Microbiology Exam 01 Questions
Which of the following is an incorrect pairing? a. viruses; acellular parasites b. algae; aquatic and marine habitats c. fungi; cell walls d. prokaryotes; no nuclei e. protozoa; multicellular
Protozoa: multicellular
The events of ________ are initiated at sequences called origins.
DNA replication
Which of the following is found at the 5' end of a DNA strand?
a phosphate group
Which of the following is true of catabolism? a. An example of a catabolism is the creation of sugar from carbon dioxide and water. b. Catabolic reactions build up complex organic compounds from simpler ones. c. Catabolic reactions use energy from ATP, converting it to ADP. d. Catabolic reactions are exergonic; they break down complex organic molecules into simpler ones.
catabolic reactions are exergonic; they break down complex organic molecules into simpler ones.
Which of the following is part of the structure of the mitochondria of a eukaryotic cell? a. inclusions b. cristae c. nucleolus d. thylakoids e. cilia
cristae
During log phase, bacteria are __________. a. preparing to divide b. dying exponentially c. dying and dividing in equal numbers d. dividing at the fastest possible rate
dividing at the fastest possible rate
In Figure 5.8, where is ATP produced?
e.
Unlike chemiosmosis in eukaryotes, prokaryotes chemiosmosis __________. a. does not require a membrane b. occurs at the plasma membrane and not the mitochondria c. electrons are eventually passed to organic molecules instead of inorganic acceptors d. does not require ATP synthase
occurs at the plasma membrane and not the mitochondria
The absence of ________ leaves obligate anaerobes susceptible to killing by oxygen. a. superoxide dismutase b. peroxidase c. catalase d. vitamin E e. carotenoids
superoxide dismutase
As electrons move through the mitochondrial space, a. the pH of the intermembrane space decreases. b. water is oxidized. c. NADH is reduced. d. ATP synthase works by active transport.
the pH of the intermembrane space decreases
Which of the following organisms would be most likely to contaminate a jar of pickles? a. a mesophile b. an acidophile c. an obligate anaerobe d. a thermophile e. a neutrophile
an acidophile
The flagella of archaea are similar to bacterial flagella but differ in that they a. move like a whip. b. are anchored in the cytoplasm. c. are driven by ATP hydrolysis. d. are hollow. e. lack a basal body.
are driven by ATP hydrolysis
All living organisms can be classified into three domains: a. Animalia, Plantae, and Microbes b. Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya c. Eukaryotes, Prokaryotes, and Viruses d. Carnivores, Herbivores, and Omnivores
b. Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya
Ehrlich searched for a/an _______ that would destroy a pathogen without harming the infected host. a. pathogen b. magic bullet c. vaccine d. herbal remedy
b. magic bullet
Why are viruses NOT classified as prokaryotes nor eukaryotes? a. they are so small, an electron microscope is used to observe them b. they need a host to survive, they are not considered alive c. they lack a cell wall d. they lack peptidoglycan
b. they need a host to survive, they are not considered alive
Antoni van Leeuwenhoek was the first person in history to a. use a magnifying glass. b. view microorganisms and record these observations. c. disprove spontaneous generation. d. use the germ theory of disease. e. develop a taxonomic system.
b. view microorganisms and record these observations
All of the following steps are involved in the aerobic electron transport chain. Which step happens last? a.) Electrons flow between membrane-bound electron carriers. b.) Electrons are transferred to O2. c.) NADH is oxidized. d.) NAD+ is formed.
b.) electrons are transferred to O2
Which of the following fields of study and its example are not correctly matched? a. Immunology-study of vaccines b. Mycology-study of athlete's foot c. Parasitology-study of HIV d. Bacteriology-study of O157H7
c. Parasitology-study of HIV
Which of the following types of microorganism and its description are NOT correctly matched? a. Helminths - multicellular animals b. Fungi - eukaryotic c. Protozoa - small animals d. Bacteria - prokaryotic
c. Protozoa - small animals
The technique developed by Hans Christian Gram is important for bacterial a. isolation. b. etiology. c. identification. d. epidemiology. e. classification.
