Microbiology Bug Repository
Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli
EAEC gram negative bacilli facultative anaerobe oxidase negative ferments glucose motile via peritrichous flagella normal flora causes PERSISTENT WATERY DIARRHEA (14 DAYS aggregative adherence fimbriae)
Enteroinvasive Escherichia coli
EIEC gram negative bacilli facultative anaerobe oxidase negative ferments glucose motile via peritrichous flagella normal flora causes DYSENTERIC DIARRHEA (Shigella-like invasin pInv) self limited disease
Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli
EPEC gram negative bacilli facultative anaerobe oxidase negative ferments glucose motile via peritrichous flagella normal flora causes CHILDREN'S WATERY DIARRHEA (intimin-Bundle forming pili pedestal) self limited disease
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli
ETEC gram negative bacilli facultative anaerobe oxidase negative ferments glucose motile via peritrichous flagella normal flora causes TRAVELER'S WATERY DIARRHEA (heat labile and heat stable enterotoxin) self limited disease
Streptococcus agalactiae
Gam positive cocci catalase negative beta hemolytic non-motile non-spore forming Group B strep normal vaginal flora cause neonatal meningitis (capsule)
Chlamydia psittaci
Gram negative rod NO PEPTIDOGLYCAN obligate intracellular pathogen anaerobic DIMORPHIC (ELEMENTARY AND RETICULATE BODIES) causes PARROT FEVER diagnose via MIF treat with azithromycin + doxycycline
Chlamydia pneumoniae
Gram negative rod NO PEPTIDOGLYCAN obligate intracellular pathogen anaerobic DIMORPHIC (ELEMENTARY AND RETICULATE BODIES) causes atypical pneumonia diagnose via serology (IgM) treat with azithromycin + tetracycline + levofloxacin
Chlamydia trachomatis
Gram negative rod NO PEPTIDOGLYCAN obligate intracellular pathogen anaerobic DIMORPHIC (ELEMENTARY AND RETICULATE BODIES) causes ocular trachoma (serovar A B Ba C), STI (serovar D-K), lymphogranuloma venereum (serovar L) diagnose via PCR or serology treat with azithromycin + doxycycline
Actinomyces
Gram positive acid fast negative rods anaerobic normal flora cause head and neck infections with trauma diagnose clinically with SULFUR GRANULES treat with penicillin + abscess drainage
Streptococcus pyogenes
Gram positive cocci catalase negative beta hemolytic non-motile non-spore forming Group A step normal pharyngeal flora cause strep throat, SSTI, scarlet fever (exotoxin), acute rheumatic fever (TIIH), necrotizing fasciitis (streptolysin O)
Peptostreptococcus
Gram positive cocci catalase negative non-motile non-spore forming obligate anaerobe common co-infection
Enterococcus faecalis
Gram positive cocci catalase negative non-motile non-spore forming seen in nosocomial infections, commonly vancomycin resistant
Enterococcus faecium
Gram positive cocci catalase negative non-motile non-spore forming seen in nosocomial infections, commonly vancomycin resistant
Streptococcus anginosus
Gram positive cocci catalase negative non-motile non-spore forming viridians form tiny colonies cause brain abscesses
Streptococcus gallolyticus
Gram positive cocci catalase negative weakly alpha hemolytic non-motile non-spore forming seen in colon cancer
Streptococcus mitis
Gram positive cocci catalase negative weakly alpha hemolytic non-motile non-spore forming viridans seen in DENTAL INFECTIONS
Streptococcus mutans
Gram positive cocci catalase negative weakly alpha hemolytic non-motile non-spore forming viridans seen in DENTAL INFECTIONS
Listeria monocytogenes
Gram positive coccobacilli non-spore forming catalase positive motile temperature/aerotolerant causes listeriosis (listeriotoxin + PLC -> phagosomal escape) found in cold cuts
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Gram positive diplococci catalase negative alpha hemolytic non-motile non-spore forming normal respiratory flora cause pneumonia (capsule, sIgA protease)
Clostridium perfringens
Gram positive rod spore forming motile aerotolerant causes gas gangrene (phospholipase c and perfringenolysin) and gastroenteritis
Bacillus cereus
Gram positive rod spore forming motile facultative anaerobe not normal flora causes gastroenteritis (emetic or diarrheal) usually in fried rice
Clostridium botulinum
Gram positive rod spore forming motile obligate anaerobe causes botulism (BTX), flaccid paralysis and muscle weakness leading to respiratory failure
Clostridium tetani
Gram positive rod spore motile obligate anaerobe forming causes tetanus (TTX), muscle spasm and rigidity leading to respiratory failure
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
