microbiology chapter 4 part 2

Why is it difficult to group bacteria into species? Bacteria can accept genetic material from others. Bacteria are not alive and are not cells. Bacteria can alter their genetic makeup. Bacteria do not use a typical mode of sexual reproduction.

Bacteria can accept genetic material from others. Bacteria can alter their genetic makeup. Bacteria do not use a typical mode of sexual reproduction.

Members of Chlamydia and Rickettsia differ in that Chlamydia do not require which of the following? Multiple choice question. Ribosomes for protein synthesis Arthropods for transmission Host cells for metabolism Host cells for growth

Arthropods for transmission

What are the three most common shapes of bacterial cells? Multiple select question. Bacillus Spirillum Irregular Coccus Filamentous

Bacillus Spirillum Coccus

When conditions are favorable, bacterial endospores break dormancy, known as entering which of the following cycles? Multiple choice question. Lytic Germination Lysogenic Sporulation

Germination

Which of the following describe green and purple sulfur bacteria? Multiple select question. Gram-positive Gram-negative Aerobic Anaerobic

Gram-negative Anaerobic

Bacteria often store excess nutrients in membrane bound compartments called which of the following? Multiple choice question. Inclusions Granules Ribosomes

Inclusions

Where do obligate intracellular parasites live? Multiple choice question. Freely in the environment In water Inside a host cell Wherever there is sunlight available

Inside a host cell

Members of Chlamydia are similar to those of Rickettsia in that they require host cells for which of the following? Multiple select question. Metabolism Transmission Growth

Metabolism Growth

Identify the structure that is absent in bacteria and archaea. Multiple choice question. Cell membrane Nucleus Chromosome Ribosome

Nucleus

How many chromosomes do most bacteria contain? Multiple choice question. Forty-six One Two Twenty-three

One

Which of the following are small, circular pieces of DNA that exist independently within bacterial cytoplasm? Multiple choice question. Nucleoid Endospores Plasmids Ribosomes

Plasmids

In order to destroy endospore-forming bacteria in canned foods, canning is carried out under which of the following conditions? Multiple choice question. Boiling at 100οC for one hour Pressurized steam at 120οC for 2 hours Boiling at 100οC for 20 minutes Pressurized steam at 120οC for 20 minutes

Pressurized steam at 120οC for 20 minutes

Gliding bacteria belong to the Phylum ------------ .

Proteobacteria

Which of the following are gram-positive cells that have lost their cells walls, usually as a result of the activity of lysozyme or penicillin? Multiple choice question. Exospores Endospores Mycoplasmas Protoplasts Spheroplasts

Protoplasts

According to the fluid mosaic model, the lipid bilayer is embedded with numerous globular ------------ .

proteins or protein

Gram-positive cells that have lost their cell wall are called ------------

protoplasts

Many of the extreme halophiles synthesize ATP using a pigment of which color? Multiple choice question. Red Blue Yellow Green

red

Fungal spores function in _______, while bacterial spores function in _______. protection; protection protection; reproduction reproduction; protection reproduction; reproduction

reproduction; protection

A bacterial ------------ is defined as a collection of cells that share a pattern of overall similarity in traits.

species

A bacterial is defined as a collection of cells that share a pattern of overall similarity in traits.

species

Once a vegetative bacterial cell is committed to sporulation the cell is called a(n) -------------.

sporangium

The depletion of nutrients, especially amino acids, is a stimulus for ------------- in bacteria.

sporulation, endospores, endospore formation, spore formation, sporangium, or spores

A(n) ---------- is a culture derived from a single parent that differs in structure or metabolism from other cultures of that species.

strain, variety, or type

True or false: Bacterial endospores are more resistant to disinfectants than vegetative cells. True false question. True False

true

The metabolically active and growing phase of endospore forming bacteria is called the .----------- -------------.

vegetative cell

The metabolically active and growing phase of endospore forming bacteria is called the ------------ ------------.