c. identification
Bacterial ________ are sites of metabolite storage. a. periplasm b. vacuoles c. inclusions d. nucleoids e. pili
c. inclusions
Which of the following processes occurs in eukaryotes but not prokaryotes?
capping
Some bacteria have an outer layer called a ________ which allows them to adhere to surfaces and contributes to their ability to cause disease. a. pilus b. capsule c. flagellum d. LPS e. cell wall
capsule
Enzymes known as lyases participate in ________ reactions. a. oxidation-reduction b. catabolic c. anabolic d. neither anabolic nor catabolic e. both anabolic and catabolic
catabolic
Some bacteria stain gram-positive and others stain gram-negative because of differences in the structure of their a. endospore b. cell wall c. capsule d. cell membrane
cell wall
Which of the following is a nonmembranous organelle found only in eukaryotic cells? a. centriole b. flagellum c. pilus d. ribosome e. cytoskeleton
centriole
Nitrobacter bacteria use carbon dioxide for their carbon source and nitrate ions as an energy source. This organism is a __________. a. photoautotroph b. chemoautotroph c. photoheterotroph d. chemoheterotroph
chemoautotroph
A ________ is used in industrial microbiology to produce microbial products that are only synthesized during log phase growth. a. Coulter counter b. broth culture c. pour plate d. chemostat e. spectrophotometer
chemostat
Short, hairlike structures used only by eukaryotic cells for movement are called a. fimbriae. b. flagella. c. cilia. d. pili. e. pseudopodia.
cilia
Which of the following is characteristic of prokaryotic genomes but not eukaryotic genomes?
circular chromosomes
Which of the following compounds is NOT an enzyme? a. β-galactosidase b. dehydrogenase c. coenzyme A d. cellulase e. sucrase
coenzyme A
The bacterial ________ maintains the DNA in a specific location and facilitates the process of bacterial cell division. a. cytoskeleton b. inclusion c. pilus d. nucleoid e. fimbriae
cytoskeleton
Which of the following processes are beneficial activities of microorganisms? a. decomposing sewage b. recycling elements in the environment c. producing foods d. all are correct
d. all are correct
An exposure to ________ protects against infections with smallpox. a. normal microbiota b. chemotherapy c. bacteria d. cowpox
d. cowpox
Pasteurization was first developed to kill ______ in wine. a. all bacteria b. antibiotic producing bacteria c. disease causing bacteria d. spoilage bacteria
d. spoilage bacteria
Parasitic worms, even meters-long tapeworms are studied in microbiology because a. no one else wants to study them. b. they are parasites. c. the Gram stain can be used to identify them. d. diagnosis usually involves microscopic examination of patient samples. e. Leeuwenhoek first discovered them.
diagnosis usually involves microscopic examination of patient samples
Blood agar plates are an example of ________ medium. a. transport b. reducing c. differential d. defined e. selective
differential
Blood agar used to observe hemolysis or clearing around Streptococcus pyogenes colonies is an example of a(n) __________. a. selective media b. reducing media c. differential medium d. enrichment media
differential medium
Lipid-soluble molecules would be expected to cross the cytoplasmic membrane by which of the following processes? a. facilitated diffusion b. diffusion c. group translocation d. osmosis e. active transport
diffusion
Endospores survive a variety of harsh conditions in part because of the presence of a. glycoproteins. b. hopanoids. c. dipicolinic acid. d. lipopolysaccharide. e. mycolic acid.
dipicolinic acid
Which of the following is a characteristic shared by DNA and RNA polymerases?
direction of polymerization
Which of the following statements concerning osmosis is FALSE? a. Crenation results when blood cells are placed in a hypertonic solution. b. Osmosis stops when the system reaches equilibrium. c. Cells placed in hypotonic solutions will gain water. d. During osmosis, water crosses to the side of the membrane with a lower solute concentration. e. Osmosis requires a selectively permeable membrane.
during osmosis, water crosses to the side of the membrane with a lower solute concentration.
