Micro Exam 2

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How many ATP molecules can theoretically be produced from the NADH generated by the catabolism of a molecule of glucose during aerobic respiration

34

A microbiologist inoculates a flask of broth with 1 ml of 100 bacterial cells/ml. The generation time of the species is 1 hour, and there is no lag phase. How long will it be before the culture contains more than 6,000 cells/ml?

6 hours

light independent pathways

Calvin benson cycle

As the concentration of substance increases, the activity of the enzymes decreases.

False

Essential amino acids are amino acids that cannot be synthesized by an organism and so must be provided as nutrients

True

Quorum sensing in involved in the development and propagation of a biofilm

True

Thylakoid

Where the photosytems are located

A microorganism grows in the lab on medium containing mineral salts but no organic compounds. The organism is likely to be

autotroph

MacConkey agar plates represent ___________ medium

both a differential and a selective

carbon benson

carbon fixing reaction

An organism that requires chemical nutrients which serve as final electron acceptors is a(n)

chemotroph

A _________ is used in industrial microbiology to produce microbial products that are only synthesized during log growth

chemstat

Many vitamins are important ________ of enzymes.

coenzymes

Sulfanilamide is an antimicrobial drug that mimics the shape of an important substrate for a particular bacterial enzyme, thereby inhibiting the enzyme. This type of inhibition is known as

competitive inhibition

When a cell uses an amino acid ( monomer of a protein ) in certain avenues of cellular respiration they must first remove an amino group, this process is called

deamination

A laboratory protocol lists the following ingredients: 1 g sucrose, 16.4 Na2HPO4, 1.5 g (NH4)3PO4, 0.02 g CaCO3, KO3, water, to 1 liter and autoclave. This recipe is for a

defined broth

Blood agar plates are an example of ________ medium.

differential

Glycolysis yields 4 ATP and one pyruvate molecule

false

Anabolic reactions may be characterized as

forming large molecules from smaller molecules

Pyruvic acid is a product of

glycolysis

Where is the majority of ATP generated in prokaryotic cell

in the cytoplasmic membrane

Which of the following statements concerning glycolysis is TRUE

it requires the input of ATP and produces ATP

Which of the following is a fermentation product useful in the manufacturing of cheese

lactic acid

The generation time of bacteria cells is shortest during the _________ phase

log

The growth of bacterial cultures is best described as

logarithmic growth

Human pathogens are classified as

mesophiles

A(n) _________ organism require(s) oxygen for growth

obligate aerobic

A Microbe that grow only at the bottom of a tube of thiogycollate medium is probably a(n)

obligate anaerobe

Nitrogen is a growth-limiting nutrient for many organisms because

only a few microbes can extract it from the atmosphere, but all organisms require it for amino acid and nucleotide synthesis

A cell that uses an organic carbon source and obtains energy from light would be called a

photoheterotroph

Which of the following statements concerning enzymes is FALSE

the always function best at 37 degrees C

The process known as photosynthesis can be defined as

the capture of light energy from the sun to use in the process of creating glucose from carbon dioxide

Where is the majority of ATP generated in prokaryotic cells

the cytoplasmic membrane

A clinical sample labeled sputum was collected from

the lungs

Aerobic respiration involves Glycolysis (even though it does not require oxygen), Krebs cycle and ETC

true

Differential media are not useful for isolation of microbes

true

The ________ of a population is the time it takes for the cells to double in number.

Generation Time

A microorganism found living under conditions of high ________ is a barophile.

Hydrostatic pressure

When cells are metabolically active but not dividing, they are in the __________ phase

Lag

The generation time of bacteria cells is shortest during the ________ phase

Log

In the process of ________, microbes detect the presence and density of other microbes and modify their metabolic activity in response.

quorum sensing

Enrichment culturing may require use of controlled environment conditions

true

Fatty acids and glycerol molecules are subcomponents of lipids that can be used in krebs cycle, or glycolysis, respectively

true

Thermoduric mesophiles are often responsible for the spoilage of improperly canned foods

true

Which of the following is an indirect method for estimating the number of microbes in a sample

turbidity

The _______ method provides an estimate of the CFUs (colony-forming units) in a sample

viable plate- count

the various types of chlorophyll differ in the:

wavelengths of light they absorb

noncyclic photophosphorylation produces

ATP and NADPH

Which of the following is TRUE concerning the structure and function of enzymes

After an enzyme,e has catalyzed a reaction, it resumes its original shape and can interact with a new substance

________ are complex communities of various types of microbes that adhere to surfaces.

Biofilms

Which of the following is/are common to chemiosmosis and the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis?

Both electron transport and proton gradient

The input and output of the calvin benson cycle include

Carbon Dioxide, ATP, and glucose

Which of the following statements is CORRECT regarding Figure 6.1?

Cells are alive but not reproducing during the stage represented by A.

Nitrogen Fixation results in the production of atmospheric nitrogen gas (N2)

False

The events of binary fission are : I. the cell doubles in size II. the DNA is replicated III. the cell forms a septum IV. the cell separates from it offspring The correct order of these events is

II. the DNA is replicated I. the cell doubles in size III. the cell forms a septum IV. the cell separates from its offspring

Grana

Stacks of thylakoids

A(n) _________ organism require(s) oxygen for growth

Obligate aerobic

The use of salt and sugar in preserving various types of foods in an application of which of the following concepts:

Osmotic pressure

Microaerophiles are microbes that grow best at low

Oxygen levels

Water is required in

PS II

light dependent pathways

PS II, PS I

Which of the following is associated with the Calvin- Benson Cycle

RuBP

Stroma

Space between the outer membrane and the thylakoid membrane

The method of obtaining isolated cultures that utilizes surface area to physically dilute specimen is called

The streak-plate technique

Quorum sensing is involved in the development and propagation of a biofilm.

True

Some photosynthetic bacteria use chlorophylls other than chlorophyll a.

True

The ability to utilize different metabolites for cellular respiration is one method for identifying bacteria

True

anaerobic respiration includes the different forms of fermentation

True

Which of the following organisms would most likely to contaminate a jar of pickles?

An acidophile

Rates of cell production and cell death are approximately equal during the ________ phase of growth.

Stationary

The molecule that an enzyme acts upon is known as its

Substrate

Organisms that can grow with or without oxygen present are

either facultative anaerobes or aerotolerant anaerobes

photosystems

energy fixing reaction

Agar is a useful compound in the microbiology lab because it is an excellent nutrient for bacteria

false

Competitive inhibition involves a substance blocking the allosteric site of an enzyme and changing the shape of the active site

false

At temperatures higher than the maximum growth temperature for an organism

hydrogen bonds are broken, proteins are denatured, and membranes become too fluid

An epidemiologist is investigating a new disease and observes what appear to be bacteria inside tissue cells in clinical samples from victims. The scientist wants to try to isolate the bacteria in the lab. What culture conditions are most useful?

inoculation of cell cultures

cyclic phosphorylation

involves PS I only

noncyclic photophosphorylation

involves both PS I and PS II


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