Micro module 1
Which of the following describes a viroid?
It can infect plants. It consists of RNA.
You discover an agent that multiplies in plant cells and consists of only a single RNA molecule. It must be a(n) _______
viroid
Who experimented with raw meat, worms, and flies in an attempt to disprove spontaneous generation?
Francesco Redi
Certain microbes are able to convert N2 into a form of nitrogen that plants and animals can use. This process is called nitrogen
fixation
Prions are _______ that cause a number of diseases in _______.
infectious proteins; animals
Which group includes some members that can convert N2 (the most common gas in the atmosphere) to a form other organisms can use to make proteins and nucleic acids?
microbes
The Germ Theory of Disease states that ______
microorganisms cause certain diseases
is the term used for any disease-causing microorganism.
pathogen
In general, disease-causing organisms are referred to as which of the following?
pathogens
You discover an agent that multiplies in plant cells and consists of only a single RNA molecule. It must be a(n) _______.
viroid
Which of the following are classified as acellular infectious agents?
viruses prions viroids
Bioremediation refers to ______.
using bacteria to clean up pollutants
Redi first disproved the theory of spontaneous generation by showing that ______.
worms only appear on decaying meat that has been exposed to flies
The use of microorganisms to hasten the degradation of harmful chemicals is called
Biodegradation or Bioremediation
Which of the following are manufactured by microbial fermentation?
Cheese Yogurt Beer
Which group includes some members that can convert N2 (the most common gas in the atmosphere) to a form other organisms can use to make proteins and nucleic acids?
Microbes - through nitrogen fixation
Prions are _______ that cause a number of diseases in _______
infectious proteins; animals
Spongiform encephalopathies are caused by infectious proteins. This information indicates that the infectious agent is a(n)
prion
Which of the following are the most resistant to sterilization techniques?
prions
Today, the bacteria added to some fermented milk products are advertised as _______.
probiotics
John Tyndall's experiments in the 1870s showed that microorganisms remained in some broths even after boiling for 5 hours. This was later explained by presence of endospores in his broths. Pasteur might have had results similar to Tyndall's if he had used which two materials to make his broths?
soil hay
If Pasteur had performed his spontaneous generation experiments in a horse stable, his results would likely have ______.
supported the idea of spontaneous generation
Biotechnology
Biotechnology is the use of microbiological and biochemical techniques to solve practical problems, for example, the production of insulin by genetically engineered microbes.
Which is an example of bioremediation?
Using microbes to break down oil after a spill in the ocean
The microbial world includes three main agents that cannot reproduce independently and are thus considered non-living. These are the
Viruses Viroids Prions
Which of the following statements is true regarding viruses?
Viruses are acellular. Viruses consist of nucleic acid and protein. Viruses are nonliving.
Which of the following about microorganisms is true?
We could not survive without them.
fermentation
a metabolic process involving the partial oxidation of an organic compound. Microbes are often used for their fermentation capabilities, for example, in the making of cheeses, pickled vegetables, breads, wines, and beers.
Which of the following describes the use of microorganisms to hasten the degradation of pollutants?
bioremediation
Viruses are ______.
obligate intracellular agents
Prions are misfolded proteins that cause _______.
the normal version of the protein to also misfold