MicroBiology Exam 3 (chapters 13-17)

T/F A subclinical infection is one that is acquired in a hospital or medical facility.

F: A nosocomial infection is one that is acquired in a hospital or medical facility.

T/F A positive tuberculin skin test is an example of antibody-mediated inflammation.

F: A positive tuberculin skin test is an example of delayed hyper- sensitivity.

T/F Antibodies are secreted by monocytes.

F: Antibodies are secreted by plasma cells.

T/F Contact dermatitis can be caused by proteins found in foods.

F: Contact dermatitis can be caused by chemicals absorbed through the skin

T/F IgE antibodies are found in body secretions.

F: IgA antibodies are found in body secretions.

T/F: All microorganisms that grow from a clinical sample should be considered significant.

F: Microorganisms that are grown from clinical samples should be evaluated to determine their clinical significance.

T/F Pyogenic bacteria are commonly associated with fever.

F: Pyrogenic bacteria are commonly associated with fever.

T/F The general term that describes an increase in the number of white blood cells in leukopenia,

F: The general term that describes a decrease in number of white blood cells is leukopenia.

T/F The immune system uses DNA content to distinguish self from non self.

F: The immune system uses markers on the surface of cells to distinguish self from non self.

T/F The liquid component of clotted blood is called plasma.

F: The liquid component of unclothed blood is called plasma.

T/F The process of reducing the virulence of microbes so that they can be used in vaccines is called denaturation.

F: The process of reducing the virulence of microbes so they can be used in vaccines is called attenuation.

T/F: Complement fixation is an example of an in vivo serological test.

F: The tuberculin skin test is an example of an invivo serological test

T/F Vaccination could be described as artificial passive immunity

F: Vaccination is artificial active immunity

T/F The presence of a few bacteria in the blood is called septicemia.

F:The presence of a few bacteria in the blood is called bacteremia.

T/F Antibody-mediated degranulation of mast cells is involved in anaphylaxis.

True

T/F Cell surface markers are also often called receptors.

True

T/F Communication between cells of the immune system is accomplished using chemical signals.

True

T/F Lysozyme is an enzyme found in tears and saliva that hydrolyzes peptidoglycan in bacterial cell walls.

True

T/F Rejection of transplanted tissue is dependent on MHC/HLA markers.

True

T/F Resident microbiota is commonly found in the urethra.

True

T/F The index case is the first case found in an epidemiological investigation.

True

T/F) T cells are associated with type 4 allergies.

True

T/F: A PNA FISH test utilizes both fluorescence and nucleic acids.

True

T/F: Biochemical identification methods are based on a microbe's utilization of nutrients.

True

T/F: DNA probes are used to search for complementary segments of DNA.

True

The primary B-cell receptor is a) IgD b) IgA c) IgE d) IgG

a) IgD

Direct immunofluorescence test use a labeled antibody to identify a) an unknown microbe b) an unknown antibody c) fixed complement d) agglutinated antigens

a) an unknown microbe

Which of the following is an antimicrobial protein that has a much greater role in the third line of defense than in the second line of defense? a)antibody b)complement c)protegrin d)interferon

a) antibody

The best descriptive term for the resident biota is a) commensals b) parasites c) pathogens d) mutualists

a) commensals

A patient with a ___ titer of antibodies to an infectious agent generally has greater protection than a patient with a ____ titer. a) high, low b) low,high c) negative, positive d) old, new

a) high, low

An outbreak caused by a batch of bad potato sale at a picnic is a _____ outbreak a) point-source b) common- source c) propagated d) all of the above

a) point-source

Small, simple molecules are ____ antigens. a)poor b)never c)good d) heterophilic

a) poor

The most likely interpretation of the isolation of 50 colonies of Streptococcus pneumonia is a) probable infection b) normal biota c) contamination

a) probable infection

An example of a type 3 immune complex disease is a) serum sickness b) contact dermatitis c) graft rejection d) atopy

a) serum sickness

A positive antibody test for HIV would be a ______ of infection a) sign b) symptom c) syndrome d) sequela

a) sign

T^c cells are important in controlling a) virus infections b) allergy c) autoimmunity d) all of these

a) virus infections

Theoretically, type ___ blood can be donated to all persons because it lacks ____. a) AB, antibodies b) O, antigens c) AB, antigens d) O, antibodies

b) O, antigens

What is included in GALT? a)thymus b) Peyer's patches c) tonsils d) breast lymph nodes

b) Peyer's patches

Which nonspecific host defense is associated with the trachea a) lacrimation b) ciliary lining c) desquamation d) lactic acid

b) ciliary lining

Resident biota is absent from the a) pharynx b) heart c) intestine d) hair follicles

b) heart

An example of a nonspecific chemical barrier to infection is a) unbroken skin b) lysozyme in saliva c) cilia in respiratory tract d) all of these

b) lysozyme in saliva

The most likely interpretation of the isolation of 80 colonies of various streptococci on a culture from a throat swab is a) probable infection b) normal biota c) contamination

b) normal biota

The most likely interpretation of the isolation of two colonies of E.coli on a plate streaked from a urine sample is a) probable infection b) normal biota c) contamination

b) normal biota

A short period early in a disease that may manifest both general malaise and achiness is the a) period of incubation b) prodrome c) sequela d) period of invasion

