microbio test #1

Which type of microscope can be used to observe viruses? - Phase Contrast - Bright Field - Scanning Electron Microscope - Both Phase Contrast & Bright Field - Both Bright Field & Scanning Electron

Scanning Electron Microscope

Organisms capable of forming endospores are primarily found in: - Aquatic environments - The human gut - Cave environments - Soil environments

Soil environments

During which phase of the bacterial growth curve are you most likely to observe an equal proportion of live and dead cells, leaving the population in a steady state? - Lag Phase - Exponential Phase - Stationary Phase - Death Phase

Stationary Phase

Use this image to answer the question: The structure or area represented by letter A is a/the: - Porin - Cell wall - Lipopolysaccharide - Teichoic acid

Teichoic acid

During which phase of the bacterial growth curve is the population growing slowly due to an "adjustment" to the new environment? - Lag Phase - Exponential Phase - Stationary Phase - Death Phase

Lag Phase

Which organism causes freshwater harmful algal blooms around the world? - Microcystis aeruginosa - Pseudomonas aeruginosa - Naegleria fowleri - Sacchromyces cereviseae

Microcystis aeruginosa

When a microbe is exposed to its _________________ growth temperature, cells stop growing because cellular processes slow down too much to allow for growth and division. - Maximum - Optimum - Minimum

Minimum

The endosymbiotic theory posits that which eukaryotic organelle arose from a bacterial cell being engulfed by a larger archaeal cell? - Ribosome - Mitochondria - Nucleus - Flagella - Polypeptides

Mitochondria

You are a new member of the Micro Lab prep staff. In order to get the best media making assignments for the semester, Professor Walters sets up a simple test: You must calculate the number of cells that grow in a bacterial culture over the course of a 10 hour incubation period. Here's what you know: The culture was started with 27 cells. The generation time of this organism is 60 minutes. The incubation period is 10 hours. What is the total number of cells in the culture at the end of the 10 hour incubation period? - 3,623,878,656 cells - 1,620 cells - 27,648 cells - 16,200 cells

27,648 cells

Calculate the total magnification if you are using a microscope with an ocular magnification of 10x and an objective magnification of 300x. - 310x - 30x - 3000x - 290x

3000x

Calculate the original cell density (OCD) of a bacterial culture from which you set up the following dilution series: Total dilution factor = 10-5 Plate volume = 0.1 mL Total colonies counted = 79 *This question is worth 2 points because it requires calculations that may take more time than the 1 point questions* - 7.9 x 106 CFU/mL - 7.9 x 107 CFU/mL - 7.9 x 10-5 CFU/mL - 79 x 106 CFU/mL

7.9 x 107 CFU/mL

Mannitol salt agar (MSA) is an example of a medium that is: - Selective - Differential - Both

Both

Which of the following describes the structure of bacterial cell membranes? - Fluid mosaic model - Glycocalyx - Phospholipid bilayer - Both Fluid mosaic model & Phospholipid bilayer - Both Glycocalyx & Phospholipid bilayer

Both Fluid mosaic model & Phospholipid bilayer

Halobacterium quadratum is an organism that can live in extremely high concentrations of salt. This organism is an example of a/an: - extremophile - psychrophile - halophile - Both extremophile and psychrophile - Both extremophile and halophile

Both extremophile and halophile

Which of the following is NOT a similarity between prokaryotic and eukaryotic microbes: - Both can be single celled - Both have organelles - Both can be observed using a microscope - Both have DNA as their genetic material - All are similarities

Both have organelles

The correct units when calculating original cell density (OCD) are: - nm - CFU/mL - cells/mL - OCD/mL

CFU/mL

Which of the following is a reason why encapsulated bacteria have a greater pathogenicity than those bacteria which do not produce a capsule? - Bacterial capsules cause cancer in humans - Bacterial capsules produce a toxin that breaks down epithelial cells - Capsules protect bacteria from phagocytosis - Producing a capsule means the cell is eukaryotic - None of the answers are correct

Capsules protect bacteria from phagocytosis

Use this image to answer the question: The structure or area represented by letter C is the: - Cell wall - Teichoic acid - Lipopolysaccharide - Periplasmic space

Cell wall

Trypanosome cruzi is an example of an organism that causes: - The flu - Cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms - Diarrheal disease - Chaga's Disease

Chaga's Disease

Which type of eukaryotic microbe has two sets of nuclei, one for general cell function and one for sexual reproduction? - Fungi - Kinetoplastids - Apicomplexans - Ciliates - Stramenophiles

Ciliates

There is no cell that lacks this structure: - Cytoplasmic membrane - Nucleus - Mitochondrion - Golgi - Peptidoglycan

Cytoplasmic membrane

Which of the following is evidence that supports the endosymbiotic theory? - DNA structure in the mitochondria and chloroplasts - The mitochondria and chloroplasts do not contain ribosomes - The mitochondria and chloroplasts have cell walls that contain peptidoglycan - Mitochondria are phylogenetically related to apicomplexans

DNA structure in the mitochondria and chloroplasts

"Bacteria" is a _________ name. - Species - Family - Domain - Genus - Phylum

Domain

Use the image above to answer the question: The green structure indicated by the arrow is a/an _____________. - Capsule - Nucleus - Endospore - Ribosome - Chloroplast

Endospore

Which group of Ameobozoans contains parasites of humans that can cause neurological disease with high mortality? - Slime molds - Gymnamoeba - Entamoeba

Entamoeba

During which phase of the bacterial growth curve is it most accurate to calculate generation time for a bacterial culture? - Lag Phase - Exponential Phase - Stationary Phase - Death Phase

Exponential Phase

True or False: "Halophilic" bacteria always live in very hot environments.