NONSTAINING pleomorphic aerobe causes ATYPICAL PNEUMONIA (P1 adhesins), superficial rash (cold agglutinin), hemolytic anemia diagnose via PCR treat with protein synthesis inhibitor
Mycoplasma hominis
NONSTAINING pleomorphic aerobe causes ATYPICAL PNEUMONIA (P1 adhesins), superficial rash (cold agglutinin), hemolytic anemia, STI (P1 adhesin) diagnose via PCR treat with protein synthesis inhibitor
Ureaplasma urealyticum
NONSTAINING pleomorphic aerobe causes ATYPICAL PNEUMONIA (P1 adhesins), superficial rash (cold agglutinin), hemolytic anemia, STI (P1 adhesin) diagnose via PCR treat with protein synthesis inhibitor
Mycoplasma genitalium
NONSTAINING pleomorphic aerobe causes GU infection (P1 adhesins) diagnose via PCR treat with protein synthesis inhibitor
Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli
STEC gram negative bacilli facultative anaerobe oxidase negative ferments glucose motile via peritrichous flagella normal flora causes HEMORRHAGIC COLITIS + HEMOLYTIC UREMIC SYNDROME (SLTI and SLTII) strain O157:H7
Paragominus westermani
CRAB-BORNE trematode infects LUNGS causes BROWN/RED SPUTUM diagnose via golden-brown eggs treat with triclabendazole
Ancylostoma braziliense
accidental human pathogen extra intestinal nematode causes SKIN TUNNELING and pumlonary infiltrates (LOFTIER'S SYNDROME) diagnose via clinical picture treat with albendazole
Mycobacterium avium
acid fast bacilli aerobic very slow growing (weeks) culture on Middlebrook normal environmental flora no person to person transmission causes pulmonary disease in immunocompromised patients (highest Mycobacterial infection in US AIDS - intracellular replication) Lady Windermere syndrome (cough suppression) diagnose via culture + acid fast treat with Macrolide + ethambutol + rifampin
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
acid fast positive bacilli aerobic slow growing (>7 days) culture on Middlebrook causes Tuberculosis (CR3 CR4 adhesion to alveolar macrophages with replication) leading to respiratory disease caseous necrosis and disseminated organ failure diagnose with PPD or Quantiferon treat with Isoniazid, rifampin, ethambutol, pyrazinamide
Mycobacterium leprae
acid fast positive bacilli aerobic slow growing (>7 days) culture on armadillo/mouse foot pad causes Hansen's disease (Th1/Th2 overstimulation leading to inflammatory response and granuloma formation) two types Tuberculoid/pacibacillary not too bad Th1 Lepromatous/multibacillary bad Th2 diagnose via acid fast of lesions (multibacillary) or lepromin levels (pacibacillary) treat with Dapsone + rifampin
Dientamoeba fragilis
amoeboid trophozoite causes INTERMITTENT DIARRHEA (upper colon infection) diagnose via stool microscopy treat with doxycycline + iodoqiuinol + metronidazole
Taenia saginata
beef-borne cestode causes abdominal symptoms diagnose via proglottids in feces treat with praziquantel
Onchocerca volvulus
blackfly borne filariae nematode infects ocular tissue symbiont with WOLBACHIA causes RIVER BLINDNESS and TYPE III HYPERSENSITIVITY diagnose via microfilariae in skin snip at NIGHT treat with surgical removal or ivermectin + doxycycline
Loa loa
chrysopus borne filariae nematode infects lymphatics causes CALABAR SWELLING diagnose via microfilariae isolation in DAYTIME treat with diethylcarbamazine + steroid and surgical removal
Giardia lamblia
cyst-trophozoite SMILING protozoa aerotolerant replicates via binary fission lacks necessary organelles for self sufficiency causes FOUL WATERY DIARRHEA with MALABSORPTION (surface glycoproteins, sucking disk adhesion) diagnose via stool microscopy treat with metronidazole
Balantidium coli
cyst-trophozoite ciliate macro and micro nucleated causes COLONIC ULCERATION and BLOODY PURULENT DIARRHEA (proteolytic and cytolytic secretions, cytosome) diagnose via microscopy treat with tetracycline
Balamuthia
cyst-trophozoite opportunistic parasite flagellated or amoeboid causes GRANULOMATOUS AMOEBOID ENCEPHALITIS in HEALTHY PEOPLE (amoebastome ingestion of neuronal cytoplasm) HIGHLY FATAL spread via FRESHWATER diagnose via CSF microscopy treat with miltefosine + amphotericin B + miconazole + rifampin
Acanthamoeba
cyst-trophozoite opportunistic parasite flagellated or amoeboid causes GRANULOMATOUS AMOEBOID ENCEPHALITIS in IMMUNOCOMPROMISED (amoebastome ingestion of neuronal cytoplasm) HIGHLY FATAL spread via FRESHWATER diagnose via CSF microscopy treat with miltefosine + amphotericin B + miconazole + rifampin
Naegleria fowleri
cyst-trophozoite opportunistic parasite flagellated or amoeboid enters via CRIBRIFORM PLATE causes PRIMARY AMOEBOID ENCEPHALITIS (amoebastome ingestion of neuronal cytoplasm) HIGHLY FATAL spread via FRESHWATER diagnose via CSF microscopy treat with miltefosine + amphotericin B + miconazole + rifampin
Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense
extracellular flagellated/undulating parasite causes AFRICAN SLEEPING SICKNESS (densely packed variable surface glycoprotein - RAPID) spread via TSETSE FLY diagnose via blood smear or CSF microscopy treat with suramine + pentamidine
Trypanosoma brucei gambiense
extracellular flagellated/undulating parasite causes GAMBIAN SLEEPING SICKNESS (densely packed variable surface glycoprotein) spread via TSETSE FLY diagnose via blood smear or CSF microscopy treat with suramine + pentamidine
Poxvirus
extremely large enveloped brick LdsDNA includes various (smallpox) and molluscum contagiosum (dome shaped lesions)
Herpesvirus
extremely large enveloped icosahedral LdsDNA includes HSV (alpha - genital and orofacial warts) VZV (alpha - chickenpox and shingles) CMV (beta - invasion of immune cells) EBV (gamma - mononucleosis) and KSV (gamma - Kaposi Sarcoma)
Diphyllobothrium latum
fish-borne cestode causes PERNICIOUS ANEMIA (B12 DEFICIENCY) diagnose via bile-stained eggs with knob treat with niclosamide and B12
Trichomonas vaginalis
flagellated trophozoite anaerobic replicates via binary fission causes VAGINITIS (lysosomal hydroxylases in GU epithelium) diagnose via discharge microscopy treat with metronidazole
Tropheryma whipplei
gram INDETERMINATE irregular rods causes WHIPPLE disease (lipodystrophy of GI tract -> weight loss and diarrhea) treat with trimethoprim + sulfamethoxazole
Campylobacter fetus
gram negative SEAGULL SHAPED bacilli MICROAEROPHILE grows best at warm temp (42) motile via polar flagella UREASE positive ZOONOTIC transmission causes SYSTEMIC INFECTION (capsule-like S protein) treat with macrolide
Campylobacter jejuni
gram negative SEAGULL SHAPED bacilli MICROAEROPHILE grows best at warm temp (42) motile via polar flagella UREASE positive ZOONOTIC transmission causes acute enteritis with SEQUELAE (Guilliain-Barre, arthritis) - MOST COMMON CAUSE OF GASTROENTERITIS from undercooked POULTRY typically self limiting in GI
Proteus mirabilis
gram negative bacilli aerobe oxidase POSITIVE UREASE POSITIVE highly motile causes UTI (urease and motility)
Yersinia enterocolitica
gram negative bacilli facultative anaerobe NONMOTILE does not ferment grows well in cold causes ENTEROCOLITIS, PSEUDOAPPENDICITIS (Inv, YadA, type III secretion of Yops) self limiting disease
Yersinia pseudotuberculosis
gram negative bacilli facultative anaerobe NONMOTILE does not ferment grows well in cold causes TB-like symptoms (Inv, YadA, type III secretion of Yops) self limiting disease
Shigella
gram negative bacilli facultative anaerobe oxidase negative NONMOTILE does not ferment lactose strict human pathogen (low threshold) causes DYSENTERIC BLOODY DIARRHEA (type III secretion of IpaA-D)
Salmonella typhi
gram negative bacilli facultative anaerobe oxidase negative does not ferment lactose strict human pathogen causes gastroenteritis septicemia and typhoid fever (type III secretion of salmonella pathogens leading to increased cAMP) risk factors include UNDERCOOKED POULTRY/DAIRY treat with ciprofloxacin
Extraintestinal Escherichia coli
gram negative bacilli facultative anaerobe oxidase negative ferments glucose motile via peritrichous flagella normal flora causes acute UTI (HlyA and adhesions) and NEONATAL MENINGITIS (K1 capsular antigen)
Enteroadherent Escherichia coli
gram negative bacilli facultative anaerobe oxidase negative ferments glucose motile via peritrichous flagella normal flora causes diarrhea (enteroadherent factor)
Salmonella paratyphi
gram negative bacilli facultative anaerobe oxidase negative motile via peritrichous does not ferment lactose strict human pathogen causes gastroenteritis septicemia and paratyphoid fever (type III secretion of salmonella pathogens leading to increased cAMP) risk factors include UNDERCOOKED POULTRY/DAIRY treat with ciprofloxacin - more or less a weaker type
Klebsiella pneumoniae
gram negative bacilli nonmotile lactose fermenter aerobe causes pneumonia with JELLY-LIKE SPUTUM often due to ALCOHOLIC aspiration treat with meropenem + fluoroquinolone + aminoglycoside - last resort colistin
HACEK group
gram negative coccobaccili causing endocarditis in children - Haemophilus, Aggregatibacter, Cardiobacterium, Eikenella, Kingella
Yersinia pestis
gram negative coccobaccili facultative anaerobe forms capsule (F1) forms biofilm causes PLAGUE (Type III secretion of YoP and LcrV, phospholipase D, plasminogen activating factor, LPS blocking TLR4) spread via FLEAS diagnose via clinical (bubae) culture and microscopy treat with gentamicin
