Micro module 1

Which of the following describes a viroid?

It can infect plants. It consists of RNA.

You discover an agent that multiplies in plant cells and consists of only a single RNA molecule. It must be a(n) _______

viroid

Who experimented with raw meat, worms, and flies in an attempt to disprove spontaneous generation?

Francesco Redi

Certain microbes are able to convert N2 into a form of nitrogen that plants and animals can use. This process is called nitrogen

fixation

Prions are _______ that cause a number of diseases in _______.

infectious proteins; animals

Which group includes some members that can convert N2 (the most common gas in the atmosphere) to a form other organisms can use to make proteins and nucleic acids?

microbes

The Germ Theory of Disease states that ______

microorganisms cause certain diseases

is the term used for any disease-causing microorganism.

pathogen

In general, disease-causing organisms are referred to as which of the following?

pathogens

You discover an agent that multiplies in plant cells and consists of only a single RNA molecule. It must be a(n) _______.

viroid

Which of the following are classified as acellular infectious agents?

viruses prions viroids

Bioremediation refers to ______.

using bacteria to clean up pollutants

Redi first disproved the theory of spontaneous generation by showing that ______.

worms only appear on decaying meat that has been exposed to flies

The use of microorganisms to hasten the degradation of harmful chemicals is called

Biodegradation or Bioremediation

Which of the following are manufactured by microbial fermentation?

Cheese Yogurt Beer

Which group includes some members that can convert N2 (the most common gas in the atmosphere) to a form other organisms can use to make proteins and nucleic acids?

Microbes - through nitrogen fixation

Prions are _______ that cause a number of diseases in _______

infectious proteins; animals

Spongiform encephalopathies are caused by infectious proteins. This information indicates that the infectious agent is a(n)

prion

Which of the following are the most resistant to sterilization techniques?

prions

Today, the bacteria added to some fermented milk products are advertised as _______.

probiotics

John Tyndall's experiments in the 1870s showed that microorganisms remained in some broths even after boiling for 5 hours. This was later explained by presence of endospores in his broths. Pasteur might have had results similar to Tyndall's if he had used which two materials to make his broths?

soil hay

If Pasteur had performed his spontaneous generation experiments in a horse stable, his results would likely have ______.

supported the idea of spontaneous generation

Biotechnology

Biotechnology is the use of microbiological and biochemical techniques to solve practical problems, for example, the production of insulin by genetically engineered microbes.

Which is an example of bioremediation?

Using microbes to break down oil after a spill in the ocean

The microbial world includes three main agents that cannot reproduce independently and are thus considered non-living. These are the

Viruses Viroids Prions

Which of the following statements is true regarding viruses?

Viruses are acellular. Viruses consist of nucleic acid and protein. Viruses are nonliving.

Which of the following about microorganisms is true?

We could not survive without them.

fermentation

a metabolic process involving the partial oxidation of an organic compound. Microbes are often used for their fermentation capabilities, for example, in the making of cheeses, pickled vegetables, breads, wines, and beers.

Which of the following describes the use of microorganisms to hasten the degradation of pollutants?

bioremediation

Viruses are ______.

obligate intracellular agents

Prions are misfolded proteins that cause _______.

the normal version of the protein to also misfold