Microbiology Chapter 39
Multiple Choice Question In the United States. about what fraction of streptococcal infections develop into rheumatic fever? Multiple choice question. 5% 0.5% 0.05% none
0.05%
The incubation period for gonorrhea in males is ______. Multiple choice question. 2 to 8 days 1 to 2 months 7 to 21 days
2 to 8 days
As shown in the diagram, cellular entry of the diphtheria toxin is mediated by the component known as the _______________ domain of the toxin protein.
B
Select two correct statements regarding the prevention of STDs. Multiple select question. STDs are transmitted only through sexual activity. Because some STDs are impossible to cure, prevention is essential. Public education for STDs is best directed at urban teenagers. Preventive measures for STDs are based on public education.
Because some STDs are impossible to cure, prevention is essential. Preventive measures for STDs are based on public education.
The causative agent of Lyme disease in the United States is ______. Multiple choice question. Borrelia burgdorferi Borrelia afzelii Borrelia garinii
Borrelia burgdorferi
Diphtheria is a respiratory infection caused by bacteria of the genus ______. Multiple choice question. Mycobacterium Corynebacterium Chlamydia Streptococcus
Corynebacterium
True or false: Legionella is spread from one person to another by contact with respiratory secretions. True false question. True False
False
True or false: Plague has been completely eliminated from the United States since the early 1900s. True false question. True False
False
Because Clostridium perfringens, the main causative agent of gas gangrene, has a doubling time of only 8-10 minutes in a human host, rapid diagnosis and treatment is essential. Therefore, which statement regarding diagnosis and treatment is most reasonable? Multiple choice question. Antibiotic therapy should be delayed until culture and sensitivity results can be obtained. Gas gangrene should be considered a medical emergency. Immediate amputation of any affected limb(s) is required to remove all infected tissue.
Gas gangrene should be considered a medical emergency.
Corynebacterium diphtheriae, the causative agent of diphtheria, is ______. Multiple choice question. Gram negative Gram positive
Gram positive
After facilitating the entry of the entire diphtheria toxin into a cell, what is the fate of the B domain? Multiple choice question. It catalyzes the attachment of ADP-ribose to translation elongation factor EF-2. It becomes embedded in the nuclear membrane. It is recycled and released from the cell by exocytosis. It becomes embedded in the endosome membrane.
It becomes embedded in the endosome membrane.
How does treatment of syphilis at a late stage differ from treatment of syphilis at an early stage? Multiple choice question. Surgery is required to remove the gummas. More toxic drugs are needed. There is no difference in treatment. Larger doses of antibiotics must be taken for a longer time.
Larger doses of antibiotics must be taken for a longer time.
Airborne bacterial diseases are most likely to affect which organs in humans? Multiple select question. Lungs Throat Inner ear Teeth
Lungs Throat
Select all that apply Which three tests are most commonly used for laboratory diagnosis of Lyme disease? Multiple select question. PCR amplification of Borrelia DNA from patient synovial fluid PCR amplification of Borrelia DNA from patient cerebrospinal fluid detection of IgM or IgG antibodies to Borrelia recovery of the spirochetes from patient specimens Gram staining samples of patient synovial fluid
PCR amplification of Borrelia DNA from patient synovial fluid detection of IgM or IgG antibodies to Borrelia recovery of the spirochetes from patient specimens
Which three tests are most commonly used for laboratory diagnosis of Lyme disease? Multiple select question. detection of IgM or IgG antibodies to Borrelia recovery of the spirochetes from patient specimens Gram staining samples of patient synovial fluid PCR amplification of Borrelia DNA from patient synovial fluid PCR amplification of Borrelia DNA from patient cerebrospinal fluid
PCR amplification of Borrelia DNA from patient synovial fluid detection of IgM or IgG antibodies to Borrelia recovery of the spirochetes from patient specimens
Select all that apply Select the three organisms that most often cause bacterial meningitis. Multiple select question. Mycobacterium tuberculosis Streptococcus pneumoniae Haemophilus influenzae serotype b Staphylococcus aureus Neisseria meningitidis
Streptococcus pneumoniae Haemophilus influenzae serotype b Neisseria meningitidis
At which stage of Lyme disease is antibiotic treatment most effective? Multiple choice question. The first localized stage The third late stage The second disseminated stage
The first localized stage
Select all that apply Airborne bacterial diseases are most likely to affect which organs in humans? Multiple select question. Throat Teeth Lungs Inner ear
Throat Lungs
The causative organism of plague is ______. Multiple choice question. Yersinia pestis Borrelia burgdorferi Bordetella pertussis Clostridium perfringens
Yersinia pestis
Gonococci attach to mucosal cells by using pili as well as protein II, which is a type of Multiple choice question. adhesin. cilia. enzyme. flagellum.
adhesin.
