Microbiology CH 20-22 Smartbook

Which two statements correctly describe Borrelia burgdorferi?

1. B. burgdorferi is a microaerophile that oxidizes glucose for growth. 2. B. burgdorferi requires N-acetyl glucosamine for growth.

Which of the following are well-known genera of the Campylobacterales?

1. Helicobacter 2. Campylobacter

Which statements describe the genus Campylobacter?

1. Infection with some species precedes the development of Guillain-Barre syndrome in humans. 2. It contains both nonpathogens and species pathogenic for humans and other animals.

Which two statements are correct about myxospores?

1. Myxospores are desiccation resistant. 2. Fruiting bodies assist in the dispersal of myxospores.

Which two of the following are common characteristics of the genus Bacteroides?

1. Non-motile 2. Anaerobic

What two are major human diseases caused by Rickettsia?

1. Typhus 2. Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

Adventurous motility in Myxococcus xanthus occurs in cells Blank______.

at the periphery of a group

In the nodules formed when Rhizobium invades legume roots, Blank______.

atmospheric nitrogen is converted to ammonia

Phase variation in the outer membrane protein in Borrelia evolved to Blank______.

avoid clearance by the host immune system

Rickettsia species often live in Blank______.

fleas or ticks

Which of these best describes the cellular morphology of spirochetes?

flexible helical shape

Methylotrophs that can use methane as a carbon and energy source are called ______.

methanotrophs

Bacteria whose growth is supported only by the assimilation of C1 compounds (formate, methanol, methylamine) are termed obligate

methylotrophs

Which two of the following are distinguishing characteristics of the Myxobacteria?

Fruiting bodies Gliding motility

Which statement about the habitat of Helicobacter pylori is incorrect?

H. pylori infects about 10% of the global population.

The bacterium responsible for human peptic ulcers is ______.

Helicobacter pylori

Which statement is true regarding the organism that gave rise to the eukaryotic mitochondria?

It is classified in the Alphaproteobacteria.

Which organisms are characterized by gliding motility and a complex life cycle with fruiting bodies and spores?

Myxobacteria

Fruiting bodies that are hundreds of microns tall and colored by carotenoid pigments are formed in organisms in the genus Blank______.

Myxococcus

The extinct lineage of bacteria that are believed to have given risen to the eukaryotic mitochondria are classified in the ______.

Phylum Alphaproteobacteria

A genus of α-Proteobacteria that fixes nitrogen symbiotically in root nodules of legumes is Blank______.

Rhizobium

The arrows on the figure depict nitrogen-fixing root nodules formed by members of the genus Blank______.

Rhizobium

In the α-proteobacterial genus Blank______, genome reduction is believed to have occurred after a free-living ancestral form became an intracellular parasite.

Rickettsia

All myxobacteria are Blank______.

aerobic chemoorganotrophs

In the major outer membrane protein of Borrelia, the portion labeled A functions to Blank______.

anchor the protein in the outer membrane

The specialized, symbiotic nitrogen-fixing cells of Rhizobium are known as

bacteroids

In a Bdellovibrio infection, the host cell Blank______.

becomes spherical

Bdellovibrio enters a host cell by Blank______.

boring a hole through the cell wall

In oral biofilms, Fusobacteriota species act as Blank______.

bridges to support the biofilm architecture

Fruiting bodies are often colored red, yellow, or brown by Blank______.

carotenoids

Promoters on invertible DNA elements in Bacteroides strains often control the expression of Blank______

cell surface proteins

From which animal is Campylobacter jejuni likely to be transmitted to humans?

chickens

To isolate new strains of myxobacteria, it is best to sample Blank______.

decaying leaves

In the mammalian digestive tract, organisms of the genus Bacteroides Blank______.

degrade complex carbohydrates

Bdello vibrios prey on Blank______ bacteria.

diderm

If you have the complete genome sequence of an uncultured bacterium, you could infer that it has a cell wall structure by looking for genes that encode enzymes for lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis.

diderm

Members of the genus Rhizobium are notable in that they Blank______.

fix nitrogen symbiotically in root nodules of legumes

In legume root nodules, Rhizobium bacteroids reduce atmospheric nitrogen to ammonia and make the ammonia available to the plant in exchange for Blank______.

fixed carbon

Bacteroids are cells of Rhizobium that are specialized for Blank______.

fixing nitrogen

Methylotrophs first oxidize a C1 compound to Blank______ before it is either assimilated into biomass or oxidized to carbon dioxide.

formaldehyde

Campylobacter jejuni is a major cause of ______.

gastroenteritis

Many microbes, particularly in the phylum Bacteroidetes, move not by flagellar motility but by motility.

gliding

The only carbohydrate that can be used by Helicobacter pylori is Blank______.

glucose

During bdellovibrio infection, the growing bdellovibrio derives its energy from Blank______.

host amino acids

As obligate or facultative anaerobes, bacteria in the phylum Fusobacteriota inhabit Blank______ and Blank______.

intestinal habitats anoxic sediments

In the major outer membrane protein of Borrelia, the portion labeled B Blank______.

is exposed to the cell surface and activates the host immune system

Gliding bacteria ______.

lack flagella

In Flavobacterium motility, cells move in helical tracks, propelled by ______.

large filamentous surface proteins

Borrelia burgdorferi, a spirochete, is the causative agent of disease.

lyme

Methanotrophs use the enzyme Blank______ to oxidize methane.

methane monooxygenase

Helicobacter pylori is an obligate Blank______.

microaerophile

Infection with some species of Campylobacter frequently precedes the development of Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS), the most common form of flaccid paralysis. It is thought that these bacteria trigger GBS by Blank______.

