midterm 1
Nucleotides contain ___________ sugars. a. three-carbon b. four-carbon c. five-carbon d. six-carbon
c. five-carbon
Benzene repels water, therefore benzene is considered to be a. amphipathic b. hydrophilic c. hydrophobic d. acidic
c. hydrophobic
What type of LIPIDS are found in ALL biological MEMBRANES? a. triglycerides b. waxes c. phospholipids d. diglycerides
c. phospholipids
Nuculeolus are regions in the nucleus that synthesis a. proteins b. lipids c. rRNA d. DNA
c. rRNA
Enzymes have active sites that bind with the a. cofactor b. apoenzyme c. substrate d. holoenzyme
c. substrate
Similar to the system in bacterial membranes, mitochondria are able to produce energy via the electron transport system, located a. within the cell cytoplasm b. on the outer membrane of the mitochondrion c. within the intermembrane space d. on the inner membrane
c. within the intermembrane space
Since mycoplasma organisms lack a _________, they will not stain with Gram stain a. Vacuole b. Granules c. Cytoplasm d. Cell wall
d. Cell wall
Capillary action involves the following THREE properties of water: adhesion, _____________, and surface tension. a. density b. polarity c. Non-polarity d. Cohesion
d. Cohesion
What organelle is responsible for packaging and labeling and shipping of proteins in vesicles? a. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum b. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum c. Nucleolus d. Golgi Apparatus
d. Golgi Apparatus
What powers ATP synthase rotary motor? a. cAMP b. Coenzyme motive force c. GTP hydrolysis d. H+ gradient
d. H+ gradient
What is fermentation? a. A process where a sugar is broken down into ethanol and carbon dioxide b. A process where a sugar is broken down into yeast and carbon dioxide c. A process where a yeast is broken down into ethanol and carbon dioxide d. A process where a sugar is broken down into water and oxygen
a. A process where a sugar is broken down into ethanol and carbon dioxide
Which of the following is NOT true about bacterial endospores? a. All bacteria can sporulate b. Endospores can resist bad environments c. Endospores germinate in favorable environments d. Clostridium species can form endospores
a. All bacteria can sporulate
Credit for the first vaccine for the prevention of human disease is. generally given to: a. Edward Jenner for the prevention of small pox b. Louis Pasteur for the prevention of rabies c. Louis Pasteur for the prevention of anthrax d. Robert Kuch for the prevention of Tuberculosis
a. Edward Jenner for the prevention of small pox
____________ are forms of an element that have different numbers of neutrons a. Isotopes b. isomeres c. compounds d. molecules
a. Isotopes
Eukaryotes flagella whip back and forth rather than rotating. This is because within a eukaryotic flagellum we typically find a. a 9+2 arrangement of microtubules which slide past each other during movement b. a 7+2 arrangement of microfilament which slide along the external filaments c. a 5+4 arrangement of cellulose fiber which twist back and forth d. 9 pairs of microtubules which surround the interior of the cell
a. a 9+2 arrangement of microtubules which slide past each other during movement
Binomial nomenclature refers to the a. genus and species b. species and order c. genus and division d. kingdom genus
a. genus and species
In aerobic respiration, the terminal electron acceptor is a. oxygen b nitrogen c. hydration d. nitrate
a. oxygen
Cell walls, when they exist, usually contain peptidoglycan in a. procaryotes only b. eucaryotes only c. both procaryotes and eucaryotes d. fungi
a. procaryotes only
What is a plasmid? a. self-replicating segment of double stranded DNA that is extra chromosomal b. self-replicating segment of single stranded RNA c. A bacterial chromosome d. protein
a. self-replicating segment of double stranded DNA that is extra chromosomal
What will happen to an animal cell placed in a salt water solution? a. the cell will shrink b. the cell will expand c. the cell will burst d. the cell will shrink and then expand and then shrink again
a. the cell will shrink
bacterial ribosomes are a. 80s b. 70s c. 40s d. 60s
b. 70s
Which of the following is the defining characteristic of acid fast bacteria? a. A thin cell membrane made of phospholipids b. A thick layer of mycolic acids c. A thin layer of peptidoglycan d. A polypeptide layer surrounding the cell membrane
b. A thick layer of mycolic acids
The organism which obtain their energy from chemicals are designed as a. phototrophs b. chemotrophs c. organotrophs d. autotrophs