A coenzyme assists an enzyme by accepting or donating matter. What does NAD+ transfer? a. electrons b. acetyl CoA c. phosphate groups d. ATP
electrons
Substrate-level phosphorylation occurs during which of the following stage(s) of glucose catabolism? a. energy-conservation stage of glycolysis b. lysis stage of glycolysis c. formation of acetyl-CoA and the d. Krebs cycle e. formation of acetyl-CoA Krebs cycle
energy-conservation stage of glycolysis
A fastidious organism might be grown on which of the following types of media? a. selective media b. differential media c. enriched media d. reducing media e. transport media
enriched media
Although glycolysis requires an input of ATP, this pathway results in a net gain of two ATP; therefore it is a(n) ________ pathway. a. exergonic b. reductive c. endergonic d. oxidative e. neither exergonic nor endergonic
exergonic
Louis Pasteur demonstrated that fermentation to produce alcohol is caused by a. facultative anaerobes. b. prokaryotes. c. archaea. d. aerobes. e. obligate parasites.
facultative anaerobes
If ATP accumulates in a cell, a. the cell receives a signal that there is a need for more energy. b. feedback inhibition slows down cellular respiration. c. feedback inhibition speeds up cellular respiration. d. the rate of cellular respiration does not change.
feedback inhibition slows down cellular respiration
Proteins that distinguish among serovars of gram-negative bacteria are found in which structures? a. axial filaments b. pili c. flagella d. fimbrae
flagella
Which of the following metabolic pathways is common in aerobic and anaerobic metabolism? a. the citric acid cycle b. glycolysis c. electron transport chain d. oxidative phosphorylation
glycolysis
During which of the following phases of cellular respiration does substrate-level phosphorylation take place? a. glycolysis and the citric acid cycle b. the citric acid cycle c. oxidative phosphorylation d. glycolysis
glycolysis and the citric acid cycle
Which of the following options lists the stages in cellular respiration in the correct order? a. glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, and the citric acid cycle b. oxidative phosphorylation, glycolysis, and the citric acid cycle c. the citric acid cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, and glycolysis d. glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation
glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation
Which of the following is found in both archaeal and eukaryotic genomes?
histonesd
At temperatures higher than the maximum growth temperature for an organism a. membranes become too fluid for proper function. b. hydrogen bonds within molecules are broken. c. hydrogen bonds are broken and proteins are permanently denatured. d. proteins are permanently denatured. e. hydrogen bonds are broken, proteins are denatured, and membranes become too fluid.
hydrogen bonds are broken, proteins are denatured, and membranes become too fluid
Obligate anaerobes may be cultured in the laboratory a. in a reducing medium. b. in standard Petri plates. c. on blood agar plates. d. in standard complex media. e. in a standard incubator.
in a reducing medium
The horizontal transfer process known as transduction
involves a virus
How would a noncompetitive inhibitor interfere with a reaction involving the enzyme shown in Figure 5.3?
it would bind to b.
All of the following are found in the cell walls of gram-positive bacteria EXCEPT __________. a. lipid A b. peptidoglycan c. teichoic acid d. lipoteichoic acid
lipid A
During which growth phase are bacteria more susceptible to antimicrobial drugs? a. The susceptibility is the same for all phases. b. death phase c. stationary phase d. log phase e. lag phase
log phase
Which of the following is involved in translation?
mRNA, rRNA, and tRNA are all involved
Bacteria growing in and on the human body, including normal microbiota as well as pathogens, are classified as __________. a. mesophilic and halophilic b. thermophilic and halophilic c. mesophilic and acidophilic d. thermophilic and acidophilic e. mesophilic and heterotrophic
mesophilic and heterotrophic
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of all living things? a. motility b. growth c. reproduction d. metabolism e. responsiveness
motility
Which of the following chemical substances contributes to the unique characteristics of acid-fast bacteria? a. endotoxin b. mycolic acid c. lipoteichoic acid d. peptidoglycan e. N-acetylglucosamine
mycolic acid
The ability of microbes to utilize N2 as a nitrogen source is called __________. a. nitrogen reduction b. nitrogen synthesis c. nitrogen oxidation d. nitrogen fixation
nitrogen fixation
An unknown organism grows at the top of a tube of thioglycolate broth. This organism is best described as a(n) __________ for its oxygen requirements. a. microaerophile b. obligate anaerobe c. obligate aerobe d. facultative anaerobe
obligate aerobe
A microbe that grows only at the bottom of a tube of thioglycolate medium is probably a(n) a. obligate anaerobe. b. facultative anaerobe. c. microaerophile. d. aerotolerant anaerobe. e. obligate aerobe.
