Microbiology Test One (Chapters 1, 3, 4, 5)

penicillin

is the most studied group of antibiotics that prevent the cross-linking of a adjacent glycan chains in peptidoglycan

Spontaneous generation

life arises from non-living matter

flagella

long protein structures responsible for most types of prokaryotic motility are called

yogurt, beer, cheese

microbial fermentation

Microorganisms

organisms that can convert N2(nitrogen-fixation) into a form other organisms can use to make proteins and nucleic acids include

Cheaper, multiply quickly, same metabolic mechanisms, DNA is duplicated

reasons microbes are useful in the study of higher-life forms

Normal Microbiota

Organisms that populate the human body and which protect it from disease are termed

infectious proteins

Prions are

the normal version of the protein to also misfold

Prions are misfolded proteins that cause

Viruses

Unlike the term microorganism, the word microbe also includes

True or false

Viruses are smaller than most bacteria

Cell wall

Which cell structure provides strength and rigidity to a cell?

emerging diseases

Which diseases are due to organisms "jumping" from a natural animal host to using humans as a host?

true or false

Without microorganisms we would run out of certain nutrients

capsule

a distinct and gelatinous layer on the outside of the cell. most are composed of polysaccarides but some are made of polypeotides

cytoplasmic membrane

acts as cell's gatekeeper, determining what can enter and exit

Chloroplasts

all algae have ______, which contain chlorophyll(a green pigment)

lysozyme

breaks bonds in a glycan chain of peptidoglycan

multiphoton microscopy

can be used to view three-dimensional images, obtain interior views of thick structures, view live cells

slime layer

some bacteria are covered with a diffuse and irregular substance called

cholesterol

sterol in animal cells

ergosterol

sterol in fungi cells that is a target for antifungial medication

Eukarya

the cells of which microorganism contain membrane-bound organelles

true or false

we could not survive without microorganisms, but they can also be harmful.

tapeworms, roundworms and flukes

what are parasitic helminths

Eukarya

what is the domain of organisms whose cells have a nucleus and various organelles

Gram stain

what staining technique is most commonly used to differentiate most bacteria based on their cell wall structure?

Scientific theory

when extensive amounts of experimental evidence supports a hypothesis, the explanation may become a

Methods, results and conclusions

when scientists communicate their work in scientific journals they are communicating their

Viruses, Viroids, Prions

Acellular Infectious agents:

Emerging infectious disease

An infectious disease that has become more common in the last 35 years

hyphae

Another name for the microscopic filaments of mold is

lipid raft

cholesterol rich region where many viruses enter or exit cells

result in the bursting of the bacterial cell

compounds that interfere with the synthesis or structural integrity of peptidoglycan can:

Bacteria, Archaea

Can reproduce independently

Prions, Viroids

Cannot reproduce independently

Motile, found in terrestrial and aquatic environments

Characteristics that describe Protozoa

More diverse

Compared to the diversity of plants and animals, microbes as a group are

Protists

Eukaroytes such as algae and protozoa are also referred to as

Protists, algae, fungi, helminths, protozoa

Eukarya studied by microbiologists include

Eukarya

Fungi, Algae, Protozoa and Helminths are all

Strain

In the name E. coli K12 , the part after the species name is the ______ designation

Viroid

It consists of a single short piece of RNA