-channel communication network C) using filtering wherever possible D) ignoring them completely

A) communicating openly and honestly with employees

3) Amber has called her work group together to assign tasks for the day. In this instance, Amber is using communication to ________. 3) _______ A) control behavior B) express emotions C) provide feedback D) challenge her employees

A) control behavior

1) It is Black Friday. Several people are waiting outside the popular electronics store for someone to unlock the doors. These people constitute a(n) ________. 1) _______ A) crowd B) informal group C) formal group D) social group

A) crowd

3) Which of the following stages in group development involves defining the group's structure and leadership? 3) _______ A) forming B) storming C) norming D) performing

A) forming

6) The cognitive dissonance theory proposes that the intensity of the desire to reduce dissonance is determined by ________. 6) _______ A) importance, influence, and rewards B) resources, commitment, and organizational structure C) awareness, status, and punishments D) stability, position, and power

A) importance, influence, and rewards

15) The ________ communication system within an organization permits employees to satisfy their need for social interaction with their peers. 15) ______ A) informal B) social C) organizational D) formal

A) informal

12) The accountant told Ellen that he had difficulty understanding some of the technical terms used in her memorandum. These technical terms are commonly known as ________. 12) ______ A) jargon B) techspeak C) encoding D) vernacular

A) jargon

8) A written statement that explains the job content, environment, and conditions of employment is called a ________. 8) _______ A) job description B) job preview C) job manual D) job specification

A) job description

16) Many production employees began to talk among themselves about whether they wanted to transfer to a new production facility in a neighboring town. What type of communication is this? 16) ______ A) lateral B) downward C) formal D) diagonal

A) lateral

5) Alan has just given his subordinates a very difficult project. Now he is telling them he has every confidence they will be successful. Allan is using communication to ________. 5) _______ A) motivate B) control C) manipulate D) inspire

A) motivate

19) She was only three but already had a temper. Her favorite outburst was to stomp her foot. So her mother made her stomp and stomp and stomp until there was no more stomping left in her. This mother was using ________ to alter her daughter's behavior. 19) ______ A) punishment B) negative reinforcement C) extinction D) positive reinforcement

A) punishment

18) A ________ system rewards employees for the job competencies they demonstrate. 18) ______ A) skill-based pay B) piece-rate pay C) variable pay D) performance-based pay

A) skill-based pay

15) In which of the following traditional training methods are employees made to work at different jobs in a particular area in order to get exposure to a variety of tasks? 15) ______ A) training by job rotation B) coaching C) on-the-job training D) mentoring

A) training by job rotation

Which of the following is true of high-performance work practices? A) It involves well-structured job responsibilities as opposed to flexible assignments. B) It encourages extensive employee involvement and greater employee control on decision making. C) In spite of its many benefits, research indicates that there is no direct link between high-performance work practices and a firm's market value. D) It is easier to implement in organizations with centralized structures.

B) It encourages extensive employee involvement and greater employee control on decision making.

15) ________ is the process of organizing and interpreting sensory impressions to give meaning to the environment. 15) ______ A) Selection B) Perception C) Cognition D) Attribution

B) Perception

16) "He could do it if he wanted to. He just doesn't like that part of his job, that's all." A statement like this from a supervisor indicates ________. 16) ______ A) the horn effect B) a fundamental attribution error C) a halo effect D) locus of control error

B) a fundamental attribution error

1) Individual behavior in organizations includes ________. 1) _______ A) structure, culture, and team building B) attitudes, learning, and motivation C) policies and procedures D) strategies, norms, and roles

B) attitudes, learning, and motivation

2) Groups that are determined by the organization chart and composed of individuals who report directly to a given manager are called ________. 2) _______ A) self-managed teams B) command groups C) cross-functional teams D) task groups

B) command groups

6) Students often complain that having to work with assigned teammates results in a poorer group project. They are complaining about a(n) ________. 6) _______ A) group member resource B) external condition C) group task D) internal condition

B) external condition

11) Which of the following methods of communication should be used when the sender requires quick and accurate feedback? 11) ______ A) instant messaging B) face-to-face C) voicemail D) e-mail

B) face-to-face

13) The type of conflicts that support group goals and improve performance are called ________. 13) ______ A) planned conflicts B) functional conflicts C) natural conflicts D) dysfunctional conflicts

B) functional conflicts

17) A work group ________. 17) ______ A) measures performance directly by assessing collective work outputs B) has no need or opportunity to engage in collective work that requires joint effort C) works intensely on a specific goal using their positive synergy D) encourages open-ended discussions and active problem-solving meetings

B) has no need or opportunity to engage in collective work that requires joint effort

12) Kevin is a whirlwind as a research and development supervisor. His colleagues are surprised that even though he makes decisions very quickly and always with less information than others, his decisions are as good as anybody else's. This information implies that Kevin has ________. 12) ______ A) high intuition B) high risk-taking ability C) high Machiavellianism D) low cognitive dissonance