False

True or False: A benefit of complex media is that we know the exact proportion of all chemical ingredients used.

False

True or False: A lytic phage requires an environmental signal before exiting the host genome and release new phage into the environment.

False

True or False: Exposure to oxygen kills a facultative anaerobe.

False

True or False: Plants likely generated the oxygen portion of the earth's atmosphere.

False

True or False: Prokaryotes have membrane-bound organelles.

False

True or False: Water molecules are nonpolar molecules.

False

___________ microscopy involves the use of dyes that must be exposed to UV light. - Electron - Bright field - Phase contrast - Fluorescent - Dark field

Fluorescent

Alpha helices and beta sheets are examples of: - Protein primary structures - Protein secondary structures - Protein tertiary structures - Protein quaternary structures

Protein secondary structures

Cilia are limited to which of the following groups of microbes? - Algae - Bacteria - Fungi - Protozoa

Protzoa

Lipids that act as storage molecules in cells are called: - Wax - Triglycerides - Phospholipids - Peptidoglycan -Glycogen

Triglycerides

True or False: A red blood cell is visible under a light microscope.

True

True or False: All other things being equal, a larger numerical aperture on a lens would result in better resolution (i.e. smaller limit of resolution).

True

True or False: All proteins have tertiary structure.

True

True or False: An Ebola virus is visible under an electron microscope.

True

True or False: Protozoa are in the domain Eukarya.

True

True or False: Protozoa are microorganisms.

True

True or False: The glycocalyx is the outermost boundary for both eukaryotic and prokaryotic microbial cells.

True

True or False: The human body has as many or more bacterial cells associated with it than human cells

True

True or False: The primary structure of a protein refers to its sequence of amino acids.

True

Why is it more accurate to use the plate count method over turbidity to measure cell density in a bacterial culture? - It takes more time - Plate counts incorporate both live AND dead cells - Turbidity incorporates both live AND dead cells - It takes less time

Turbidity incorporates both live AND dead cells

A capsule can be recognized under the light microscope in a capsule stain as: - a thick, gummy polysaccharide layer - a purple area surrounding pink cells - a metallic sheen on cells - a clear area surrounding dyed cells

a clear area surrounding dyed cells

Which of the following methods of transport into a cell requires an input of energy? - simple diffusion - facilitated diffusion - active transport

active transport

Starch is a type of: - protein - lipid - nucleic acid - carbohydrate

carbohydrate

The bacterial genome contains _____ chromosome(s) with a ________ shape. - one/linear - multiple/linear - one/circular - multiple/circular

one/circular

Amino acids in a protein are typically linked by which of the following types of bonds (only one best correct answer): - peptide - ionic - amine - glycosidic - carboxyl

peptide

When you perform a gram stain, gram negative organisms appear ___________ and gram positive organisms appear ________. - pink; purple - purple; colorless - purple; pink - colorless; pink

pink; purple

The production of antibiotics by the fungus Penicillium chrysogenum is considered which type of symbiotic relationship? - Mutualism - Commensalism - Amensalism - Parasitism

Amensalism

The Dutch merchant who made and used quality magnifying lenses to see and record bacteria for the first time was: - Francesco Redi - Antonie van Leeuwenhoek - Louis Pasteur - Joseph Lister - Robert Koch

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

Use the image below to answer the following question. To calculate the OCD of a bacterial culture, you would use the tube in image ____ to obtain the plate in image _____. - A/C - A/D - B/C - B/D

B/D

Use the image above to answer the question: The shape of the red cells in the image can be described as: (rod like) - Bacilli - Cocci - Spirilla - Vibrio

Bacilli

A phage is a virus that infects: - Bacteria - Archaea - Protists - Humans - It is not a virus

Bacteria

Which of the following is the most inclusive hierarchical taxonomic group? - Species - Family - Genus - Phylum - Class

Phylum

Pseudogymnoascus destructans is the _______________ that causes ___________________________ in bats. - Ciliate/White Nose Syndrome - Fungus/White Nose Syndrome - Ciliate/African Sleeping Sickness - Fungus/African Sleeping Sickness

Fungus/White Nose Syndrome

Members of the genus Vibrio belong to the class ________________ and are usually found in _________________ environments. - Alphaproteobacteria/soil - Alphaproteobacteria/marine - Gammaproteobacteria/soil - Gammaproteobacteria/marine

Gammaproteobacteria/marine

Lipopolysaccharide is an important cell wall component of typical: - Gram negative bacteria - Gram positive bacteria - Acid fast bacteria - Mycoplasmas - Protoplasts

Gram negative bacteria

A prokaryotic cell wall that has primarily peptidoglycan with small amounts of teichoic acid and lipoteichoic acid is typically found in ______________ organisms: - Gram negative - Gram positive - Archaea - Endospores - Algae

Gram positive

The English physician Edward Jenner is considered the "Father of Immunology" because: - He developed Jenner's Postulates - He developed the first vaccine - He was responsible for aseptic technique in hospitals - He was the first to disprove spontaneous generation - He invented microscopes

He developed the first vaccine

Pelagibacter ubique is an organism that thrives in low-nutrient environments. The correct term used to describe an organism like this is: - Copiotroph - Oligotroph - Photoautotroph - Chemolithotroph

Oligotroph

_____ refers to the study of how organisms are related evolutionarily. - Classification - Phylogeny - Taxonomy - None of the answers are correct

Phylogeny