Micro Exam 2
How many ATP molecules can theoretically be produced from the NADH generated by the catabolism of a molecule of glucose during aerobic respiration
34
A microbiologist inoculates a flask of broth with 1 ml of 100 bacterial cells/ml. The generation time of the species is 1 hour, and there is no lag phase. How long will it be before the culture contains more than 6,000 cells/ml?
6 hours
light independent pathways
Calvin benson cycle
As the concentration of substance increases, the activity of the enzymes decreases.
False
Essential amino acids are amino acids that cannot be synthesized by an organism and so must be provided as nutrients
True
Quorum sensing in involved in the development and propagation of a biofilm
True
Thylakoid
Where the photosytems are located
A microorganism grows in the lab on medium containing mineral salts but no organic compounds. The organism is likely to be
autotroph
MacConkey agar plates represent ___________ medium
both a differential and a selective
carbon benson
carbon fixing reaction
An organism that requires chemical nutrients which serve as final electron acceptors is a(n)
chemotroph
A _________ is used in industrial microbiology to produce microbial products that are only synthesized during log growth
chemstat
Many vitamins are important ________ of enzymes.
coenzymes
Sulfanilamide is an antimicrobial drug that mimics the shape of an important substrate for a particular bacterial enzyme, thereby inhibiting the enzyme. This type of inhibition is known as
competitive inhibition
When a cell uses an amino acid ( monomer of a protein ) in certain avenues of cellular respiration they must first remove an amino group, this process is called
deamination
A laboratory protocol lists the following ingredients: 1 g sucrose, 16.4 Na2HPO4, 1.5 g (NH4)3PO4, 0.02 g CaCO3, KO3, water, to 1 liter and autoclave. This recipe is for a
defined broth
Blood agar plates are an example of ________ medium.
differential
Glycolysis yields 4 ATP and one pyruvate molecule
false
Anabolic reactions may be characterized as
forming large molecules from smaller molecules
Pyruvic acid is a product of
glycolysis
Where is the majority of ATP generated in prokaryotic cell
in the cytoplasmic membrane
Which of the following statements concerning glycolysis is TRUE
it requires the input of ATP and produces ATP
Which of the following is a fermentation product useful in the manufacturing of cheese
lactic acid
The generation time of bacteria cells is shortest during the _________ phase
log
The growth of bacterial cultures is best described as
logarithmic growth
Human pathogens are classified as
mesophiles
A(n) _________ organism require(s) oxygen for growth
obligate aerobic
A Microbe that grow only at the bottom of a tube of thiogycollate medium is probably a(n)
obligate anaerobe
Nitrogen is a growth-limiting nutrient for many organisms because
only a few microbes can extract it from the atmosphere, but all organisms require it for amino acid and nucleotide synthesis
A cell that uses an organic carbon source and obtains energy from light would be called a
photoheterotroph
Which of the following statements concerning enzymes is FALSE
the always function best at 37 degrees C
The process known as photosynthesis can be defined as
the capture of light energy from the sun to use in the process of creating glucose from carbon dioxide
Where is the majority of ATP generated in prokaryotic cells
the cytoplasmic membrane
A clinical sample labeled sputum was collected from
the lungs
Aerobic respiration involves Glycolysis (even though it does not require oxygen), Krebs cycle and ETC
true
Differential media are not useful for isolation of microbes
true
The ________ of a population is the time it takes for the cells to double in number.
Generation Time
A microorganism found living under conditions of high ________ is a barophile.
Hydrostatic pressure
When cells are metabolically active but not dividing, they are in the __________ phase
Lag
The generation time of bacteria cells is shortest during the ________ phase
Log
In the process of ________, microbes detect the presence and density of other microbes and modify their metabolic activity in response.
quorum sensing
Enrichment culturing may require use of controlled environment conditions
true
Fatty acids and glycerol molecules are subcomponents of lipids that can be used in krebs cycle, or glycolysis, respectively
true
Thermoduric mesophiles are often responsible for the spoilage of improperly canned foods
true
Which of the following is an indirect method for estimating the number of microbes in a sample
turbidity
The _______ method provides an estimate of the CFUs (colony-forming units) in a sample
viable plate- count
the various types of chlorophyll differ in the:
wavelengths of light they absorb
noncyclic photophosphorylation produces
ATP and NADPH
Which of the following is TRUE concerning the structure and function of enzymes
After an enzyme,e has catalyzed a reaction, it resumes its original shape and can interact with a new substance
________ are complex communities of various types of microbes that adhere to surfaces.
Biofilms
Which of the following is/are common to chemiosmosis and the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis?
Both electron transport and proton gradient
The input and output of the calvin benson cycle include
Carbon Dioxide, ATP, and glucose
Which of the following statements is CORRECT regarding Figure 6.1?
Cells are alive but not reproducing during the stage represented by A.
Nitrogen Fixation results in the production of atmospheric nitrogen gas (N2)
False
The events of binary fission are : I. the cell doubles in size II. the DNA is replicated III. the cell forms a septum IV. the cell separates from it offspring The correct order of these events is
II. the DNA is replicated I. the cell doubles in size III. the cell forms a septum IV. the cell separates from its offspring
Grana
Stacks of thylakoids
A(n) _________ organism require(s) oxygen for growth
Obligate aerobic
The use of salt and sugar in preserving various types of foods in an application of which of the following concepts:
Osmotic pressure
Microaerophiles are microbes that grow best at low
Oxygen levels
Water is required in
PS II
light dependent pathways
PS II, PS I
Which of the following is associated with the Calvin- Benson Cycle
RuBP
Stroma
Space between the outer membrane and the thylakoid membrane
The method of obtaining isolated cultures that utilizes surface area to physically dilute specimen is called
The streak-plate technique
Quorum sensing is involved in the development and propagation of a biofilm.
True
Some photosynthetic bacteria use chlorophylls other than chlorophyll a.
True
The ability to utilize different metabolites for cellular respiration is one method for identifying bacteria
True
anaerobic respiration includes the different forms of fermentation
True
Which of the following organisms would most likely to contaminate a jar of pickles?
An acidophile
Rates of cell production and cell death are approximately equal during the ________ phase of growth.
Stationary
The molecule that an enzyme acts upon is known as its
Substrate
Organisms that can grow with or without oxygen present are
either facultative anaerobes or aerotolerant anaerobes
photosystems
energy fixing reaction
Agar is a useful compound in the microbiology lab because it is an excellent nutrient for bacteria
false
Competitive inhibition involves a substance blocking the allosteric site of an enzyme and changing the shape of the active site
false
At temperatures higher than the maximum growth temperature for an organism
hydrogen bonds are broken, proteins are denatured, and membranes become too fluid
An epidemiologist is investigating a new disease and observes what appear to be bacteria inside tissue cells in clinical samples from victims. The scientist wants to try to isolate the bacteria in the lab. What culture conditions are most useful?
inoculation of cell cultures
cyclic phosphorylation
involves PS I only
noncyclic photophosphorylation
involves both PS I and PS II