Micro chapter 16
Which of the following is found normally in serum
Complement
Which of the following exhibits the highest phagocytic activity?
Macrophages
Which of the following statements is TRUE
There are at least thirty complement proteins
Which of the following statements about fixed macrophages is FALSE
They develop from neutrophils
Normal microbiota provide protection from infection in each of the following ways EXCEPT
They produce lysozyme
T or F: Aspirin alleviates pain, inflammation, and fever by inhibiting prostaglandins.
True
T or F: Histamine and kinins cause increased blood flow and capillary permeability.
True
T or F: Maturation of stem cells into mature blood cells occurs in the red bone marrow.
True
T or F: Microorganisms that are members of the normal microbiota are also known to cause disease.
True
All of the following pertain to fever EXCEPT that it
accelerates microbial growth by increasing iron absorption from the digestive tract
Activation of C3a results in
acute inflammation
Margination refers to
adherence of phagocytes to the lining of blood vessels
All of the following are components of the inflammatory process EXCEPT
antibody synthesis
The classical pathway for complement activation is initiated by
antigen-antibody reactions
A chill is a sign that
body temperature is rising
Lysozyme and the antibiotic penicillin have similar mechanisms of action in that they both cause damage to the bacterial
cell wall
Which of the following is mismatched
chemotaxis chemical degradation inside a phagolysosome
After ingesting a pathogen, lysosomal enzymes produce all of the following EXCEPT
complement
Several inherited deficiencies in the complement system occur in humans. Which of the following would be the MOST severe?
deficiency of C3
Which of the following is involved in resistance to parasitic helminths?
eosinophils
Each of the following provides protection from phagocytic digestion EXCEPT
formation of phagolysosomes
The swelling associated with inflammation decreases when the fluid
goes into lymph capillaries
Which of the following is an effect of opsonization
increased adherence of phagocytes to microorganisms
The antimicrobial effects of AMPs include all of the following EXCEPT
inhibition of phagocytosis
Each of the following is an effect of complement activation EXCEPT
interference with viral replication
A child falls and suffers a deep cut on her leg. The cut went through her skin and she is bleeding. Which of the following defense mechanisms will participate in eliminating contaminating microbes?
phagocytosis in the inflammatory response
Neutrophils with defective lysosomes are unable to
produce toxic oxygen products
All of the following are effects of histamine EXCEPT
production of antibodies
Innate immunity includes all of the following EXCEPT
production of antibody
All of the following are iron-binding proteins found in humans EXCEPT
siderophorin
A differential cell count is used to determine each of the following EXCEPT
the number of red blood cells
All of the following are part of the mechanism of action of alpha and beta interferons EXCEPT
they are effective for long periods
All of the following are true regarding NK cells EXCEPT
they destroy infected body cells by phagocytosis
TLRs attach to all of the following EXCEPT
AMPs
The complement protein cascade is the same for the classical pathway, alternative pathway, and lectin pathway after the point in the cascade where the activation of ________ takes place.
C3
Which of the following statements about the classical pathway of complement activation is FALSE?
C3 is not involved in the classical pathway
T or F: An example of a TLR would be peptidoglycan found in the cell wall of gram-positive bacteria.
False
T or F: Complement proteins in their intact and unactivated form act as opsonins by binding to microorganisms and promoting phagocytosis.
False
T or F: Digestion of microorganisms occurs in phagosomes.
False
T or F: The dermis is composed of connective tissue and serves the primary purpose of providing direct protection from the external environment.
False
T or F: The inflammatory response can only be triggered by an infection.
False
All of the following are effects of histamine EXCEPT
Fever
Which of the following statements is TRUE
Gamma interferon causes bactericidal activity by macrophages
All of the following protect the skin and mucous membranes from infection EXCEPT
HCl
The alternative pathway for complement activation is initiated by
lipid-carbohydrate complexes and C3
Activation of C5-C9 results in
lysis of microbial cells
Phagocytes utilize all of the following to optimize interaction with (getting to and getting hold of) microorganisms EXCEPT
lysozyme
All of the following increase blood vessel permeability EXCEPT
lysozymes
The lectin pathway for complement action is initiated by
mannose on the surface of microbes
Macrophages arise from which of the following?
monocytes
Which non-specific defense mechanism is mismatched with its associated body structure or body fluid?
mucociliary escalator intestines
Innate immunity is
nonspecific and present at birth
The function of the ciliary escalator is to
trap inhaled dust and microorganisms in mucus and propel it away from the lower respiratory tract
All of the following occur during inflammation. What is the first step?
vasodilation