Microbiology Test One (Chapters 1, 3, 4, 5)
penicillin
is the most studied group of antibiotics that prevent the cross-linking of a adjacent glycan chains in peptidoglycan
Spontaneous generation
life arises from non-living matter
flagella
long protein structures responsible for most types of prokaryotic motility are called
yogurt, beer, cheese
microbial fermentation
Microorganisms
organisms that can convert N2(nitrogen-fixation) into a form other organisms can use to make proteins and nucleic acids include
Cheaper, multiply quickly, same metabolic mechanisms, DNA is duplicated
reasons microbes are useful in the study of higher-life forms
Normal Microbiota
Organisms that populate the human body and which protect it from disease are termed
infectious proteins
Prions are
the normal version of the protein to also misfold
Prions are misfolded proteins that cause
Viruses
Unlike the term microorganism, the word microbe also includes
True or false
Viruses are smaller than most bacteria
Cell wall
Which cell structure provides strength and rigidity to a cell?
emerging diseases
Which diseases are due to organisms "jumping" from a natural animal host to using humans as a host?
true or false
Without microorganisms we would run out of certain nutrients
capsule
a distinct and gelatinous layer on the outside of the cell. most are composed of polysaccarides but some are made of polypeotides
cytoplasmic membrane
acts as cell's gatekeeper, determining what can enter and exit
Chloroplasts
all algae have ______, which contain chlorophyll(a green pigment)
lysozyme
breaks bonds in a glycan chain of peptidoglycan
multiphoton microscopy
can be used to view three-dimensional images, obtain interior views of thick structures, view live cells
slime layer
some bacteria are covered with a diffuse and irregular substance called
cholesterol
sterol in animal cells
ergosterol
sterol in fungi cells that is a target for antifungial medication
Eukarya
the cells of which microorganism contain membrane-bound organelles
true or false
we could not survive without microorganisms, but they can also be harmful.
tapeworms, roundworms and flukes
what are parasitic helminths
Eukarya
what is the domain of organisms whose cells have a nucleus and various organelles
Gram stain
what staining technique is most commonly used to differentiate most bacteria based on their cell wall structure?
Scientific theory
when extensive amounts of experimental evidence supports a hypothesis, the explanation may become a
Methods, results and conclusions
when scientists communicate their work in scientific journals they are communicating their
Viruses, Viroids, Prions
Acellular Infectious agents:
Emerging infectious disease
An infectious disease that has become more common in the last 35 years
hyphae
Another name for the microscopic filaments of mold is
lipid raft
cholesterol rich region where many viruses enter or exit cells
result in the bursting of the bacterial cell
compounds that interfere with the synthesis or structural integrity of peptidoglycan can:
Bacteria, Archaea
Can reproduce independently
Prions, Viroids
Cannot reproduce independently
Motile, found in terrestrial and aquatic environments
Characteristics that describe Protozoa
More diverse
Compared to the diversity of plants and animals, microbes as a group are
Protists
Eukaroytes such as algae and protozoa are also referred to as
Protists, algae, fungi, helminths, protozoa
Eukarya studied by microbiologists include
Eukarya
Fungi, Algae, Protozoa and Helminths are all
Strain
In the name E. coli K12 , the part after the species name is the ______ designation
Viroid
It consists of a single short piece of RNA