molecular mimicry, in which the immune system mistakenly attacks the peripheral nervous system due to similarities with Campylobacter spp. LPS

The dormant and desiccation-resistant cell type of Myxococcus is called the

myxospore

The vast majority of diderm bacteria stain _______ in the Gram reaction.

negative

The metabolic process that occurs in the structure indicated by the arrows on the figure is ______.

nitrogen fixation

Aggregation and differentiation of myxobacteria to form a fruiting body is triggered by Blank______.

nutrient depletion

Gliding motility is stimulated by low Blank______.

nutrient levels

Gliding motility occurs when cells are ______.

on a surface

In which portion of a bacterial cell do bdellovibrios grow and divide?

periplasm

The regular variation in cell surface proteins of Borrelia that occurs during an infection is termed Blank______.

phase variation

One major difference between Agrobacterium and Rhizobium is that some species within Agrobacterium are Blank______

plant pathogens

One major difference between Agrobacterium and Rhizobium is that some species within Agrobacterium are ______.

plant pathogens

Agrobacterium tumefaciens uses a(n) Blank______ known as Ti to induce crown gall disease.

plasmid

Bdellovibrio species are distinctive in that their life cycles alternate between a Blank______ phase and an intracellular, reproductive phase.

predatory

Gliding motility is powered by Blank______.

proton motive force

In the presence of a food supply, myxobacteria move by Blank______.

social motility

Myxobacteria are typically found in Blank______.

soils

Fusobacterium species exhibit a characteristic Blank______ shape.

spindle, or football

If you have the complete genome sequence of an uncultured bacterium, you could infer that it has a monoderm cell wall structure by looking for genes that encode enzymes for Blank______ biosynthesis.

teichoic acid

The enzyme urease is critical for Helicobacter pylori to maintain its position in the mammalian stomach because Blank______.

the ammonia produced raises the local pH

In the evolution of Rickettsia from a free-living organism to an intracellular parasite, gene reduction occurred because Blank______.

their gene products were no longer necessary

All of the following are true regarding rickettsia metabolism EXCEPT Blank______.

they utilize glucose as an energy source

α-proteobacterial methylotrophs must metabolize formaldehyde quickly due to its Blank______.

toxicity

Agrobacterium species invade several types of plant tissue and transform plant cells into Blank______.

tumor cells

A methylotroph is able to derive its carbon and energy from Blank______.

C1 compounds

One of the major causes of gastroenteritis, along with Salmonella, is Blank______.

Campylobacter jejuni

Which two statements describe ecological traits of spirochetes?

1. Some spirochetes drive the motility of protists. 2. Some spirochetes are able to form symbiotic associations.

Which three of the following are correct regarding bdellovibrio infection?

1. The predator inhibits host DNA synthesis. 2. The predator disrupts the host plasma membrane. 3. The predator uses host nucleotides to synthesize its own nucleic acids.

Which three of the following are distinguishing characteristics of the Rickettsiae?

1. all are diderm 2. generally small in size 3. all are parasitic or mutualistic

The enzyme urease converts urea to ______ and ______.

1. ammonia 2. carbon dioxide

An important difference between Rhizobium and Agrobacterium species is that some species of Agrobacterium are plant pathogens. However, they share other features, notably Blank______ and Blank______.

1. classification in the same family, Rhizobiaceae 2. aerobic metabolism

Campylobacteria are transmitted to human through which three routes?

1. contact with infected animals 2. ingestion of contaminated food 3. oral-anal sexual contact

Gliding motility is especially well adapted to ______.

1. drier habitats 2. movement within solid masses that are permeated by small channels

When Bacteroides strains change their surface proteins through phase variation, it enables them to Blank______ or Blank______.

1. escape viral predators 2. avoid the host immune system

Which are characteristics of the genus Bacteroides?

1. gram negative 2. rods

Match the organism within the phylum Bacteroidota with its tissue attachment. 1. Bacterioides 2. Porphyromonas

1. gut mucosa 2. oral mucosa

Which three properties are found in members of the Campylobacterota?

1. microaerophilic 2. motile by flagella 3. helical or vibroid shape

The invertible DNA elements found in Bacteroides genomes include Blank______ and Blank______.

1. promoters 2. inverted repeats

Choose the two methods used by myxobacteria to kill their prey.

1. secretion of lytic enzymes 2. production of antibiotics

Identify the two types of gliding motility in Myxococcus xanthus.

1. social (S) motility 2. adventurous (A) motility

Bdellovibrio attacks prey by either Blank______ or Blank______.

1. swimming 2. gliding over solid substrates

Two cellular structures unique to the Bacteroidota that help establish their ecological roles are Blank______ and Blank______.

1. type V pili for adhesion 2. type IX secretion systems

What proportion of the bacteria isolated from human feces belong to the genus Bacteroides?

30%

Changing the cell surface by phase variation has been observed in both Bacteroides and Blank______.

Borrelia

Which statement regarding Fusobacterium nucleatum and cancer is false?

F. nucleatum flagella attach to cancer cell receptors, allowing the bacteria to enter the cell.

This image illustrates a single cell of the phylum

Spirochaetes

Which of the following best describes the ecology of spirochetes?

They are exceptionally diverse ecologically, growing in a wide range of habitats.

How do α-proteobacterial methylotrophs deal with the toxicity of formaldehyde, an intermediate in C1 metabolism?

They metabolize it very quickly.

True or false: All methanotrophs are methylotrophs.

True

True or false: Gliding bacteria, like flagellated bacteria, can position themselves at optimal levels of oxygen, hydrogen sulfide, light intensity, temperature, and other factors influencing growth and survival.

True