Microbiology Chapter 16

What is a phagolysosome?

The structure that results from the fusion of a phagosome and a lysosome.

First line defenses have what aspect in common with each other?

They are physical barriers against invading pathogens.

What is the role of opsonins?

They create "handles" that make it easier for the pseudopods of phagocytes to attach to the microbe invader.

If a new bacterial pathogen entered a human body through an accidental needle stick, the first cell that would try to kill the pathogen would likely be If a new bacterial pathogen entered a human body through an accidental needle stick, the first cell that would try to kill the pathogen would likely be

a phagocyte

Margination refers to

adherence of phagocytes to the lining of blood vessels.

A response that is uniquely directed against pathogenic Bordetella pertussis would involve what component?

antibodies

Lysozyme and the antibiotic penicillin have similar mechanisms of action in that they both cause damage to the bacterial

cell wall

The process by which a phagocyte moves toward a chemical signal at the site of an infection is called

chemotaxis

Which of the following is involved in resistance to parasitic helminths?

eosinophils

Which of the following phagocytic processes occurs last in the sequence?

exocytosis

What does the plasma membrane of a phagocyte attach to on a microorganism?

glycoproteins

Both the innate and adaptive defenses of the immune system work to prevent

the penetration and colonization by pathogens, and the diseases they cause.

Which of the following statements about fixed macrophages is FALSE? -They are found in certain tissues and organs. -They develop from neutrophils. -They are mature monocytes. -They are cells of the mononuclear phagocytic system. =They gather at sites of infection.

they develop from neutrophils

innate immunity

is nonspecific and present at birth.

All of the following increase blood vessel permeability EXCEPT -kinins. -lysozymes. -histamine. -prostaglandins. -leukotrienes.

lysozymes

Normal microbiota provide protection from infection in each of the following ways EXCEPT -they produce lysozyme. -they make the chemical environment unsuitable for nonresident bacteria. -they produce antibacterial chemicals. -they compete with pathogens for nutrients. -they change the pH of the environment.

they produce lysosome