Microbiology JCC Chapter 3

After Gram's Iodine is added, what color do the cells appear under a light microscope?

All cells appear purple

Caused by Protozoa

Amoebiasis, Giardiasis, Malaria

All of the Groups on this list contain eukaryotic microorganisms

Algae, Protozoa, Helminths, Fungi

Rod- Shaped bacteria.

Can either be gram-positive or gram-negative.

Characteristics exhibited by all bacteria.

Chromosome, Ribosomes, cell Membrane

Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

Chromosomes, Ribosomes, Cell Wall, Flagella

Chromosomes

Composed of DNA, the genetic information of the cell

Caused by Fungi

Cryptococcosis, Histoplasmosis, Candidiasis

Bacterial cells could have any of the following appendages except

cilia

During unfavorable growth conditions, many protozoa can convert to a resistant, dormant stage called a/an

cyst

The endosymbiotic theory has been developed to explain the emergence of

eukaryotes

Which of the following does not pertain to helminths?

in the kingdom Protista

All of the following structures contribute to the ability of pathogenic bacteria to cause disease except the

inclusions

Nucleolus

Dense granular mass which is the site of ribosomal RNA synthesis and ribosomal subunit assembly

What general type of stain is used to separate types of bacteria based on their cellular structures?

Differential

Nuclear Envelope

Double membrane with pores

The eukaryotic cell organelle that most resembles a bacterial cell is the

mitochondrion

The eukaryotic cell's glycocalyx is

mostly polysaccharide

The term used to describe a cluster of circular bacteria is

staphylococcus

Structures that are found in a Gram- positive cell envelope.

thick layer of peptidolycan, cell membrane, teichoic acids, lipoteichoic acids

True or False: All bacteria can be classified as either gram-positive or gram-negative

False

True or False: Bacteria are larger than human cells

False

True or False: Bacteria are only visible with an electron microscope.

False

True or False: The presence of flagella can be determined by a Gram stain

False

True or False: The thinner peptidoglycan layer of gram- positive bacteria allows the crystal- violet- iodine complex to leave the cell.

False

Place the images in the correct order to assess you knowledge of the Gram Stain procedure.

1. Both cell walls affix the dye. 2. Dye complex trapped in the wall, No effect of iodine. 3. Crystals remain in cell wall, Outer membrane weakened; wall loses dye 4. Red dye masked by violet, Red dye stains the colorless cell.

Sporangiospores

Reproductive spores produced within sac-like structures

Caused by Helminths

Ascariasis, River Blindness

The differential stage of the Gram stain is the application of _____.

Ethanol

Which structures are used by protozoans for motility?

Flagella, Cilia, Pseudopods

Structures that are possessed by some, but not all bacteria.

Flagella, Endospores, Pili, Fimbriae, Glycocalyx

Conidia

Free spores not enclosed within a spore-bearing sac

Select all the organisms which typically have cell walls

Fungi, Algae, Plants

Gram-Negative organisms

Have a more complex cell envelope with a greater variation in chemical composition.

Hyphae

Long thread- like cells

A ______ originates from the golgi apparatus as one type of vesicle that contains a variety of enzymes for intracellular digestion

Lysosome

If the Gram's iodine step was skipped in this technique, what would likely be seen under the microscope?

Most cells would appear red/pink

Helminth

Multicellular animals

Filamentous Fungi

Multicellular, cell walls of chitin, absorb nutrients, produce hyphae

Prokaryotes and eukaryotes and Viruses

Nucleic Acids

Why must fresh cells be used when performing a Gram stain?

Old cells may not Gram Stain properly

Structures that are found in a gram- negative cell envelope.

Outer membrane, periplasmic space, cell membrane, lipopolysccharide, thin layer of peptidoglycan

Yeast

Oval cells that reproduce by budding

Select characteritics exhibited by BOTH prokaryotic and eukaryotic cytoplasmic membranes

Phospholipid bilayer, embedded proteins, selectivetly permeable barrier, transport systems

Sexual Spores

Produced by the union of genetic material from two different strains

When ethanol is applied correctly, gram- positive cells appear____ and gram- negative cells appear _____.

Purple; Colorless

Eukaryotes

True Nucleus, Reproduction by mitosis, Mitochondria, Chloroplasts, Typically 2-100 um in size

Prokaryotes

Typically 0.5-3 um in size

Viruses

Typically less than 0.2 um in size

Algae

Unicellular or multicellular photosynthetic protists

Yeast

Unicellular, cell walls of chitin

Protozoa

Unicellular, heterotrophic protists

Items that would be found in bacterical cytoplasm

Water, Ribosomes, Plasmids, Bacterial Chromosome, Bacterial Endospores, Inclusion bodies, enzymes

Mycelium

Woven intertwining mass of hyphae

Asexual Spores

produced by the mitotic division of a single parent cell