Anaplasma phagocytophilum
gram negative coccobaccili obligate intracellular pathogen NO CELL WALL NO LPS causes HUMAN GRANULOCYTIC ANAPLASMOSIS (Type IV secretion and neutrophil hijacking) treat with tetracycline + rifampin
Ehrlichia muris eauclairensis
gram negative coccobaccili obligate intracellular pathogen NO CELL WALL NO LPS causes ehrlichia munis-like (neutrophil invasion) spread via TICKS diagnose via PCR or serology treat with tetracycline + rifampin
Ehrlichia ewingii
gram negative coccobaccili obligate intracellular pathogen NO CELL WALL NO LPS causes human ewingii ehrlichiosis (granulocyte/neutrophil invasion) spread via TICKS diagnose via PCR or serology treat with tetracycline + rifampin
Ehrlichia chaffeensis
gram negative coccobaccili obligate intracellular pathogen NO CELL WALL NO LPS causes human monocytic ehrlichiosis (monocyte invasion) spread via TICKS diagnose via PCR or serology treat with tetracycline + rifampin
Bordatella pertussis
gram negative coccobacilli aerobic transmission via aerosol causes WHOOPING COUGH (pertussis toxin [AB] increasing cAMP, adenylate cyclase/hemolysin) treat with preventative acellular vaccine (with boosters) and erythromycin in contacts
Haemophilus influenzae
gram negative coccobacilli facultative anaerobe causes meningitis, pneumonia, epiglottitis (serotype B) diagnose via CSF microscopy treat with non-beta-lactams, rifampin
Acinetobacter baumannii
gram negative coccobacilli non fermenting strict aerobe normal environmental flora causes opportunistic respiratory infection/UTI POST SURGERY, multi drug resistance is common
Brucella abortus
gram negative coccobacilli small non motile no capsule reticuloendothelial intracellular pathogen causes BRUCELLOSIS spread via CATTLE AND BISON diagnose via culture, serology, exposure treat with doxycycline + rifampin
Brucella canis
gram negative coccobacilli small non motile no capsule reticuloendothelial intracellular pathogen causes BRUCELLOSIS spread via DOGS FOXES COYOTES diagnose via culture, serology, exposure treat with doxycycline + rifampin
Brucella melitensis
gram negative coccobacilli small non motile no capsule reticuloendothelial intracellular pathogen causes BRUCELLOSIS spread via GOATS AND SHEEP diagnose via culture, serology, exposure treat with doxycycline + rifampin
Brucella suis
gram negative coccobacilli small non motile no capsule reticuloendothelial intracellular pathogen causes BRUCELLOSIS spread via SWINE REINDEER CARIBOU diagnose via culture, serology, exposure treat with doxycycline + rifampin
Francisella tularensis
gram negative coccobacilli small non motile strict aerobe requires CYSTEINE causes tularemia (LPS plus capsule) spread via RABBITS diagnose via serology (takes 2 WEEKS) treat with gentamicin
Vibrio parahemolyticus
gram negative curved bacilli facultative anaerobe OXIDASE POSITIVE HALOPHILE normal marine flora cause self-limiting gastroenteritis (Kangawa Hemolysin - heat stable) MOST COMMON SEAFOOD GASTROENTERITIS usually from RAW SHELLFISH
Vibrio cholerae
gram negative curved bacilli facultative anaerobe OXIDASE POSITIVE HALOPHILE normal marine flora causes CHOLERA (cholera toxin -> hyper secretion) - watery diarrhea commonly through SHELLFISH treat with electrolytes and fluids, if severe azithromycin
Vibrio vulfinicus
gram negative curved bacilli facultative anaerobe OXIDASE POSITIVE HALOPHILE normal marine flora causes WOUND INFECTION (collagenase, cytolysis, protease) usually caused by wound exposure to SALT WATER treat with minocycline/doxycycline plus cephalosporin
Neisseria gonorrheae
gram negative diplococci catalase positive oxidase positive aerobe grow on chocolate agar extensive genetic hypervariation causes STI (intraPMN replication with sIgA protease) and ophthalmia neonatorum (infantile pink eye) diagnose via culture with gram stain (G- diplococci in PMN) and metabolic profile (only glucose metabolism) treat with 500mg IM ceftriaxone single dose
Neisseria meningitides
gram negative diplococci catalase positive oxidase positive aerobe grow on chocolate agar ferments glucose and maltose causes bacterial meningitis (intraPMN replication with thick capsule - complement resistant) most common serotype is B does NOT contain PLASMIDS rapidly fatal if untreated diagnosed via clinical presentation BULGING FONTANELLE in infants, neck stiffness then CSF microscopy treat with ceftriaxone then penicillin prevent with VACCINE
Moraxella catarrhalis
gram negative diplococci oxidase positive aerobe does NOT ferment glucose sucrose maltose lactose causes OTITIS MEDIA in children penicillin resistant treat with non-beta lactams