B) high risk-taking ability

12) Daniela and Navaro disagree on the best way to promote a new product. Those in the company who view the conflict over the promotion strategy as natural and inevitable have a(n) ________ view of conflict. 12) ______ A) traditional B) human relations C) interactionist D) reactionist

B) human relations

7) Managers begin human resource planning by ________. 7) _______ A) forecasting sales B) inventorying current employees C) job analysis D) locating capable applicants

B) inventorying current employees

5) The degree to which an employee identifies with his or her job or actively participates in it refers to the employee's ________. 5) _______ A) job satisfaction B) job involvement C) organizational citizenship behavior D) attitude

B) job involvement

20) People who prefer segmentation are more likely to be satisfied and committed to their jobs when offered options such as ________. 20) ______ A) gym facilities B) job sharing C) company-sponsored family picnics D) on-site child care

B) job sharing

20) Though IT has improved organizational communications in recent years, ________ remains a major concern. 20) ______ A) breadth potential B) security C) cost D) timeliness

B) security

19) In providing assistance to employees being downsized, many organizations offer some form of ________. 19) ______ A) overtime pay B) severance pay C) merit pay D) piece-rate pay

B) severance pay

18) Donna has just moved to the city from a small town and gets a job as an assistant in a law firm. Not being very familiar with the way things work in the corporate world, she watches her colleagues closely and tries to learn from their mistakes and achievements. This can be described as ________. 18) ______ A) motor reproduction B) social learning C) reflexive learning D) positive reinforcement

B) social learning

14) Which of the following is a type of specific training provided by organizations? 14) ______ A) communication skills B) team building skills C) technological skills D) supervisory skills

B) team building

19) A social network structure refers to ________. 19) ______ A) the formal norms and rules of a group that members must abide by B) the informal connections among individuals within groups C) the varying skills and knowledge that the members of a group posses D) the extent of diversity in a formal group

B) the informal connections among individuals within groups

10) A disadvantage of using professional recruiting organizations is ________. 10) ______ A) that they do not increase the diversity and mix of employees B) their limited commitment to specific companies C) that they can only be used for entry-level positions D) that they generate many unqualified candidates

B) their limited commitment to specific companies

5) Which of the following traits is negatively related to group productivity and morale? 5) _______ A) sociability B) unconventionality C) self-reliance D) independence

B) unconventionality

6) The two most common forms of representative participation are ________. 6) _______ A) task forces and cross-functional teams B) work councils and board representatives C) work councils and cross-functional teams D) board representatives and cross-functional teams

B) work councils and board representatives

14) ________ theory explains how we judge people differently depending on what meaning we ascribe to a given behavior. 14) ___ ___ A) Behavior B) Stereotype C) Attribution D) Perception

C) Attribution

10) Which of the following is true of nonverbal communication? 10) ______ A) It is involuntary; it cannot be used deliberately. B) It is synonymous with body language. C) It carries greater impact than verbal communication. D) It is absent in spoken communication.

C) It carries greater impact than verbal communication.

14) A low-to-moderate level of task conflict consistently has a positive effect on group performance. What is the reason for this? 14) ______ A) It helps the organization identify employee skills gaps. B) It helps groups members identify their individual strengths and weaknesses. C) It stimulates discussion of ideas that help groups be more innovative. D) It helps groups to alter the nature of the work according to the individual needs of team members.

C) It stimulates discussion of ideas that help groups be more innovative.

5) Which of the following Acts gives employees the legal right to examine personnel files and letters of reference? 5) _______ A) Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification Act B) Civil Rights Act, Title VII C) Privacy Act D) Consolidated Omnibus Reconciliation Act

C) Privacy Act

18) An organization's grapevine works as ________. 18) ______ A) a method for managers to communicate official policy B) both a formal and an informal communication method C) a filter and a feedback mechanism for managers D) a method for management to control the dissemination of information

C) a filter and a feedback mechanism for managers

18) It was amazing the team accomplished anything at all. It seemed they were always bickering and cross with each other but their final output stunned management. Which of the following might have contributed to their success? 18) ______ A) Type A personalities B) identical skills C) clear goals D) intrinsic rewards

C) clear goals

3) The component of attitude that includes beliefs and opinions is the ________ component. 3) _______ A) mental B) affective C) cognitive D) behavioral

C) cognitive

16) Which of the following methods of performance appraisal allows the evaluator to focus on vital behaviors that separate effective work performance from ineffective work performance? 16) ______ A) written essay B) behaviorally anchored rating scale C) critical incident D) graphic rating scale

C) critical incident

7) The process through which the symbols of a message are translated by the receiver into a form that he or she can understand is called ________. 7) _______ A) encoding B) reinstating C) decoding D) expanding

C) decoding

13) During her performance evaluation, Cindy omitted a few of the details about her problems with her subordinates because she was afraid he supervisor would think her unfit for management. This is an example of ________. 13) ______ A) self-advancement B) lying by omission C) filtering D) framing