obligate anaerobe
With a light microscope, which of the following would allow discrimination between eukaryotes and prokaryotes. a. observation of nuclei b. observation of ribosomes c. observation of the plasma membrane d. observation of flagella
observation of nuclei
Nitrogen is a growth-limiting nutrient for many organisms because a. It is necessary for the biosynthesis of amino acids. b. only a few microbes can extract it from the atmosphere, but all organisms require it for amino acid and nucleotide synthesis. c. only a small number of bacteria are able to extract it from the atmosphere. d. it is required for synthesis of nucleotides. e. it is required for lipid synthesis.
only a few microbes can extract it from the atmosphere, but all organisms require it for amino acid and nucleotide synthesis.
The use of salt and sugar in preserving various types of foods is an application of which of the following concepts? a. quorum sensing b. nitrogen fixation c. hydrostatic pressure d. osmotic pressure e. pH
osmotic pressure
NADH molecules formed during glycolysis and in the Krebs cycle are __________. a. oxidized when electrons are needed in anabolic pathways b. transported out of the cell during oxidative phosphorylation c. oxidized when electrons are passed to the electron transport chain d. oxidized when electrons are passed to NADP+
oxidized when electrons are passed to the electron transport chain
Which of the following is NOT necessary for respiration? a. cytochromes b. quinones c. oxygen d. flavoproteins e. a source of electrons
oxygen
Why is Penicillin selectively toxic to bacterial cell but harmless to humans a. Penicillin is rapidly metabolized and destroyed by human cells. b. Penicillin is inactive within lysosomes of human cells. c. Human cells actively transport Penicillin out of the cell d. Penicillin specifically weakens peptidoglycan which is found only in bacterial cells.
penicillin specifically weakens peptidoglycan which is found only in bacterial cells.
The term describing bacteria with flagella distributed over the entire surface of the cell is ____________. a. lophotrichous b. monotrichous c. amphytrichous d. peritrichous
peritrichous
A cell that uses an organic carbon source and obtains energy from light would be called a a. photoheterotroph. b. photoautotroph. c. lithoautotroph. d. chemoheterotroph. e. chemoautotroph.
photoheterotroph
Which of the following statements concerning conjugation pili is FALSE? a. A bacterial cell will usually have only one or two pili. b. Pili are long, hollow tubules. c. Pili facilitate the transfer of DNA among bacterial cells. d. Not all bacteria have pili. e. Pili are longer than fimbriae and flagella.
pili are longer than fimbriae and flagella.
The lac operon in Escherichia coli
prevents lactose-utilizing enzymes from being expressed when lactose is absent from the environment.
Bacteria that spoil food in the refrigerator are most likely __________. a. mesophiles b. psychrotrophs c. thermophiles d. hyperthermophiles
psychrotrophs
Semmelweis advocated hand washing as a method of preventing which of the following diseases? a. smallpox b. cholera c. puerperal fever d. anthrax e. syphilis
puerperal fever
Which of the following statements is accurate concerning glucose metabolism? a. Glucose is split in glycolysis and produces large amounts of ATP. b. Pyruvic acid, the product of glycolysis, is the starting block for both the Krebs cycle and fermentation. c. The electron transport chain is the final step for both fermentation and aerobic respiration. d. Fermentation produces large amounts of ATP.