vegetative cell

Green and purple sulfur bacteria differ from the cyanobacteria in having a different type of chlorophyll called ------------.

bacteriochlorophyll

Internal membranes of certain bacteria are generally outgrowths of the -------------- membrane.

cell, cellular, or plasma

The prefix "strepto" is used to indicate that cells are in which of the following arrangements? Multiple choice question. Tetrads Clusters Chains Pairs

chains

The hereditary material of most bacteria exists in the form of a single strand of DNA.

circular

The ------------ were the first photosynthesizers, responsible for converting the atmospheric from anaerobic to aerobic

cyanobacteria

The ------------ were the first photosynthesizers, responsible for converting the atmospheric from anaerobic to aerobic.

cyanobacteria

Organisms such as the Archaea, are termed because they are capable of living in very harsh environments.

extremophiles or extremophile

Methanogens are organisms that are able to convert carbon dioxide and hydrogen into methane which may be a contributing factor of the " ------------- effect" and can contribute to global warming.

greenhouse

Extreme ------------ require high salt concentrations in order to grow.

halophiles

The nutrition of many bacteria is ______, meaning that they feed primarily off nutrients from other organisms. Multiple choice question. photosynthetic heterotrophic autotrophic

heterotrophic

A type of extremophile, ------------ are able to flourish at high temperatures such as those found in thermal heat vents and volcanic waters.

hyperthermophiles

Cytoplasmic -------------- , such as granules or vesicles, can store organic and inorganic nutrients and even gases or magnetic iron oxides.

inclusions or inclusion

The gliding bacteria are contained within the gram- ------------bacteria.

negative

In prokaryotes, the chromosomal DNA is aggregated in a central area called the .-------------- .

nucleoid

The first edition of Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology used a phenetic method of classification, the second edition uses a ------------system.

phylogenetic

The first edition of Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology used a phenetic method of classification, the second edition uses a ----------system.

phylogenetic

Cyanobacteria have made contributions to eukaryotic evolution that include the chloroplasts of and .------------.

plants algae

The small, circular pieces of DNA of bacterial cells which can carry the traits for antibiotic resistance or toxin production are called . -------------.

plasmids or plasmid

Cyanobacteria have existed in some form for how many years? Multiple choice question. 6 Billion 2 Billion 3 Billion 1Billion 10 Billion

3 billion

Cyanobacteria, Prochlorococcus and Tricholdesium account for how much of global biomass formation? Multiple choice question. 30-40% 70-80% 10-20% 50-60%

30-40%

Endospore formation in spore-forming bacteria takes about how much time? Multiple choice question. 24 hours 6-12 hours 10 days 6-12 days

6-12 hours

Which of the following are functions of the bacterial cell membrane? Multiple select question. A barrier between the internal and external contents of the cell Provide a site for energy reactions To maintain the structural strength of the cell Provide a site for nutrient processing and synthesis Aid in motility

A barrier between the internal and external contents of the cell Provide a site for energy reactions Provide a site for nutrient processing and synthesis

If you needed specific information regarding bacterial classification and taxonomy, which one of the following resources should you use? Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology Center for Disease Control's Journal of Emerging and Infectious Diseases US Food and Drug Administration's Bad Bug Book

Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology

The cytoskeleton is an intracellular network of , and intermediate filaments that are found throughout the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells and contribute to cell shape.

Blank 1: actin or microfilament Blank 2: tubulin or microtubule

When a rod-shaped bacterium is short and plump it is called a(n) -------------- and if it is gently curved it is called a(n) --------------- .

Blank 1: coccobacillus, coccus, Blank 2: vibrio

A(n) ------------ parasite requires a host cell in order to survive.

