Microbiology- Unit 7

A dangerous life threatening infection in ischemic tissues causing tissue necrosis is caused by the endospore forming bacteria _______.

Clostridium perfringens

Is fungus spread in bird feces causes pulmonary infections and disseminates into meningitis.

Cryptococcus

Inflammation of blood vessels and organs in response to bacteria and toxins in the blood resulting in sepsis is caused by excessive ________ .

Cytokine production

Toxoplasma infections pose a high risk for pregnant mother because the protozoan can cross the placenta and cause fetal _______.

Death and brain infections

The convalescence period for pertussis can be long with a persistent cough explaining why the disease was known as the ________.

100-day cough

Tuberculosis is spread via _______, which tend to stay in the air a long time and requires health care professional to wear masks.

Aerosols

The hemorrhagic Hantavirus is transmitted through _______.

Aerosols of mice urine and feces

The disseminated form of this normal fungi found in the soil can lead to bloody cough and pulmonary hemorrhage.

Aspergillosis

Which of the following is most likely to lead to sepsis and septic shock?

Bacteremia

The transmission of Chagas disease occurs via _____.

Bite of Triatome bug

Which of the following fungal infections normally causes flu like symptoms but can cause a severe disseminated disease?

Blastomyces

The symptoms of influenza infections include what?

Body ache, fever, chill

The hallmark symptom of bubonic plague is large swollen lymph nodes called _______.

Buboes

Lyme's disease, caused by the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi, can be identified early by the presence of which sign?

Bullseye rash

Epstein Barr virus can cause a dangerous cancer in patients with either malaria or HIV called ________.

Burkitt's lymphoma

The exoenzyme streptokinase released during an infection with Streptococcus pyogenes does which of the following?

Dissolves fibrin clots

The most common cause of cystitis is the enteric bacterium ______.

Escherichia coli

Herpes simplex 2 infections begin with flu-like symptoms and the signature sign of a ______.

Genital vesicles

Malaria is mainly transmitted by

Mosquito bite

The symptoms of upper urinary tract infection include fever, lower back pain, and painful urination. This infection is called _______.

Pyelonephritis

Treatment of hantavirus infections is _______.

Supportive care

Toxic shock syndrome from Staphylococcus aureus often occurs with the improper use of ____.

Tampons

Trichomonas infections can be detected using which instruments?

Microscope wet mount,Nucleic Acid amplification

Legionnaires disease commonly targets which patient populations?

Chronic heart disease, Elderly, Chronic lung disease

Dengue virus causes Breakbone fever, due to which symptoms?

Fever and bone pain

Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome symptoms are?

Fever, Pneumonia, Pulmonary edema

In the lungs, the immune system may wall off Mycobacterium in a ______ to prevent the spread of the pathogen.

Tubercle

Pertussis can be prevented with _______.

Vaccination

HPV infections can be prevented by the administration of _______.

Vaccine

Viruses that have entered the bloodstream is called _______.

Viremia

Candida albicans is a normal part of the vaginal microbiome, but causes infections

When a patient overuses antibiotics

The deadly bubonic, pneumonic and septicemic plagues with mortality rates over 50% if untreated is caused by _______.

Yersinia pestis

HIV specifically targets and infects which cell in the body?

CD 4 T cells

Pregnant women are warned to stay away from _______, which can be contaminated with Toxoplasma gondii.

Cat urine and Kitty litter

In which phase is the pertussis infections most infectious and present with flu-like symptoms?

Catarrhal

Certain strains of HPV can cause warts and lead to ________.

Cervical cancer

pneumococcal pneumonia symptoms are

Productive cough Bloody sputum

The most common route of transmission for a bladder infection is

Fecal contamination

Symptoms of acute HIV infection occurs 2 to 4 weeks after infections during which the patient is extremely contagious and presents with ________ symptoms.

Flu-like symptoms

Swimmer's itch is caused by the cercaria of Schistosoma which is a ______.

Fluke

Besides direct contact with Ebola virus, which other way can the virus be transmitted?

Fomites

Disseminated tuberculosis from activation of dormant tubercles is a major risk in which patient population?

Immunocompromised

Fungal respiratory infections generally infect which population?

Immunocompromised

Patients with the highest risk for developing endocarditis are patients with ______.

Prosthetic valves

A population that is at high risk for developing vaginal yeast infections is _______.

HIV and immunocompromised patients

Complications with Lyme's disease can affect which of the following organs?