Legionella pneumophila
gram negative facultative anaerobic intracellular coccobacilli motile via flagella spread via water droplets cause LEGIONNAIRE's disease flu-like with extrapulmonary symptoms treat with levofloxacin + azithromycin
Burkholderia cepacia
gram negative paired bacilli aerobic oxidase positive motile via polar flagella pigmented normal environmental flora causes bronchopneumonia in CF/CGD PATIENTS
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
gram negative paired bacilli aerobic oxidase positive motile via polar flagella pigmented normal environmental flora causes opportunistic NOSOCOMIAL pulmonary infection (exopolysaccharide slime layer and AB exotoxin with alpha 2 macroglobulin binding target) and FOLLICULITIS (HOT TUBS) treat with piperacillin + tazobactam
Bacteroides fragilis
gram negative pleiopmorphic bacilli obligate anaerobe MOST COMMON GI ORGANISM causes ENDOGENOUS infections such as gastroenteritis (heat-labile Zn metalloprotease) - watery diarrhea
Bartonella bacilliformis
gram negative pleomorphic aerobe facultative intracellular pathogen causes CARRION DISEASE (acute Oroya Fever - anemia; chronic Verruga peruana - hemangioedema) spread via SANDFLY diagnose via culture, PCR, clinical (miliary lesions) treat with ciprofloxacin + chloramphenicol
Bartonella henselae
gram negative pleomorphic aerobe facultative intracellular pathogen causes CAT SCRATCH DISEASE (endothelial inflammation) spread via CATS diagnose via clinical (cat exposure) confirm with serology treat with azithromycin + additional agents with hepatosplenic/neurologic involvement
Coxiella burnetii
gram negative pleomorphic obligate intracellular pathogen causes Q FEVER (LPS II, innate immunity subversion) spread via LIVESTOCK diagnose via serology (LPS serotype) treat with doxycycline
Bartonella quintana
gram negative rod aerobe facultative intracellular pathogen causes TRENCH FEVER (RBC/endothelial binding, LPS blocking TLR4) spread via LOUSE diagnosis is difficult treat with doxycycline + gentamicin
Rickettsia prowazekii
gram negative rod obligate intracellular pathogen weak LPS activity causes ENDEMIC TYPHUS FEVER (OmpA and endothelial bursting) spread via LICE diagnose via clinical (peripheral rash) and PCR treat with doxycycline
Rickettsia typhi
gram negative rod obligate intracellular pathogen weak LPS activity causes MURINE TYPHUS FEVER (OmpA and endothelial bursting) spread via FLEAS diagnose via clinical (peripheral rash) and PCR treat with doxycycline
Rickettsia akari
gram negative rod obligate intracellular pathogen weak LPS activity causes RICKETTSIAPOX (OmpA and actin hijacking) spread via MOUSE MITES diagnose via clinical (peripheral rash) and PCR treat with doxycycline
Rickettsia rickettsii
gram negative rod obligate intracellular pathogen weak LPS activity causes ROCKY MOUNTAIN SPOTTED FEVER (OmpA and actin hijacking) spread via TICKS diagnose via clinical (peripheral rash) and PCR treat with doxycycline
Orientia tsutsugamushi
gram negative rod obligate intracellular pathogen weak LPS activity causes SCRUB TYPHUS FEVER (OmpA and microtubule hijacking) spread via CHIGGERS diagnose via clinical (peripheral rash) and PCR treat with doxycycline
Rickettsia parkarii
gram negative rod obligate intracellular pathogen weak LPS activity causes SPOTTED FEVER RICKETTSIOSIS (OmpA and actin hijacking) spread via TICKS diagnose via clinical (peripheral rash) and PCR treat with doxycycline
Leptospira interrogans
gram negative spirochete QUESTION MARK SHAPED (?) highly motile (penetrates INTACT membranes) transmission via animal urine causes leptospirosis (flu-like with myalgia and jaundice) and Weil's disease (hemorrhagic leptospirosis) diagnose via culture (FLETCHER'S) treat with penicillin or doxycycline
Helicobacter pylori
gram negative thin spiral bacilli MICROAEROPHILE UREASE positive CORKSCREW motility normal GI flora human to human transmission causes GASTRIC ULCER and GI CANCER (type IV secretion of cagA and vacA, mucinase phospholipase) treat with macrolide/beta-lactam plus PPI/H2B
Borrelia recurrentis
gram negative thin spirochete highly motile causes LOUSE-BORNE relapsing fever outside of US
Borrelia hermsii
gram negative thin spirochete highly motile causes TICK-BORNE relapsing fever in Western US
Borrelia burgdorferi
gram negative thin spirochete highly motile has LINEAR CHROMOSOME causes Lyme disease (adhesion molecules) spread via TICKS diagnose via clinical findings (erythema migrans) or serology treat with tetracyclines
Treponema denticola
gram negative thin spirochete highly motile normal oral flora causes gingivitis
Treponema pallidum