Blank 1: obligate Blank 2: intracellular

Chlorophyll b and the bluish pigment ------------ are the primary photosynthetic pigments of cyanobacteria and are located in the ------------

Blank 1: phycocyanin Blank 2: thylakoids

The cell membranes of archaea contain which of the following? Multiple choice question. Cyclic hydrocarbons Phospholipids Fatty acids Branched hydrocarbons

Branched hydrocarbons

The canning food industry must be sure their process destroys which of the following bacteria that can cause food poisoning? Multiple choice question. C. perfringens C. tetani C. botulinum B. anthracis

C. botulinum

------------- ------------ in. endospores removes water and leaves the endospore very dehydrated.

Calcium dipicolinate

The heat resistance of bacterial endospores has been linked to high concentrations of which of the following? Multiple choice question. Iron oxide Calcium chloride Sodium chloride Calcium dipicolinate

Calcium dipicolinate

Which of the following diseases is not caused by a member of Rickettsia? Multiple choice question. Cat Scratch disease Endemic typhus Rocky Mountain Spotted fever

Cat Scratch disease

What cell envelope component is not a static structure? Multiple choice question. Peptidoglycan Nuclear membrane Cell membrane Cell wall

Cell membrane

Which of the following acts as a selective barrier between the internal and external contents of the cell? Multiple choice question. Capsule Cell wall Cell membrane

Cell membrane

Which of the following acts as a selective barrier between the internal and external contents of the cell? Multiple choice question. Cell wall Cell membrane Capsule

Cell membrane

Which of the following are methods used to identify bacteria? Multiple select question. Cell morphology Bacterial biochemistry Serological analysis Genetic techniques Form of reproduction

Cell morphology Bacterial biochemistry Serological analysis Genetic techniques

Which of the following bacteria can cause severe eye infections? Multiple choice question. Rickettsia typhi Pseudomonas aeruginosa Escherichia coli Chlamydia trachomatis

Chlamydia trachomatis

If microbiologists only used the Gram stain and shape to identify bacteria, we could not assign bacteria to a more specific level than which of the following? Multiple choice question. Kingdom Phylum Order Class Family

Class

Which of the following are medically relevant endospore-producing genera? Mycobacterium Clostridium Bacillus Escherichia

Clostridium Bacillus

------------- ---------------- is the anaerobic spore-forming bacterium that causes gas gangrene.

Clostridium perfringens

What is the correct term for describing very short, ovoid, rod-shaped bacterial cells? Multiple choice question. Cocci Coccobacilli Bacilli

Coccobacilli

What is a spherically-shaped bacterial cell termed? Multiple choice question. Bacillus Spirillum Coccus

Coccus

A palisades arrangement of cells is typical in which of the following bacteria? Multiple choice question. Vibrio Corynebacteria Clostridia Streptococci

Corynebacteria

Which of the following has internal membranes that are the site of photosynthesis?

Cyanobacteria

Recent evidence suggests that bacteria, like eukaryotic cells, maintain and support cell shape through a network of protein fibers called which of the following? Multiple choice question. Endoplasmic reticulum Nucleolus Cytoskeleton Golgi network

Cytoskeleton

Which of the following is the major factor that stimulates endospore formation? Multiple choice question. Excess moisture Depletion of nutrients Extreme temperature UV radiation

Depletion of nutrients

Which of the following diseases are caused by members of Rickettsia? Multiple select question. Scarlet fever West Nile encephalitis Endemic Typhus Lyme disease Rocky Mountain Spotted fever

Endemic Typhus Rocky Mountain Spotted fever

Which of the following is formed during bacterial sporulation? Multiple choice question. Sporangium Endospore Gamete Cell wall

Endospore

The ribosomal subunit structures in archaea are similar to which of the following? Multiple choice question. Rickettsia Eukaryotic cells Viruses Bacteria

Eukaryotic cells

What general word is used to describe a preference for an environment such as high heat or high levels of salt? Multiple choice question. Extremophile Psychrophile Audiophile Capnophile

Extremophile

Fungal spores function in both survival and reproduction, while bacterial endospores function in survival only. True false question. True False