b) prodrome

Which of the following is not a lymphoid tissue? a) spleen b) thyroid gland c) lymph nodes d) GALT

b) thyroid gland

In agglutination reactions, the antigen is a ____; in precipitation reactions, it is a _____. a) soluble molecule, whole cell b) whole cell, soluble molecule c) bacterium, virus d) protein, carbohydrate

b) whole cell, soluble molecule

Which of the following methods can identify different strains of a microbe? a) microscopic examination b) radioimmunoassay c) DNA typing d) agglutination test

c) DNA typing

The cross-linkage of antigens by antibodies is known as a) opsonization b) a cross-reaction c) agglutination d) complement fixation

c) agglutination

Monocytes are____ leukocytes that develop into _____. a) granular, phagocytes b) agranular, mast cells c)agranular, macrophages d)granular, T cells

c) agranular, macrophages

The direct, immediate cause of allergic symptoms is the action of a) the allergen directly on smooth muscle b) the allergen on B lymphocytes c) allergic mediators released from mast cells and basophils d) IgE on smooth muscle

c) allergic mediators released from mast cells and basophils

In humans, B cells mature in the ____ and T cells mature in the ______. a)GALT, liver b)bursa,thymus c)bone marrow,thymus d)lymph nodes, spleen

c) bone marrow, thymus

The most likely interpretation of colonies of black bread mold on selective media used to isolate bacteria from stool is a) probable infection b) normal biota c) contamination

c) contamination

The specific action of hemolysins is to a) damage white blood cells b) cause fever c) damage red blood cells d) cause leukocytosis

c) damage red blood cells

T ____ cells assist in the functions of certain B cells & other T cells. a) sensitized b) cytotoxic c) helper d) natural killer

c) helper

Which reaction requires complement? a) hemagglutination b) precipitation c) hemolysis d) toxin neutralization

c) hemolysis

A/an ____ is a passive animal transporter of pathogens a) zoonosis b) biological vector c) mechanical vector d) asymptomatic carrier

c) mechanical vector

Which of the following is the end product of the complement system? a) properdin b) cascade reaction c) membrane attack complex d) complement factor C9

c) membrane attack complex

The contact with allergen that results in symptoms is called the a) sensitizing dose b) degranulation dose c) provocative dose d) desensitizing dose

c) provocative dose

A vaccine that contains parts of viruses is called a) acellular b) recombinant c) subunit d) attenuated

c) subunit

Which disease would be most similar to AIDS in its pathology? a) X-linked aggammaglobulinemia b) SCID c) ADA deficiency d) DiGerorge syndrome

d) DiGeorge syndrome

Production of autoantibodies may be due to a) emergence of forbidden clones of B cells b) production of antibodies against sequestered tissues c) infection-indcued change in receptors d) all of these are possible

d) all are possible (emergence of forbidden clones of B cells, production of antibodies against sequestered tissues, infection-indcued change in receptors)

Virulence factors include a) toxins b) enzymes c) capsules d) all of the above

d) all of the above (toxins, enzymes & capsules)

Rheumatoid arthritis is an ____ that affects the ____. a) immunodeficiency disease, muscles b) autoimmune disease, nerves c) allergy, cartilage d) autoimmune disease, joints

d) autoimmune disease, joints

B cells are responsible for which allergies? a) asthma b) anaphylaxis c) tuberculin reactions d) both a & b

d) both a & b (asthma & anaphylaxis)

The Western blot test can be used to identify a) unknown antibodies b) unknown antigens c) specific DNA d) both a & b

d) both a & b (unknown antibodies, unknown antigens)

Which of the following substances is not produced by phagocytes to destroy engulfed microorganisms? a)hydroxyl radicals b)superoxide anion c)hydrogen peroxide d)bradykinin

d) bradykinin

Type 2 hypersensitivities are due to a) IgE reacting with mast cells b) activation of cytotoxic T cells c) IgG-allergen complexes that clog epithelial tissues d) complement-induced lysis of cells in the presence of antibodies

d) complement-induced lysis of cells in the presence of antibodies

An example of an exogenous pyrogen is a) interleukin-1 b) complement c) interferon d) endotoxin

d) endotoxin

Conjugated vaccines combine antigens and a) antibodies b) adjuvants c) epitopes d) foreign proteins

d) foreign proteins

Widespread immunity that protects the population from the spread of disease is called a) seropositivity b) cross-reactivity c) epidemic prophylaxis d) herd immunity

d) herd immunity

Pollen is which type of allergen? a) contactant b) ingestant c) injectant d) inhalant

d) inhalant

Which of the following blood cells function primarily as phagocytes? a) eosinophils b) basophils c) lymphocytes d) neutrophils

d) neutrophils

The ____ is the time that lapses between encounter with a pathogen and the first symptoms. a) prodrome b) period of invasion c) period of convalescence d) period of incubation

d) period of incubation

An example of a noncommunicable infection is a) measles b) leprosy c) tuberculosis d) tetanus

d) tetanus

Which of the following can serve as antigen-presenting cells? (APCs) a)T cells b) B cells c) macrophages d)dendritic cells e) b,c,d

e) B cells, macrophages, dendritic cells