One of the most effective ways to transmit Legionella species is by ______. Multiple choice question. aerosolized water sexual contact water consumption skin contact
aerosolized water
One of the most effective ways to transmit Legionella species is by ______. Multiple choice question. sexual contact skin contact water consumption aerosolized water
aerosolized water
Select all that apply Select two pathogenic effects of the M protein of group A streptococci. Multiple select question. dissolves blood clots aids attachment to host cells prevents opsonization kills host leukocytes inhibits adenylate cylase
aids attachment to host cells prevents opsonization
Select two pathogenic effects of the M protein of group A streptococci. Multiple select question. kills host leukocytes aids attachment to host cells dissolves blood clots inhibits adenylate cylase prevents opsonization
aids attachment to host cells prevents opsonization
Transmission of the plague from one human to another most commonly occurs by ______. Multiple choice question. airborne droplets contact with blood skin-to-skin contact inanimate objects (fomites)
airborne droplets
Transmission of the plague from one human to another most commonly occurs by ______. Multiple choice question. skin-to-skin contact inanimate objects (fomites) contact with blood airborne droplets
airborne droplets
A major symptom that characterizes the second stage of Lyme disease is ______. Multiple choice question. arthritis in the major joints intense itching kidney inflammation shortness of breath
arthritis in the major joints
Question Mode Multiple Choice Question What type of disease is the poststreptococcal disease rheumatic fever? Multiple choice question. cancerous degenerative traumatic autoimmune
autoimmune
What type of disease is the poststreptococcal disease rheumatic fever? Multiple choice question. cancerous traumatic autoimmune degenerative
autoimmune
Select two signs or symptoms that occur in the third stage of Lyme disease. Multiple select question. erythema migrans heart inflammation arthritis in the major joints behavioral changes neuron demyelination
behavioral changes neuron demyelination
The B domain of diphtheria toxin facilitates toxin entry into eukaryotic cells by ______. Multiple choice question. diffusing through the cell membrane exerting a toxic effect on the cell using a type III secretion system binding to a common cell surface receptor
binding to a common cell surface receptor
Multiple Select Question Select all that apply In the human body, plague bacteria multiply in which two tissues? Multiple select question. blood skin lymph lungs brain
blood lymph
extracellular enzymes
break down host tissues
Select all that apply Select all events that occur during histotoxic clostridial infection. Multiple select question. breakdown of muscle tissue secretion of alpha-toxin by vegetative bacteria formation of endospore to facilitate long-term infection germination of endospores in anoxic human tissue production of gas as a result of carbohydrate fermentation
breakdown of muscle tissue secretion of alpha-toxin by vegetative bacteria germination of endospores in anoxic human tissue production of gas as a result of carbohydrate fermentation
The old name for plague is the _____________ plague.
bubonic
During infection with histotoxic clostridia, the bacteria secrete α-toxin, which is a lecithinase that disrupts ______. Multiple choice question. mitochondria cell membranes ribosomes nuclear membranes
cell membranes
During infection with histotoxic clostridia, the bacteria secrete α-toxin, which is a lecithinase that disrupts ______. Multiple choice question. ribosomes nuclear membranes mitochondria cell membranes
cell membranes
Select three common targets of the autoimmune response in rheumatic fever. Multiple select question. central nervous system peripheral nerves heart valves joints muscles
central nervous system heart valves joints
Which sign or symptom would suggest that a meningitis caused by Neisseria meningitidis has developed into meningococcemia? Multiple choice question. sore throat diarrhea characteristic rash respiratory illness
characteristic rash
The most frequently reported STD caused by a bacterium is ______. Multiple choice question. syphilis gonorrhea chlamydia AIDS
chlamydia
Select two effective prevention strategies for legionellosis. Multiple select question. immunization of carriers within populations cleaning of water-containing devices use of prophylactic antibiotics for all guests staying in hotels public education of safe sex practices chlorination of standing water sources
cleaning of water-containing devices chlorination of standing water sources
Select two effective prevention strategies for legionellosis. Multiple select question. immunization of carriers within populations public education of safe sex practices use of prophylactic antibiotics for all guests staying in hotels cleaning of water-containing devices chlorination of standing water sources
cleaning of water-containing devices chlorination of standing water sources