b. chemotrophs
Flagella with a single flagellum at one end are said to be a. lophotrichous b. monotrichous c. peritrichous d. amphitrichous
b. monotrichous
Gram-negative bacteria are more resistant to antibiotics due to the presence of? a. thin peptidoglycan wall b. outer lipopolysaccharide layer c. porin proteins d. teichoic acid
b. outer lipopolysaccharide layer
An allosteric inhibitor of an enzyme usually a. binds to an active site b. participates in feedback regulation c. denatures the enzymes d. causes the enzyme to work faster
b. participates in feedback regulation
Which of the following is true about the theory if spontaneous generation? a. state that cells come from pre-existing cells b. states that life arises from non living matter c. is believed to be true today d. Hereditary disease
b. states that life arises from non living matter
The graph shows the enzymes affect reactions in cells. Which statement best summarizes the information shown in the graph? a. Enzymes increase the energy of reactants b. Enzymes decrease the free energy change in the reaction c. Enzyme decrease the activation energy of the reaction d. Enzymes reverse the direction of the reaction
c. Enzyme decrease the activation energy of the reaction
protein portion of an enzyme when it is combined with organic molecule is termed as a. apoenzyme b. co-enzyme c. Holoenzyme d. co-factors
c. Holoenzyme
what organelles in eukaryotic cells are thought to have originated from prokaryotic cells according to the Endosymbiotic Theory? a. nucleus and centrioles b. Vacuole and plastids c. Mitochondria and chloroplasts d. plastids and lysosomes
c. Mitochondria and chloroplasts
"prokaryotes" includes a. protista & archaea b. algae & bacteria c. bacteria & archaea d. protista & algae
c. bacteria & archaea
The flagellum is attached to the cell body by a a. filament b. cillium c. basal body d. pilus
c. basal body
Recently, microorganisms have been used to clean up oil spills in the oceans of the world. This is an example of a. agricultural microbiology b. food microbiology c. bioremediation d. epidemiology
c. bioremediation
Bacteria do not always swim aimlessly but are attracted by such nutrients such as sugar and amino acids, and are repelled by harmful substances and bacterial waste products. Movement toward chemical attractants and away from repellents is called a. gliding motility b. tumbling c. chemotaxis d. affinity
c. chemotaxis
Lysosomes of the cell are where a. lysozyme is synthesized b. secretory proteins are transported to the surface c. endocytosed material is degraded by digestive enzyme d. glycogen is stored as an energy source
c. endocytosed material is degraded by digestive enzyme
Active transport requires: a. a concentration gradient b. osmosis c. energy d. a hypertonic solution
c. energy
The mitochondria is the of a. protein synthesis b. lipid synthesis c. energy production d. endocytosis
c. energy production
Which of the following is a function of the glycocalyx? a. to aid in adhering to the cell's environment b. to aid in preventing phagocytosis from cells that might engulf the bacterium c. formation of biofilms d. all of the above
d. all of the above
Most ATP produced in aerobic respiration occurs in the process of: a. glycolysis b. the formation of acetyl- CoA c. the Krebs cycle d. chemiosmosis
d. chemiosmosis
What initiates the formation of an endospore? a. stimulus to reproduce b. transfer of genetic material c. injury to the cell d. depletion of nutrients
d. depletion of nutrients
According to the fluid mosaic model of cell membranes, which type of molecule spans the membrane, from it inner to outer surface? a. carbohydrate b. cholesterol c. phospholipid d. protein
d. protein
At the end of glycolysis, each molecule of glucose has yielded 2 molecules of_______, 2 molecules of________, and a net of 2 molecules of _______. a. FAD; NAD+; ADP b. CO2;NAD+; ADP c. lactic acid; ethanol; CO2 d. pyruvate, NADH, ATP
d. pyruvate, NADH, ATP
_____________ are corkscrew-shaped bacteria with wriggly movement caused by the activity of axial filaments. a. bacilli b. cocci c. spirilla d. spirochetes
d. spirochetes
the final electron acceptor in aerobic respiration is: a. pyruvate b. carbon dioxide c. oxygen d. water
d. water
How many molecules of acetyl CoA, an acetyl group attached to 'coenzyme A', are produced from a single molecule of glucose for participation in the Krebs cycle? a. 1 b. 4 c. 3 d. 2
d.2