C) filtering

8) Her instincts told her the group was heading in a very wrong direction but Natalie didn't want to cause a scene by disagreeing, especially when she was apparently the only one with reservations. Natalie has succumbed to ________. 8) _______ A) groupshift B) social loafing C) groupthink D) group norms

C) groupthink

14) Listening is an active search for meaning, whereas ________ is passive. 14) ______ A) encoding B) decoding C) hearing D) speaking

C) hearing

17) In a(n) ________ communication network, all communication passes through a clearly identifiable leader to the others in a team and upward from team members to the leader. 17) ______ A) chain B) circular C) wheel D) all-channel

C) wheel

7) Asch's experiment, which used lines of varying lengths to test group behavior, has shown the existence of ________. 7) _______ A) role conflicts B) group norms C) workplace conformity D) social loafing

C) workplace conformity

9) Peter, an assistant manager, exhibits a distinct lack of emotional involvement with his colleagues and subordinates. His entire focus is on achieving the goals he sets, no matter what the course he has to take to get there. These traits lead an observer to conclude that Peter ________. 9) _______ A) has low self-esteem B) is high on self-monitoring C) is high on Machiavellianism D) has high cognitive dissonance

C) is high on Machiavellianism

11) Joan needs to eliminate some employees for a short while. She and her managers identify those employees who are not meeting performance expectations and explain that this termination is temporary but they are encouraged to seek other positions elsewhere. How is Jane trying to reduce the size of the workforce here? 11) ______ A) early retirements B) reduced workweeks C) layoffs D) firing

C) layoffs

10) Though clearly capable, Mary does not seem very confident of herself. She is always unsure of whether she canhandle assignments that are difficult and as a result ends up choosing jobs that are fairly straight forward and involve routine work. She is also susceptible to evaluations from other people. Mary seems to have ________. 10) ___ A) high cognitive dissonance B) low self-monitoring C) low self-esteem D) a high Machiavellianism score

C) low self-esteem

13) Holland's theory proposes that satisfaction is highest and turnover lowest when ________. 13) ______ A) the locus of control is internal B) an employee can adjust behavior to external factors C) personality and occupation are compatible D) an employee is social and realistic

C) personality and occupation are compatible

10) Individuals have the tendency to expend less effort when working collectively than when working individually. Which of the following concepts relates most closely to this behavior? 10) ______ A) role conflict B) nonconformity C) social loafing D) role ambiguity

C) social loafing

8) Which of the following is true for the communication process? 8) _______ A) The sender decodes the message and then transmits it. B) The decoding process takes place within the channel. C) Noise cannot affect the encoding of the message. D) Encoding takes place before the message reaches the medium.

D) Encoding takes place before the message reaches the medium.

11) This group really clicked. They got along well both professionally and socially. While at work they focused on work. This group is likely to experience ________ in productivity. 11) ______ A) no change B) a decrease C) a moderate increase D) a strong increase

D) a strong increase

4) The ________ component of attitude is based on emotions. 4) _______ A) cognitive B) spiritual C) behavioral D) affective

D) affective

11) People with high self-esteem ________. 11) ______ A) are more susceptible to external influence B) are more prone to conform to the beliefs of those they respect C) are more likely to seek approval from others D) are more likely to take unpopular stands

D) are more likely to take unpopular stands

13) Application forms ________. 13) ______ A) are not used for managerial positions B) use actual job behaviors C) include personality and interest forms D) are most useful for gathering information

D) are most useful for gathering information

16) Research evidence suggests that teams typically outperform individuals when ________. 16) ______ A) tasks are simple and do not involve critical thinking B) projects are short-term and need quick solutions C) one or more members are allowed to dominate the other team members D) tasks require multiple skills, judgment, and experience

D) tasks require multiple skills, judgment, and experience

8) In the Big Five Model of personality, conscientiousness refers to ________. 8) _______ A) the degree to which someone is calm, enthusiastic, and secure (positive) or tense, nervous, depressed, and insecure (negative) B) the degree of influence the individual believes he or she has over certain factors C) the degree to which someone is sociable, talkative, assertive, and comfortable in relationships with others D) the degree to which someone is reliable, responsible, dependable, persistent, and achievement oriented

D) the degree to which someone is reliable, responsible, dependable, persistent, and achievement oriented

4) Bonnie has had a bad day. She is venting to her supervisor about her problems. Bonnie is using communication ________. 4) _______ A) to inform her supervisor of her personal problems B) to control behavior C) to motivate her supervisor to take action D) to express her emotions

D) to express her emotions

1) Good communication occurs only when the recipient ________. 1) _______ A) agrees with the sender's message B) makes eye contact with the speaker C) acknowledges the message D) understands the speaker's meaning

D) understands the speaker's meaning

12) A ________ selection device is characterized by a proven relationship between the selection device and some relevant job selection criterion. 12) ______ A) objective B) reliable C) subjective D) valid

D) valid