pyruvic acid, the product of glycolysis, is the starting block for both the Kreb's cycle and fermentation
In the process of ________, microbes detect the presence and density of other microbes and modify their metabolic activity in response. a. quorum sensing b. antagonism c. synergy d. symbiosis e. mutualism
quorum sensing
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of both DNA and RNA polymerases? a. energy is provided by pyrophosphate b. requirement for a primer c. hydrogen bonding of complementary nucleotides d. directionality of synthesis e. requirement for an initiation signal
requirement for a primer
Gram-negative cells contains a periplasmic space that is ____________. a. a site of endocytosis b. abundant in teichouc acid c. the site of protein synthesis d. rich in degradative enzyme
rich in degradative enzyme
Salt agar tends to inhibit the growth of most organisms, except Staphylococci. This is an example of a(n) __________ medium. a. selective b. all-purpose c. differential d. enriched
selective
Consider a gram positive cell in a hypertonic medium. If the peptidoglycan were damaged , the cell would _______. a. shrink and then swell b. swell c. remain the same d. shrink
shrink
The carotenoid pigments of some phototrophs interact with ________ to reduce its toxicity. a. superoxide radical (O2-) b. peroxide anion (O22-) c. molecular oxygen (O2) d. singlet oxygen (1O2) e. hydroxyl radical (HO-)
singlet oxygen
Before bacteria can be identified, mixed cultures must be separated. What technique is used to separate bacteria and get individual colonies? a. enriched media b. selective agar c. streak plate d. differential media
streak plate
Spherical bacteria that divide and remained attached in chainlike patterns are called __________. a. tetrads b. streptococci c. staphylococci d. spirorocetes
streptococci
Both transcription and DNA replication involve __________.
synthesis using a DNA template
Paul Ehrlich used chemotherapy to treat a. syphilis. b. anthrax. c. smallpox. d. cancer. e. cholera.
syphilis
What is quorum sensing? a. the ability of bacteria in a biofilm to use inorganic nitrogen sources b. the ability of bacteria in a biofilm to communicate with each other and coordinate their activities c. the ability of bacteria in a biofilm to grow on selective media d. the ability of bacteria in a biofilm to sense O2
the ability of bacteria in a biofilm to communicate with each other and coordinate their activities
A drug is tested in the laboratory and is found to create holes in both mitochondrial membranes. Scientists suspect that the drug will be harmful to human cells because it will inhibit a. the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation. b. oxidative phosphorylation. c. glycolysis. d. the citric acid cycle.
the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation
Which of the following contribute to the successful application of Koch's postulates? a. the development of techniques for sterile transfer of bacteria b. the development of the compound microscope c. the development of simple bacterial staining techniques d. the ability to record the appearance of bacteria photographically e. the theory of abiogenesis
the development of techniques for sterile transfer of bacteria
The complete oxidation (catabolism) of glucose typically involves three stages. The greatest number of ATPs is produced in which stage? a. glycolysis b. the electron transport chain c. Krebs cycle d. photosynthesis
the electron transport chain
A clinical sample labeled as "sputum" was collected from a. the lungs. b. the central nervous system. c. the skin. d. a piece of tissue. e. the blood.
the lungs
Louis Pasteur's experiments disproving spontaneous generation were different from John Needham's in which important way? a. The necks of Pasteur's flasks were bent into an S-shape and then melted to seal them. b. The necks of the flasks Pasteur used were bent into an S-shape and left open to the air. c. Pasteur boiled infusions to kill any microbes present. d. The flasks Pasteur used were sealed with corks. e. Pasteur used meat broths instead of infusions.
the necks of the flasks Pasteur used were bent into an S-shape and left open to the air
Lipid A is a component of a. plant cell walls. b. bacterial glycocalyces. c. cytoplasmic membranes. d. Gram-positive bacterial membranes. e. the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria.
the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria
If you knew the sequence of nucleotides within a gene, which one of the following could you determine with the most accuracy? a. the primary structure of the protein b. the tertiary structure of the protein c. the quaternary structure of the protein d. The answer cannot be determined based on the information provided. e. the secondary structure of the protein
the primary structure of the protein
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of viruses? a. they are obligatory parasites. b. they are typically smaller than prokaryotic cells. c. they are visible with a light microscope. d. they are acellular. e. they are composed of genetic material and protein.
they are visible with a light microscope
Rotenone is a poison commonly added to insecticides. Rotenone binds tightly with one of the electron carrier molecules in the electron transport chain, preventing electrons from passing to the next carrier molecule. Insects exposed to rotenone will die because a. they will no longer be able to produce adequate amounts of ATP. b. they will no longer be able to absorb water and will become dehydrated. c. high levels of fermentation products will build up in their bodies. d. they will no longer be able to perform anaerobic respiration.
