Micro Chpt 14

The bacterium known for causing pseudomembranous colitis, a potentially deadly superinfection, is ________.

Clostridium difficile

IfdrugAproducesalargerzoneofinhibitionthandrugBontheKirby-Bauerdiskdiffusiontest,drugAshould always be prescribed

False

Narrow-spectrum antimicrobials are commonly used for prophylaxis following surgery.

False

Which of the following techniques cannot be used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration of an antimicrobial drug against a particular microbe? a. Etest b. microbroth dilution test c. Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion test d. macrobroth dilution test

Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion test

Which of the following types of drug-resistant bacteria do not typically persist in individuals as a member of their intestinal microbiota? a. MRSA b. VRE c. CRE d. ESBL-producing bacteria

MRSA

Echinocandins, known as "penicillin for fungi," target β(1→3) glucan in fungal cell walls

True

The rate of discovery of antimicrobial drugs has decreased significantly in recent decades.

True

The group of soil bacteria known for their ability to produce a wide variety of antimicrobials is called the ________.

actinomycetes

Which of the following is an antimalarial drug that is thought to increase ROS levels in target cells? a. artemisinin b. amphotericin b c. praziquantel d. pleconaril

artemisinin

Which of the following drug classes specifically inhibits neuronal transmission in helminths? a. quinolines b. avermectins c. amantadines d. imidazole

avermectins

Which of the following is a nucleoside analog commonlyusedasareversetranscriptaseinhibitorinthe treatment of HIV? a. acyclovir b. ribavirin c. adenine-arabinoside d. azidothymidine

azidothymidine

Which of the following is not an appropriate target for antifungal drugs? a. ergosterol b. chitin c. cholesterol d. β(1→3) glucan

cholesterol

In the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion test, the _______ of the zone of inhibition is measured and used for interpretation. a. diameter b. microbial population c. circumference d. depth

diameter

Which of the following resistance mechanisms describes the function of β-lactamase? a. efflux pump b. target mimicry c. drug inactivation d. target overproduction

drug inactivation

The method that can determine the MICs of multiple antimicrobial drugs against a microbial strain using a single agar plate is called the ________.

e test

Which of the following resistance mechanisms is commonly effective against a wide range of antimicrobials in multiple classes? a. efflux pump b. target mimicry c. target modification d. target overproduction

efflux pump

Which of the following resistance mechanisms is the most nonspecific to a particular class of antimicrobials? a. drug modification b. target mimicry c. target modification d. efflux pump

efflux pump

β-lactamases can degrade vancomycin.

false

Which of the following is not a type of β-lactam antimicrobial? a. penicillins b. glycopeptides c. cephalosporins d. monobactams

glycopeptides

The utility of an antibiogram is that it shows antimicrobial susceptibility trends a. over a large geographic area. b. for an individual patient. c. in research laboratory strains. d. in a localized population.

in a localized population

Which of the following combinations would most likelycontributetothedevelopmentofasuperinfection? a. long-termuseofnarrow-spectrumantimicrobials b. long-term use of broad-spectrum antimicrobials c. short-term use of narrow-spectrum antimicrobials d. short-term use of broad-spectrum antimicrobials

long-term use of broad-spectrum antimicrobials

Which of the following antimicrobials inhibits the activity of DNA gyrase? a. polymyxin B b. clindamycin c. nalidixic acid d. rifampin

nalidixic acid

Staphylococcus aureus, including MRSA strains, may commonly be carried as a normal member of the ________ microbiota in some people.

nasal

Antiviral drugs, like Tamiflu and Relenza, that are effective against the influenza virus by preventing viral escape from host cells are called ________.

neuraminidase inhibitors

Which of the following routes of administration would be appropriate and convenient for home administration of an antimicrobial to treat a systemic infection? a. oral b. intravenous c. topical d. parenteral

oral

Selective toxicity antimicrobials are easier to develop against bacteria because they are ________ cells, where as human cells are eukaryotic.

prokaryotic

Which of the following terms refers to the ability of anantimicrobialdrugtoharmthetargetmicrobewithout harming the host? a. mode of action b. therapeutic level c. spectrum of activity d. selective toxicity

selective toxicity

A scientist discovers that a soil bacterium he has beenstudyingproducesanantimicrobialthatkillsgramnegative bacteria. She isolates and purifies the antimicrobial compound, then chemically converts a chemical side chain to a hydroxyl group. When she tests the antimicrobial properties of this new version, she finds that this antimicrobial drug can now also kill gram-positivebacteria.Thenewantimicrobialdrugwith broad-spectrumactivityisconsideredtobewhichofthe following? a. resistant b. semisynthetic c. synthetic d. natural

semisynthetic

Which of the following has yielded compounds with the most antimicrobial activity? a. water b. air c. volcanoes d. soil

soil

Which of the following antimicrobial drugs is synthetic? a. sulfanilamide b. penicillin c. actinomycin d. neomycin

sulfanilamide

Which of the following does not bind to the 50S ribosomal subunit? a. tetracyclines b. lincosamides c. macrolides d. chloramphenicol

tetracyclines

Which clinical situation would be appropriate for treatment with a narrow-spectrum antimicrobial drug? a. treatment of a polymicrobic mixed infection in the intestine b. prophylaxis against infection after a surgical procedure c. treatment of strep throat caused by culture identifiedStreptococcus pyogenes d. empiric therapy of pneumonia while waiting for culture results

treatment of strep throat caused by culture identified Streptococcus pyogenes