gram negative thin spirochete microaerophile highly motile causes syphilis (STI, CHANCRE, MUCOCUTANEOUS RASH, NEUROSYPHILIS) diagnose via dark phase microscopy treat with single high dose of benzanthine penicillin G
Bacillus anthracis
gram positive bacillus FORMS SPORES causes ANTHRAX BIOTERROR (pOX1, pOX2, protective antigen, edema toxin, lethal toxin) spread via LIVESTOCK and BIOTERROR diagnose via culture and microscopy treat with ciprofloxacin + additional agent based on Sx
Corynebacterium diphtheria
gram positive club/v-shaped rod non spore forming non motile facultative anaerobe must culture on tellurite causes diphtheria (DTX) systemic inhibition of growth and protein synthesis
Staphylococcus epidermidis
gram positive cocci catalase positive coagulase negative non-motile non-spore forming normal skin flora cause catheter infections
Staphylococcus aureus
gram positive cocci catalase positive coagulase positive non-motile non-spore forming normal nasopharyngeal flora form golden colonies cause SSTI, TSS, scalded skin (exfoliative exotoxin)
Staphylococcus saprophyticus
gram positive cocci catalase postive coagulase negative non-motile non-spore forming cause UTI
Clostridium difficile
gram positive rod strict anaerobe spore forming normal flora "barnyard" smell often hospital acquired causes antibiotic associated diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis (enterotoxin + cytotoxin targeting tight junctions), treat with metronidazole/vancomycin or fecal transplant
Nocardia
gram positive weakly acid fast positive bacilli strict aerobes oxidase positive SOD positive grow in BRANCHED formation form AERIAL HYPHAE on colonization causes bronchopulmonary and cutaneous disease (prevention of lysosomal fusion in phagocytosis) diagnose via Buffered Charcoal Yeast Extract Agar culture with AERIAL HYPHAE treat with trimethoprim + sulfa
Acylostoma duodenale
hook shaped intestinal nematode ingested as larva causes INTESTINAL DAMAGE leading to BLOOD LOSS and ANEMIA diagnose via NON-BILE STAINED eggs treat with albendazole
Necator americanus
hook shaped intestinal nematode ingested as larva causes INTESTINAL DAMAGE leading to BLOOD LOSS and ANEMIA diagnose via NON-BILE STAINED eggs treat with albendazole
Mycobacterium kansasii
irregular acid fast bacilli strict aerobe PHOTOCHROMOGEN (color shown in direct light) slow growing (more than 1 week) normal environmental flora causes TB like disease in immunocompromised in US MIDWEST
Mycobacterium marinum
irregular acid fast bacilli strict aerobe PHOTOCHROMOGEN (color shown in direct light) slow growing (more than 1 week) normal environmental flora causes localized skin infection in immunocompromised after handling FISH or SWIMMING
Mycobacterium fortuitum
irregular acid fast bacilli strict aerobe non-pigmented rapid growing (within 1 week) normal environmental flora rarely cause disease found in NAIL SALONS
Mycobacterium chelonae
irregular acid fast bacilli strict aerobe non-pigmented rapid growing (within 1 week) normal environmental flora rarely cause disease found in TATTOO INK
Mycobacterium abscessus
irregular acid fast bacilli strict aerobe non-pigmented rapid growing (within 1 week) normal environmental flora rarely cause disease result in widespread abscess formation
coronavirus
large enveloped helical +ssRNA includes common cold causing viruses and SARS (holy pandemic batman)
orthomyxovirus
large enveloped helical -ssRNA includes influenza (fever, malaise, body aches) has extensive serotype variations seasonal to fall-spring
paramyxovirus
large enveloped helical -ssRNA includes mumps (edema of parotid gland) measles (body rash with Koplik spots) parainfluenza (croup - autumnal) and respiratory syncytial virus (bronchitis - winter)
Adenovirus
large naked icosahedral LdsDNA causes phayingitis and URI
Ascaris lumbricoides
large tough flexible intestinal nematode MOST COMMON HELMINTH ingested as eggs causes BOWEL PERFORATION diagnose via bile stained KNOBBY-COATED eggs in stool treat with albendazole
Filovirus
medium enveloped helical -ssRNA includes ebola and Marburg (hemorrhagic fever) mosquito-borne
Rhabdovirus
medium enveloped helical -ssRNA includes lyssavirus (rabies) transmitted via animal bite
Bunyavirus
medium enveloped helical segmented -ssRNA includes hantavirus (hemorrhagic fever - rodent-borne) and California encephalitis
togavirus
medium enveloped icosahedral +ssRNA includes Rubella (rash, fever, arthritis) encephalitis (mosquito-borne)
flavivirus
medium enveloped icosahedral +ssRNA includes Yellow fever and Dengue fever (mosquito-borne hepatitis hemorrhage)
Polyomavirus