Select four signs or symptoms that would be expected in a person suffering from meningitis caused by Neisseria meningitidis. Multiple select question. cough confusion vomiting headache stiff neck chest pain
confusion vomiting headache stiff neck
Infections with histotoxic clostridia are usually acquired by ______. Multiple choice question. contamination of injured tissue with spores from soil exposure to respiratory droplet from an infected individual direct skin-to-skin contact with an infected individual sharing needles
contamination of injured tissue with spores from soil
Legionella pneumophila is found in many soil and fresh water ecosystems, but most outbreaks of legionellosis are traced to contamination of which man made environment? Multiple choice question. factory farms cooling systems septic systems public toilets
cooling systems
Corynebacterium diphtheria, the causative agent of diphtheria, is readily transmitted through air because the bacteria are particularly resistant to ______. Multiple choice question. desiccation humidity cold temperatures radiation
desiccation
streptokinase
dissolve blood clots
Select three signs or symptoms of gas gangrene. Multiple select question. edema (swelling) sweet odor to the breath severe pain muscle necrosis skin rash
edema (swelling) severe pain muscle necrosis
The diphtheria toxin A domain catalyzes the addition of ADP-ribose to which component of translation? Multiple choice question. release factor 1 ribosomal RNA elongation factor 2 aminoacyl tRNA synthetase
elongation factor 2
True or false: All STDs are treatable with antibiotics. True false question. True False
false
True or false: The Lyme disease spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi, is not susceptible to antibiotics. True false question.TrueFalse
false
Select all that apply Select three correct descriptions of Legionella pneumophila. Multiple select question. fastidious Gram negative anaerobic inhabit air-conditioning systems humans are only known reservoir
fastidious Gram negative inhabit air-conditioning systems
Which two symptoms or signs are associated with the first stage of Lyme disease? Multiple select question. flu-like symptoms arthritis a severe cough neuron demyelination a bulls-eye rash
flu-like symptoms a bulls-eye rash
Neisseria gonorrhoeae is the causative agent of the disease called ______________.
gonorrhea
Select all that apply Which of the following sexually-transmitted diseases are caused by bacteria? Multiple select question. gonorrhea herpes chlamydia syphilis AIDS
gonorrhea chlamydia syphilis
Another name for Streptococcus pyogenes is ______. Multiple choice question. group A, alpha-hemolytic streptococcus group B, beta-hemolytic streptococcus group A, beta-hemolytic streptococcus group B, alpha-hemolytic streptococcus
group A, beta-hemolytic streptococcus
Legionella multiplies within what two types of cells? Multiple select question. skin keratinocytes human intestinal cells human macrophages free-living protists insect salivary glands
human macrophages free-living protists
Human bacterial diseases in the sinuses, throat, bronchus, or lungs are most likely to have been caused by ______. Multiple choice question. ingestion of contaminated food or water inhalation of infectious particles sexual contact with an infected individual an insect bite
inhalation of infectious particles
Human bacterial diseases in the sinuses, throat, bronchus, or lungs are most likely to have been caused by ______. Multiple choice question. inhalation of infectious particles ingestion of contaminated food or water sexual contact with an infected individual an insect bite
inhalation of infectious particles
The diphtheria toxin A domain is lethal to eukaryotic cells because ______. Multiple choice question. it causes acidification of the cytoplasm and cleavage of disulfide bonds it inactivates all of the ribosomes in the cell it inactivates the entire cellular pool of its target protein
it inactivates the entire cellular pool of its target protein
The diphtheria toxin A domain is lethal to eukaryotic cells because ______. Multiple choice question. it inactivates all of the ribosomes in the cell it causes acidification of the cytoplasm and cleavage of disulfide bonds it inactivates the entire cellular pool of its target protein
it inactivates the entire cellular pool of its target protein
Select three common targets of the autoimmune response in rheumatic fever. Multiple select question. joints heart valves central nervous system peripheral nerves muscles
joints heart valves central nervous system
streptolysin O
kills host leukocytes
The bacterium Legionella pneumophila is the causative agent of Legionnaire's disease, also known as ________________________.
legionellosis
Select three ways that a person may become infected with Yersinia pestis. Multiple select question. drinking unpasteurized milk from an infected cow inhaling contaminated airborne droplets receiving a bite from an infected flea direct contact with infected animals swimming in a contaminated lake
mammalian gut soil
The disease in which the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord are inflamed is called __________________.
