Microbiology JCC Chapter 3
After Gram's Iodine is added, what color do the cells appear under a light microscope?
All cells appear purple
Caused by Protozoa
Amoebiasis, Giardiasis, Malaria
All of the Groups on this list contain eukaryotic microorganisms
Algae, Protozoa, Helminths, Fungi
Rod- Shaped bacteria.
Can either be gram-positive or gram-negative.
Characteristics exhibited by all bacteria.
Chromosome, Ribosomes, cell Membrane
Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
Chromosomes, Ribosomes, Cell Wall, Flagella
Chromosomes
Composed of DNA, the genetic information of the cell
Caused by Fungi
Cryptococcosis, Histoplasmosis, Candidiasis
Bacterial cells could have any of the following appendages except
cilia
During unfavorable growth conditions, many protozoa can convert to a resistant, dormant stage called a/an
cyst
The endosymbiotic theory has been developed to explain the emergence of
eukaryotes
Which of the following does not pertain to helminths?
in the kingdom Protista
All of the following structures contribute to the ability of pathogenic bacteria to cause disease except the
inclusions
Nucleolus
Dense granular mass which is the site of ribosomal RNA synthesis and ribosomal subunit assembly
What general type of stain is used to separate types of bacteria based on their cellular structures?
Differential
Nuclear Envelope
Double membrane with pores
The eukaryotic cell organelle that most resembles a bacterial cell is the
mitochondrion
The eukaryotic cell's glycocalyx is
mostly polysaccharide
The term used to describe a cluster of circular bacteria is
staphylococcus
Structures that are found in a Gram- positive cell envelope.
thick layer of peptidolycan, cell membrane, teichoic acids, lipoteichoic acids
True or False: All bacteria can be classified as either gram-positive or gram-negative
False
True or False: Bacteria are larger than human cells
False
True or False: Bacteria are only visible with an electron microscope.
False
True or False: The presence of flagella can be determined by a Gram stain
False
True or False: The thinner peptidoglycan layer of gram- positive bacteria allows the crystal- violet- iodine complex to leave the cell.
False
Place the images in the correct order to assess you knowledge of the Gram Stain procedure.
1. Both cell walls affix the dye. 2. Dye complex trapped in the wall, No effect of iodine. 3. Crystals remain in cell wall, Outer membrane weakened; wall loses dye 4. Red dye masked by violet, Red dye stains the colorless cell.
Sporangiospores
Reproductive spores produced within sac-like structures
Caused by Helminths
Ascariasis, River Blindness
The differential stage of the Gram stain is the application of _____.
Ethanol
Which structures are used by protozoans for motility?
Flagella, Cilia, Pseudopods
Structures that are possessed by some, but not all bacteria.
Flagella, Endospores, Pili, Fimbriae, Glycocalyx
Conidia
Free spores not enclosed within a spore-bearing sac
Select all the organisms which typically have cell walls
Fungi, Algae, Plants
Gram-Negative organisms
Have a more complex cell envelope with a greater variation in chemical composition.
Hyphae
Long thread- like cells
A ______ originates from the golgi apparatus as one type of vesicle that contains a variety of enzymes for intracellular digestion
Lysosome
If the Gram's iodine step was skipped in this technique, what would likely be seen under the microscope?
Most cells would appear red/pink
Helminth
Multicellular animals
Filamentous Fungi
Multicellular, cell walls of chitin, absorb nutrients, produce hyphae
Prokaryotes and eukaryotes and Viruses
Nucleic Acids
Why must fresh cells be used when performing a Gram stain?
Old cells may not Gram Stain properly
Structures that are found in a gram- negative cell envelope.
Outer membrane, periplasmic space, cell membrane, lipopolysccharide, thin layer of peptidoglycan
Yeast
Oval cells that reproduce by budding
Select characteritics exhibited by BOTH prokaryotic and eukaryotic cytoplasmic membranes
Phospholipid bilayer, embedded proteins, selectivetly permeable barrier, transport systems
Sexual Spores
Produced by the union of genetic material from two different strains
When ethanol is applied correctly, gram- positive cells appear____ and gram- negative cells appear _____.
Purple; Colorless
Eukaryotes
True Nucleus, Reproduction by mitosis, Mitochondria, Chloroplasts, Typically 2-100 um in size
Prokaryotes
Typically 0.5-3 um in size
Viruses
Typically less than 0.2 um in size
Algae
Unicellular or multicellular photosynthetic protists
Yeast
Unicellular, cell walls of chitin
Protozoa
Unicellular, heterotrophic protists
Items that would be found in bacterical cytoplasm
Water, Ribosomes, Plasmids, Bacterial Chromosome, Bacterial Endospores, Inclusion bodies, enzymes
Mycelium
Woven intertwining mass of hyphae
Asexual Spores
produced by the mitotic division of a single parent cell