Micro chapter 16

Which of the following is found normally in serum

Complement

Which of the following exhibits the highest phagocytic activity?

Macrophages

Which of the following statements is TRUE

There are at least thirty complement proteins

Which of the following statements about fixed macrophages is FALSE

They develop from neutrophils

Normal microbiota provide protection from infection in each of the following ways EXCEPT

They produce lysozyme

T or F: Aspirin alleviates pain, inflammation, and fever by inhibiting prostaglandins.

True

T or F: Histamine and kinins cause increased blood flow and capillary permeability.

True

T or F: Maturation of stem cells into mature blood cells occurs in the red bone marrow.

True

T or F: Microorganisms that are members of the normal microbiota are also known to cause disease.

True

All of the following pertain to fever EXCEPT that it

accelerates microbial growth by increasing iron absorption from the digestive tract

Activation of C3a results in

acute inflammation

Margination refers to

adherence of phagocytes to the lining of blood vessels

All of the following are components of the inflammatory process EXCEPT

antibody synthesis

The classical pathway for complement activation is initiated by

antigen-antibody reactions

A chill is a sign that

body temperature is rising

Lysozyme and the antibiotic penicillin have similar mechanisms of action in that they both cause damage to the bacterial

cell wall

Which of the following is mismatched

chemotaxis chemical degradation inside a phagolysosome

After ingesting a pathogen, lysosomal enzymes produce all of the following EXCEPT

complement

Several inherited deficiencies in the complement system occur in humans. Which of the following would be the MOST severe?

deficiency of C3

Which of the following is involved in resistance to parasitic helminths?

eosinophils

Each of the following provides protection from phagocytic digestion EXCEPT

formation of phagolysosomes

The swelling associated with inflammation decreases when the fluid

goes into lymph capillaries

Which of the following is an effect of opsonization

increased adherence of phagocytes to microorganisms

The antimicrobial effects of AMPs include all of the following EXCEPT

inhibition of phagocytosis

Each of the following is an effect of complement activation EXCEPT

interference with viral replication

A child falls and suffers a deep cut on her leg. The cut went through her skin and she is bleeding. Which of the following defense mechanisms will participate in eliminating contaminating microbes?

phagocytosis in the inflammatory response

Neutrophils with defective lysosomes are unable to

produce toxic oxygen products

All of the following are effects of histamine EXCEPT

production of antibodies

Innate immunity includes all of the following EXCEPT

production of antibody

All of the following are iron-binding proteins found in humans EXCEPT

siderophorin

A differential cell count is used to determine each of the following EXCEPT

the number of red blood cells

All of the following are part of the mechanism of action of alpha and beta interferons EXCEPT

they are effective for long periods

All of the following are true regarding NK cells EXCEPT

they destroy infected body cells by phagocytosis

TLRs attach to all of the following EXCEPT

AMPs

The complement protein cascade is the same for the classical pathway, alternative pathway, and lectin pathway after the point in the cascade where the activation of ________ takes place.

C3

Which of the following statements about the classical pathway of complement activation is FALSE?

C3 is not involved in the classical pathway

T or F: An example of a TLR would be peptidoglycan found in the cell wall of gram-positive bacteria.

False

T or F: Complement proteins in their intact and unactivated form act as opsonins by binding to microorganisms and promoting phagocytosis.

False

T or F: Digestion of microorganisms occurs in phagosomes.

False

T or F: The dermis is composed of connective tissue and serves the primary purpose of providing direct protection from the external environment.

False

T or F: The inflammatory response can only be triggered by an infection.

False

All of the following are effects of histamine EXCEPT

Fever

Which of the following statements is TRUE

Gamma interferon causes bactericidal activity by macrophages

All of the following protect the skin and mucous membranes from infection EXCEPT

HCl

The alternative pathway for complement activation is initiated by

lipid-carbohydrate complexes and C3

Activation of C5-C9 results in

lysis of microbial cells

Phagocytes utilize all of the following to optimize interaction with (getting to and getting hold of) microorganisms EXCEPT

lysozyme

All of the following increase blood vessel permeability EXCEPT

lysozymes

The lectin pathway for complement action is initiated by

mannose on the surface of microbes

Macrophages arise from which of the following?

monocytes

Which non-specific defense mechanism is mismatched with its associated body structure or body fluid?

mucociliary escalator intestines

Innate immunity is

nonspecific and present at birth

The function of the ciliary escalator is to

trap inhaled dust and microorganisms in mucus and propel it away from the lower respiratory tract

All of the following occur during inflammation. What is the first step?

vasodilation