False

Which of the following are gram-positive cells that have lost their cells walls, usually as a result of the activity of lysozyme or penicillin? Multiple choice question. Exospores Mycoplasmas Spheroplasts Reason: This is the term for gram-negative cells that have lost their peptidoglycan but retain their outer membrane. Protoplasts Endospores

Protoplasts

Which group of bacteria grow at very low temperatures? Multiple choice question. Thermophiles Halophiles Psychrophiles Methanogens

Psychrophiles

Which structure has a small and large subunit and is composed of rRNA and protein? Multiple choice question. Ribosome Nucleus Lysosome Golgi apparatus Endoplasmic reticulum

Ribosome

Which groups of bacteria are obligate intracellular parasites? Multiple select question. Rickettsia Green and Purple Sulfur bacteria Chlamydia Cyanobacteria

Rickettsia Chlamydia

A bacillus is a bacterial cell with which of the following shapes? Multiple choice question. Spiral Rod Spherical

Rod

The genus Bacillus contains bacteria of which shape?

Rod

Extreme halophiles are inhabitants of which of the following environments? Oceans Salt mines Salt lakes Inland seas

Salt mines Salt lakes Inland seas

Which of the following are gram-negative cells that have lost their cell walls, usually as a result of the activity of lysozyme or penicillin? Multiple choice question. Endospores Protoplasts Spheroplasts Exospores Mycoplasmas

Spheroplasts

Which of the following describes a rigid, loosely twisted, helical bacterium? Multiple choice question. Spirochete Coccobacilli Spirillum Vibrio

Spirillum

A tightly-coiled, yet flexible helical bacterium is described as which of the following? Multiple choice question. Spirochete Vibrio Spirillum

Spirochete

Which of the following are rigid lipids that stabilize the cell membranes of mycoplasmas? Multiple choice question. Fatty Acids Sterols Wax Phospholipids

Sterols

Products of bacterial photosynthesis include which of the following? Multiple select question. Water Carbon dioxide Sulfates Oxygen

Sulfates Oxygen

Bacterial types can differ from other types in the same species in which of the following ways? Cell wall makeup Number of chromosomes Susceptibility to bacterial viruses Antigenic makeup Pathogenicity

Susceptibility to bacterial viruses Antigenic makeup Pathogenicity

Identify three advantages of endospore formation. Multiple select question. The endospore is more resistant to antimicrobial agents. The endospore provides cell shape. Endospores are highly resistant to radiation and heat. The endospore provides protection in dry conditions. The endospore allows faster cell replication.

The endospore is more resistant to antimicrobial agents. Endospores are highly resistant to radiation and heat. The endospore provides protection in dry conditions.

Green and purple sulfur bacteria differ from cyanobacteria in which ways? Multiple select question. They do not produce oxygen during photosynthesis. They have thylakoids. Reason: Cyanobacteria have thylakoids but not green or purple sulfur bacteria. They are heterotrophs and are not photosynthetic. They have bacteriochlorophyll instead of chlorophyll.

They do not produce oxygen during photosynthesis. They have bacteriochlorophyll instead of chlorophyll.

Green and purple sulfur bacteria differ from cyanobacteria in which ways? They have thylakoids. They are heterotrophs and are not photosynthetic. They have bacteriochlorophyll instead of chlorophyll. They do not produce oxygen during photosynthesis.

They have bacteriochlorophyll instead of chlorophyll. They do not produce oxygen during photosynthesis.

50% of oxygen production through photosynthesis in the oceans is produced by which bacteria? Multiple select question. Bacillus Streptococcus Trichodesium Prochlorococcus

Trichodesium Prochlorococcus

True or false: Mycoplasmas are pleomorphic because they do not contain a cell wall for shape. True false question. True False

True

True or false: Some photosynthetic bacteria produce sulfur granules or sulfates. True false question. True False

True

Two genera of pathogenic bacteria that form endospores are Clostridium and Bacillus. True false question. True False

True

Which is the active, growing state of endospore-forming bacteria? Multiple choice question. Sporulating Vegetative

Vegetative