meningitis
Most bacteria that cause meningitis are a part of the normal microbiota of the human ______. Multiple choice question. meninges gingiva intestine nasopharynx
nasopharynx
Yersinia pestis, the causative organism of plague, is Gram-______. Multiple choice question. negative positive
negative
Select all that apply Select two signs or symptoms that occur in the third stage of Lyme disease. Multiple select question. behavioral changes heart inflammation neuron demyelination arthritis in the major joints erythema migrans
neuron demyelination behavioral changes
Hyperbaric oxygen treatment is often effective in treating infections with histotoxic clostridia, because these organisms are ______. Multiple choice question. obligate aerobes microaerophilic obligate anaerobes facultative anaerobes
obligate anaerobes
Which type of molecule is transferred from Yersinia pestis to phagocytes via the injectosome? Multiple choice question. endosporelike body superantigen outer membrane protein lecithinase
outer membrane protein
In the early stages, syphilis can be cured with a single dose of long-acting ______. Multiple choice question. streptomycin AZT acyclovir penicillin
penicillin
The treatment for most streptococcal infections is ______. Multiple choice question. antiviral compounds inhaled corticosteroids penicillin antibiotics topical anesthetic
penicillin antibiotics
Select three human tissues that are susceptible to damage by the diphtheria toxin. Multiple select question. lungs muscles peripheral nerves kidneys heart
peripheral nerves kidneys heart
Yersinia pestis proliferates inside which type of host cell? Multiple choice question. lung epithelium phagocyte reticulocyte erythrocyte
phagocyte
Colonization of the nasopharynx by Neisseria meningitidis is mediated by what type of structure on the bacterial cell? Multiple choice question. pili flagellar filament stalk outer membrane porin
pili
Type IV ____________ (shown in the image) are external to the Neisseria meningitidis cell and are required for attachment of the bacterial pathogen to host cells.
pili
Legionnaire's disease, or legionellosis, is a type of ______. Multiple choice question. gastroenteritis pneumonia meningitis dermatitis
pneumonia
The pathogenic streptococci are Gram-______. Multiple choice question. negative positive
positive
The best way to prevent infection with Streptococcus pyogenes is ______. Multiple choice question. prevention of transmission vaccination prophylactic antibiotics
prevention of transmission
Select all that apply Select all events that occur during histotoxic clostridial infection. Multiple select question. formation of endospore to facilitate long-term infection production of gas as a result of carbohydrate fermentation breakdown of muscle tissue germination of endospores in anoxic human tissue secretion of alpha-toxin by vegetative bacteria
production of gas as a result of carbohydrate fermentation breakdown of muscle tissue germination of endospores in anoxic human tissue secretion of alpha-toxin by vegetative bacteria
capsule
resists phagocytosis
The bacteria responsible for meningitis are usually transmitted through ______. Multiple choice question. sexual contact saliva respiratory secretions skin to skin contact
respiratory secretions
Select all that apply Select two poststreptococcal diseases. Multiple select question. rheumatic fever Bright's disease rheumatoid arthritis gingivitis tuberculosis
rheumatic fever Bright's disease
Rheumatic fever is most common in which group? Multiple choice question. pregnant women infants and toddlers school-age children AIDS patients
school-age children
In which two environments can histotoxic clostridia be found? Multiple select question. improperly canned foods soil fresh water inside free living protists mammalian gut
soil mammalian gut
Which is the causative agent of Lyme disease? Multiple choice question. fungus protozoan deer tick spirochete
spirochete
Select all that apply Select two possible effects of chlamydial disease in pregnant women. Multiple select question. stillbirth preterm labor miscarriage prolonged labor
stillbirth miscarriage
Select all that apply Select three virulence factors produced by group A streptococci. Multiple select question. streptokinases streptolysins M protein streptomycins tetanospasmin
streptokinases streptolysins M protein
Which of the following sexually-transmitted diseases are caused by bacteria? Multiple select question. AIDS syphilis herpes gonorrhea chlamydia
syphilis gonorrhea chlamydia
The poststreptococcal diseases are so named because ______. Multiple choice question. they occur several weeks after an acute streptococcal infection they are caused by a consortia of organisms that are all streptococci they are caused by streptococci that have invaded other tissues
they occur several weeks after an acute streptococcal infection
Strep throat commonly includes which two specific conditions? Multiple select question. tonsillitis acute bronchitis pharyngitis
tonsillitis pharyngitis
The most frequently isolated species of Chlamydia that causes a sexually transmitted disease is Chlamydia ______. Multiple choice question. pecorum trachomatis pneumoniae psittaci
trachomatis
True or False Question True or false: The risk of sexually transmitted diseases increases as people have more sexual partners. True false question.TrueFalse
true
True or false: Sexually transmitted diseases may be caused by bacteria, viruses, or parasites. True false question.TrueFalse
true
Sexually-transmitted diseases were formerly called _______ diseases.
venereal
Select four signs or symptoms that would be expected in a person suffering from meningitis caused by Neisseria meningitidis. Multiple select question. vomiting cough chest pain confusion headache stiff neck
vomiting confusion headache stiff neck
When untreated, the second stages of Lyme disease usually appears how long after the first stage? Multiple choice question. years weeks to months a few days
weeks to months
The time delay between the second and third stages of Lyme disease is ______. Multiple choice question. years weeks to months a few days
years