Heart

Endocarditis is life threatening due to damage to ________.

Heart valves

Both dengue virus and yellow fever virus can cause a life-threatening form of infections called _______.

Hemorrhagic fever

The fungal disease that presents symptoms similar to tuberculosis is

Histoplasmosis

Which cytokine when produced causes vasodilation, drop blood pressure and loss of kidney function?

Iinterleukin-1

The dangerous septicemia called tularemia, is caused by the bacterium Francisella tularensis and is spread by contact with _________.

Infected rabbits and ticks

The most common causes of viral pneumonia include what?

Influenza virus, Parainfluenza virus, Respiratory syncytial virus

Leishmania protozoan parasites replicate in and lyse which cells of the immune system?

Macrophages

This virus is characterized by the following symptoms of high fever, sore throat, conjunctivitis, Kolpik spots and a rash that starts on the face and descends.

Measles

Coccidioidomycosis is spread by inhalation of spores and causes San Joaquin Fever which can lead to death by ________.

Meningitis

Haemophilus influenza causes pneumonia in elderly and was a common cause of ______ in children before vaccination.

Meningitis

Diphtheria infections are potentially deadly infections in children due to _______.

Pseudomembrane suffocation

Patients with Yellow Fever may develop all the following symptoms.

Mucosal hemorrhaging, Fever, Jaundice

Mycobacterium tuberculosis prevents the phagocytosis by macrophages in the alveoli through ________ in the cell wall.

Mycolic acid

Atypical or walking pneumonia is a slow growing infection characterized by a persistent cough and fatigue is caused by _____.

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Which bacteria STI is usually asymptomatic in both men and women and is known as the clap?

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Tertiary syphilis is a deadly infection affecting what body systems?

Nervous and cardiovascular systems

What is the function of the microbiota of the urogenital region?

Nonspecific defense against pathogens

Infection of the middle ear is called ______.

Otitis media

During which of the three phases of a pertussis infection would a patient have coughing spasms, vomiting and produce a whoop?

Paroxysmal

The Streptococcus pyogenes syndrome that can includes necrotizing fasciitis and acute respiratory distress syndrome.

Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome

In women, untreated chlamydia and gonorrhea infections can lead to fever, lower abdominal pain, and vaginal discharge known as _____.

Pelvic inflammatory disease

Congestive heart failure can be caused by _______, the inflammation of membrane around the heart.

Pericarditis

Rocky mountain spotted fever has which symptoms?

Petechia rash, Headache, Fever

The deadliest form of malaria is caused by the protozoan ________.

Plasmodium falciparum

The major symptoms of SARS include what?

Pneumonia, Cough, Fever

The symptoms of Legionnaires include what?

Pneumonia, Fever, Vomiting

Legionella pneumophila infects and survives inside the alveoli macrophage by ________.

Preventing lysosome digestion

Strep throat pharyngits is caused by which organism?

Streptococcus pyogenes

The dangerous toxin made by Streptococcus pyogenes that lysis red blood cells is ____.

Streptolysin

The Plasmodium parasite needs to complete its lifecycle in which cells?

Red blood cells

Diphtheria is transmitted via ________.

Respiratory droplets

Streptococcus pyogenes is transmitted mainly by ________.

Respiratory droplets

RSV can be spread by what?

Respiratory droplets and Fomites

The HIV enzyme that copies the HIV RNA genome into DNA, which is then integrated into the CD 4 T cell DNA is called ______.

Reverse Transcriptase

The common cold is caused by what type of viruses?

Rhinovirus and Coronaviruses

This bread mold fungus can colonize the skin, sinuses and lungs of immunocompromised patients causing mucormycosis.

Rhizopus

Inflammation of the fallopian tubes is known as _____.

Salpingitis

Transmission of Trichomonas occurs through _______.

Sexual contact

Chicken pox infections can reactivate causing a painful rash called _____.

Shingles

Pericarditis is associated with which symptoms?

Shortness of breath, Chest pain, Dry cough

Toxic shock syndrome is caused by which pathogen?

Staphylococcus aureus

Bubonic plague caused by Yersinia pestis is spread by _______.

Tick bites

Primary syphilis produces a ulcerative chancre lesion caused by the Gram-negative spirochete ________.

Treponema pallidum

There is only one major protozoan sexually transmitted infection and it is caused by a member of the normal microbiota called _______.

Trichomonas vaginalis