they will no longer be able to produce adequate amounts of ATP
Chloroplasts differ from mitochondria in that the former have a. two lipid bilayers. b. thylakoids. c. 70S ribosomes. d. cristae. e. DNA.
thylakoids
Genetic elements known as promoters are initiation points in the process of
transcription
In prokaryotic cell, all of the following are functions of either fimbrae or pili EXCEPT a. formation of biofilms b. attachment to a surface c. protection from phagocytosis d. transfer of DNA
transfer of DNA
The glycocalyx of a eukaryotic cell performs all of the following functions EXCEPT a. protection against dehydration. b. cellular recognition and communication. c. strengthening the cell surface. d. transfer of genetic material e. between cells. anchoring cells to each other.
transfer of genetic material between cells
Which of the following is NOT a component of bacterial flagella? a. tubulin b. hook c. flagellin d. filament e. basal body
tubulin
Which of the following is NOT a method used for the direct measurement of microbial growth? a. the most probable number (MPN) method b. serial dilutions c. turbidity d. filtration
turbidity
Which of the following is an indirect method for estimating the number of microbes in a sample? a. viable plate counts b. membrane filtration c. turbidity d. Coulter counter e. MPN
turbidity
Protein synthesis in eukaryotes is similar to the process in prokaryotes in that both eukaryotes and prokaryotes
use codons to determine polypeptide sequences
The first true vaccine protected against disease caused by a(n) ________ pathogen. a. viral b. bacterial c. archaeal d. fungal e. protozoal
viral
Which of the following types of microbe was NOT observed by Leeuwenhoek? a. alga b. fungus c. protozoan d. prokaryote e. virus
virus
Which of the following statements is true of bacterial plasmids?
They are small circular DNA molecules that can replicate autonomously.
All of the following are required for the generation of ATP by chemiosmosis EXCEPT __________. a. active transport of protons across a phospholipid membrane b. conversion of pyruvic acid to lactic acid c. passage of electrons through electron carrier chains d. use of proton flow by ATP synthase
conversion of pyruvic acid to lactic acid
Which of the following statements about fungi is FALSE? a. molds are multicellular. b. fungi are eukaryotes. c. yeasts are unicellular. d. Fungi have a cell wall. e. fungi are photosynthetic.
fungi are photosynthetic
The ________ of a population is the time it takes for the cells to double in number. a. binary fission b. exponential growth c. arithmetic growth d. log phase e. generation time
generation time
Which of the following areas of investigation is considered a major driver of modern microbiology? a. industrial microbiology b. food preparation c. genetics d. the etiology of infectious disease e. microbial classification
genetics
The conversion of amino acids to carbohydrates is an example of a. substrate-level phosphorylation. b. amination. c. electron transport. d. beta-oxidation. e. gluconeogenesis.
gluconeogenesis
Codons are recognized during
translation
During chemiosmosis, a. ATP is synthesized when H+ ions move through a channel in ATP synthase. b. energy is released as H+ ions move freely across mitochondrial membranes. c. a concentration gradient is generated when large numbers of d. H+ ions are passively transported from the matrix of the mitochondrion to the mitochondrion's intermembrane space. e. H+ ions serve as the final electron acceptor.
ATP is synthesized when H+ ions move through a channel in ATP synthase.
Which of the following is both a codon for an amino acid and a start signal?
AUG
Which of the following are prokaryotes? a. archaea b. protozoa c. molds d. algae e. worms
Archaea
Whose search for chemicals that would kill microbes without harming humans was the foundation for chemotherapy? a. Pasteur b. Ehrlich c. Lister d. Gram e. Koch
Ehrlich
Which of the following individuals pioneered the use of chemicals to reduce the incidence of infections during surgery? a. Lister b. Semmelweis c. Snow d. Nightingale e. Ehrlich
Lister
Which of the following statements concerning cellular metabolism is FALSE? a. The goal of metabolism is reproduction of the organism. b. Energy obtained from nutrients or light is stored in the bonds of ATP. c. Macromolecules are converted into cell structures via catabolism. d. ATP is used in the formation of macromolecules. e. Enzymes are used in both catabolic and anabolic reactions.