medium naked icosahedra CdsDNA incluses BK (neprhopathy) and JC (processive multifocal leukencephalopathy)
papillomavirus
medium naked icosahedral CdsDNA includes HPV (genital warts, cervical carcinoma)
Brugia malayi
mosquito borne filariae nematode infects lymphatics causes ELEPHANTIASIS diagnose via microfilariae in blood at NIGHT treat with diethylcarbamazine
Wuchericia bancrofti
mosquito borne filariae nematode infects lymphatics causes ELEPHANTIASIS diagnose via microfilariae in blood at NIGHT treat with diethylcarbamazine
Echinococcus granulosus
nonhuman cestode native host is CANINE causes pressure injuries and TOXIC CYSTS (HYATID DISEASE) diagnose via NON-ASPIRATION treat with surgery and high dose mebendazole
Echinococcus multilocularis
nonhuman cestode native host is FELINE causes pressure injuries and TOXIC CYSTS (HYATID DISEASE) diagnose via NON-ASPIRATION treat with surgery and high dose mebendazole
Toxicara cati
nonhuman extra intestinal nematode host is CATS causes LARVAL MIGRANS (visceral, ocular, neural) diagnose via clinical picture treat with anftiinflammatory
Toxicara canis
nonhuman extra intestinal nematode host is DOGS causes LARVAL MIGRANS (visceral, ocular, neural) diagnose via clinical picture treat with anftiinflammatory
Baylisacaris procyonis
nonhuman extra intestinal nematode host is RACOON causes LARVAL MIGRANS (visceral, ocular, neural) diagnose via clinical picture treat with anftiinflammatory
Plasmodium knowlesi
obligate erythrocyte parasite has blood and liver (infectious) stages causes DAILY MALARIA FEVER CYCLE (hemoglobin degradation and erythrocytolysis) and migration to deeper tissues (PFMP-1) spread via mosquitoes diagnose via TRAVEL HISTORY blood smear (rings) and PCR treat with Quinolines
Plasmodium ovale
obligate erythrocyte parasite has blood and liver (infectious) stages causes TERTIAN MALARIA FEVER CYCLE (hemoglobin degradation and erythrocytolysis) and migration to deeper tissues (PFMP-1) can RELAPSE spread via mosquitoes diagnose via TRAVEL HISTORY blood smear (rings) and PCR treat with Quinolines
Plasmodium vivax
obligate erythrocyte parasite has blood and liver (infectious) stages causes TERTIAN MALARIA FEVER CYCLE (hemoglobin degradation and erythrocytolysis) and migration to deeper tissues (PFMP-1) can RELAPSE spread via mosquitoes diagnose via TRAVEL HISTORY blood smear (rings) and PCR treat with Quinolines
Plasmodium malariae
obligate erythrocyte parasite has blood and liver stages causes QUARTAN MALARIA FEVER CYCLE (hemoglobin degradation and erythrocytolysis) and migration to deeper tissues (PFMP-1) spread via mosquitoes diagnose via TRAVEL HISTORY blood smear (rings) and PCR treat with Quinolines
Plasmodium falciparum
obligate erythrocyte parasite has blood and liver stages causes TERTIAN MALARIA FEVER CYCLE (hemoglobin degradation and erythrocytolysis) and migration to deeper tissues (PFMP-1) spread via mosquitoes diagnose via TRAVEL HISTORY blood smear (MULTIPLE rings) and PCR treat with Quinolines
Microsporidia
obligate intracellular singe cell FUNGI chitin spore wall polar filaments cause PERSISTENT DIARRHEA (tubular extrusion, spores) diagnose via stool microscopy treat with albendazole
Trichinella spiralis
pig-borne extra intestinal nematode infects MUSCLE TISSUE causes muscle aches and flu-like symptoms diagnose via muscle biopsy and exposure treat with supportive therapy and mebendazole
Enterobius vermicularis
pinworm intestinal nematode MOST COMMON US HELMINTH causes asymptomatic infection HIGHLY CONTAGIOUS diagnose via TAPE TEST treat with albendazole
Babesia
piroplasmidia obligate erythrocyte pathogen causes INCONSISTENT FEVER and HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA (RBC invasion, persistence in blood, slow incubation) spread via ticks diagnose via blood smear (TETRAD AND MALTESE CROSS) and PCR treat with macrolide + atovaquone or quinine
Taenia solium
pork-borne cestode causes intestinal symptoms and CYSTICERCIASIS diagnose via clinical picture and proglottids in feces treat with niclosamide
Leishmania tropica
promastigote-amastogote obligate macrophage parasite kinetoplastid causes CUTANEOUS papule (reticuloendothelial invasion and cytolysis) spread via SANDFLY diagnose via microscopy treat with SELF LIMITING
Leishmania braziliensis
promastigote-amastogote obligate macrophage parasite kinetoplastid causes MUCOCUTANEOUS papule (reticuloendothelial invasion and cytolysis) spread via SANDFLY diagnose via microscopy treat with miltefosine
Leishmania donovani
promastigote-amastogote obligate macrophage parasite kinetoplastid causes VISCERAL papule (reticuloendothelial invasion and cytolysis) spread via SANDFLY diagnose via microscopy treat with miltefosine