Macromolecules are converted into cell structures via catabolism.
Which of the following scientists provided evidence in favor of the concept of spontaneous generation? a. Needham b. Buchner c. Pasteur d. Redi e. Spallanzani
Needham
An enzyme that copies DNA to make a molecule of RNA is
RNA polymerase
Which of the following pairs is mismatched? a. DNA gyrase — coils and twists DNA b. DNA ligase — joins segments of DNA c. transposase — insertion of DNA segments into DNA d. RNA polymerase — makes a molecule of RNA from an RNA template e. DNA polymerase — makes a molecule of DNA from a DNA template
RNA polymerase — makes a molecule of RNA from an RNA template
Pure cultures are often obtained by isolating a. streaks. b. inoculums. c. broths. d. specimens. e. CFUs (colony forming units).
CFUs (colony forming units)
The work of ________ lead to improvements in sewage control and other public hygiene measures. a. John Snow b. Joseph Lister c. Florence Nightingale d. Lazzaro Spallanzani e. Ignaz Semmelweis
John Snow
Which of the following terms are mismatched? a. Psychrophiles; 0°C b. Hyperthermophiles; 0°C c. Acidophiles; low pH d. Extreme thermophiles; 100°C
Hyperthermophiles; 0°C
The events of binary fission are I. the cell doubles in size II. the DNA is replicated III. the cell forms a septum IV. the cell separates from its offspring The CORRECT order of these events is
II, I, III, IV
What is the CORRECT order for the application of Koch's postulates? I. Inoculate suspect agent into test subject and observe that subject develops disease of interest. II. Isolate and culture suspect agent in the laboratory. III. Find suspect agent is every case of disease of interest but not in healthy hosts. IV. Recover and isolate suspect agent from test subject.
III, II, I, IV
Which of the following statements regarding the movement of electrons during cellular respiration is true? a. O2 is reduced when it accepts electrons and forms water. b. Electrons tend to move away from O2. c. The electrons release large amounts of energy each time they are transferred from one molecule to another. d. O2 is eventually oxidized by the electrons to form water.
O2 is reduced when it accepts electrons and forms water.
Which of the following is the best definition of oxidative phosphorylation? a. Electrons are passed through a series of carriers to O2. b. Electrons are passed through a series of carriers to an organic compound. c. A proton gradient allows hydrogen ions to flow back into the cells through transmembrane protein channels, releasing energy that is used to generate ATP. d. ATP is directly transferred from a substrate to ADP.
a proton gradient allows hydrogen ions to flow back into the cells through transmembrane protein channels, releasing energy that is used to generate ATP.
Which of the following are correctly matched? a. Flemings-antimicrobials b. Pasteur-antisepsis c. Ehrlich-vaccination d. Koch-microscopy
a. Flemings-antimicrobials
All of the following are eukaryotes EXCEPT: a. bacteria b. helminths c. algae d. fungi
a. bacteria
When fermentation tests are used to help identify bacteria, which of the following end-products is typically detected by a color change? a. acid b. NADP c. O2 d. gas
acid
In yeast cells, a. lactic acid is produced during glycolysis. b. alcohol is produced during the citric acid cycle. c. lactic acid is produced during anaerobic respiration. d. alcohol is produced after glycolysis.
alcohol is produced after glycolysis
Which of the following types of plasmids allows a bacterial cell to kill its competitors?
bacteriocin plasmids
ATP is expended in which of the following processes? a. both active transport and group b. translocation c. group translocation d. active transport e. facilitated diffusion diffusion
both active transport and group translocation
Which of the following bacterial cell structures plays an important role in the creation of biofilms? a. glycocalyces b. pili c. both fimbriae and glycocalyces d. flagella e. fimbriae
both fimbriae and glycocalyces
Which of the following contribute to the ability of archaea to survive in extreme environments? a. glycerols b. branched hydrocarbons with ether linkages c. hopanoids d. phospholipids with monounsaturated fatty acids e. both hopanoids and glycerols
branched hydrocarbons with ether linkages