Leishmania infantum
promastigote-amastogote obligate macrophage parasite kinetoplastid causes VISCERAL papule (reticuloendothelial invasion and cytolysis) spread via SANDFLY diagnose via microscopy treat with miltefosine
Schistosoma japonicum
sex differentiated obligate intracellular trematode spread via freshwater infects BLADDER causes local inflammation diagnose via SPHERICAL EGGS WITH SMALL SPINE treat with praziquantel
Schistosoma haematobium
sex differentiated obligate intracellular trematode spread via freshwater infects INTESTINES causes local inflammation diagnose via ELONGATED EGGS WITH POLAR SPINE treat with praziquantel
Schistosoma mansoni
sex differentiated obligate intracellular trematode spread via freshwater infects INTESTINES causes local inflammation diagnose via OVAL EGGS WITH LATERAL SPINE treat with praziquantel
retrovirus
small enveloped icosahedral +ssRNA includes HIV (cytolysis of CD4 T cells) and HTLV (T cell leukemia) integrate genome into host cell
hepandnavirus
small enveloped icosahedral CdsDNA includes hepatitis B
arenavirus
small enveloped pleomorphic -ssRNA appears sandy includes rodent-borne lymphocytic choriomeningitis and hemorrhagic/coaguolopathic fevers
Norovirus
small naked icosahedra +ssRNA (most common viral gastroenteritis) seasonal to winter
parvovirus
small naked icosahedral +LssDNA includes B19 (fifth disease - erythrocytolysis)
Picoronavirus
small naked icosahedral +ssRNA includes rhinoviruses (common cold) and enteroviruses (polio, Coxsackievirus, gastroenteritis) seasonal to early fall and late spring
Fasiolopsis buski
southeast asian snail-borne trematode causes DUODENAL ULCERS diagnose via golden BILE-STAINED eggs treat with praziquantel
Toxoplasma gondii
tachyzoite-bradyzoite obligate intracellular pathogen causes flu-like symptoms and ENCEPHALOMYELITIS (CNS dissemination with cytolysis and reinvasion) severe effects in INFANTS spread via CAT FECES diagnose via serology and heat CT treat with pyrimethamine or clindamycin + sulfadiazine
Cryptosporidium
thick walled oocyst chorine resistant spore forming (oocyst) gliding motility causes self limiting WATERY DIARRHEA (brush border adhesion) spread via POOL WATER diagnose via stool microscopy ACID FAST treat with nitazoxamide
Cyclospora
thick walled oocyst chorine resistant spore forming (trophozoite) gliding motility causes mild gastroenteritis (enterocyte invasion) spread via POOL WATER diagnose via stool microscopy ACID FAST AUTO FLUORESCENT treat with trimethoprim + sulfa
Cystoisospora
thick walled oocyst chorine resistant spore forming (trophozoite) gliding motility causes mild gastroenteritis (enterocyte invasion) spread via POOL WATER diagnose via stool microscopy ACID FAST AUTO FLUORESCENT treat with trimethoprim + sulfa
Fasciola hepatica
trematode infects LIVER ingested as cysts causes HEPATITIS HEPATOMEGALY HYPERPLASIA diagnose via operculated eggs treat with bithional
Opisthorchis sinensis
trematode infects LIVER ingested from fish causes mild hepatic infection diagnose via shouldered eggs with knobs treat with praziquantel
Entamoeba histolytica
tropical amoeboid cyst-trophozoite facultative anaerobe causes BLOODY DIARRHEA with FLASK SHAPED COLONIC LESIONS (galactose-inhibitable adhesin and epithelial cytotoxin) may spend beyond intestines to liver and lungs diagnose via stool microscopy and PCR treat with metronidazole then iodoquinol
Strongyloides stercoralis
tropical threadworm intestinal nematode causes MALABSORPTION and HYPERINFECTION SYNDROME diagnosis is difficult NO EGGS IN STOOL treat with ivermectin
Trypanosoma cruzei
trypomastigote-amastogote intracellular parasite causes CHAGOMA (cytolysis at bite leading to MEGA COLON MEGA ESOPHAGUS CARDOMEGALY) with chronic CNS involvement spread via REDUVIIG (trialtomine) BUG diagnose via blood microscopy or serology treat with Benznidazole + nifurtimox
reovirus
very large naked icosahedral dsRNA includes orthoreovirus (watery diarrhea with vomiting) and retrovirus (watery diarrhea with vomiting) seasonal to fall-spring
Hymenolepis diminuta
very small cestode (dwarf) spread via MEALWORMS causes abdominal symptoms and anorexia diagnose via characteristic eggs in feces treat with praziquantel
Hymenolepis nana
very small cestode (dwarf) spread via MICE causes abdominal symptoms and anorexia diagnose via characteristic eggs in feces treat with praziquantel
trichuris trichuria
whip shaped intestinal nematode ingested as eggs infect intestines cause BLOODY DIARRHEA and RECTAL PROLAPSE diagnose via bile stained BARREL SHAPED EGGS treat with albendazole