Midterm 1 Exam Questions 1-7

"While reviewing the prior day's material last Wednesday before lecture, you correctly realized that 100 Independence Hall would best be compared to the ___ variable and you with your classmates to the ___ variable in our last critical equation. a. n-R b. V-R c. n-V d. V-n"

D

" A(n) ___ protein never spans the entire plasma membrane and it is always ___. A. Peripheral - polar C. Phospholipid - nonpolar B. Integral - amphipathic D. Transmembrane - amphipathic"

a

" Carmen just ate breakfast. In considering the carbohydrate compounds now in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Carmen correctly realizes that A. Glucose cannot be entering the epithelial cells via glucose transporters (GLUTs). B. The active transporters will never have both compounds moving with their gradients. C. The sodium-potassium-ATPase pumps will not be critical to the glucose entering the epithelial cells. D. Countertransporters will be transporting the glucose into the epithelial cells."

a

" Dr. Yul B Allwright's Patient X has been impacted by a toxin that has changed every paracrine into having the identical affinity for all receptors Dr. Allwright correctly realizes that Patient X will A. Have some paracrines that now have a different charge than before. B. Have paracrine-based forms of direct intercellular communication be disrupted. C. Both statements are correct. D. Neither statement is correct."

a

"1. Neuron A receives multiple stimuli at the exact same time. This ___ summation could result in a(n) ___ potential if a(n) ___potential occurs. A. Spatial - action - threshold C. Spatial - threshold - action B. Temporal - action - threshold D. Temporal - threshold - action"

a

"1. Our ___ receptor design is the ___ design and is ___ the most used in our sensory system. A. First - faster- not B. Second - slower - not? C. First - slower- often D. Second - faster - often"

a

"11. Which of the following pairs are both brain parts comprised of just two components? A. Cerebrum - diencephalon B. Cerebrum- diencephalon C. Midbrain - brainstem D. Midbrain - diencephalon"

a

"11. While talking about this week's material in the Party Room with Phys Phab Keenan, a student correctly tells him that to increase communication in the nervous system, ___ should be increased. A. Interstitial calcium availability C. Intracellular sodium availability B. Graded potential D. Intracellular receptor availability"

a

"13. Neurons A and B are both at rest and have threshold potentials of -50 mV. After each experiences a graded potential, Neuron A has a membrane potential of -30 m V while Neuron B's membrane potential is -60 mV. Consequently, Neuron A is ___ experiencing an action potential and Neuron B ___ experienced an IPSP. A. Likely - could have B. Likely - could not have C. Not - could have D. Not - could not have"

a

"13. On 2 February, Dr. Johnson (OSU President) acted like a ___ neuron and participated in ___ to tell all the OSU students that in-person (but not online) classes were cancelled for the next day (3 February). A. Presynaptic - divergence C. Presynaptic - convergence B. Postsynaptic - convergence D. Postsynaptic - divergence"

a

"15. Which is a correct statement about neurotransmitters? A. In lecture, we learned about an individual one and then three groups of them. B. Some amino acids can cause hyperpolarizations in the presynaptic cell. C. The most common neurotransmitter impacts mood. D. Neuropeptides are never found in the smallest fluid compartment."

a

"15. Which is a correct statement about the membrane potential? A. It is a type of electrical potentials. B. It can be impacted by osmolarity changes for a cell. C. For a cell at rest, it is typically about -70 V. D. It is measured as Vm which is the electrical difference within the plasma membrane."

a

"15. Which is a correct statement about the membrane potential? A. It is the equivalent of electrical potentials. B. It cannot be impacted by osmolarity changes for a cell. C. For a cell at rest, it is typically about -70 V. D. It is measured as Vm which is the electrical difference across the plasma membrane." d "19. This week, the red blood cell travels past a neuron. During this passing, both cells experience a depolarization event. During this event, the RBC correctly stated that A. Only the neuron had an increased chance of having an action potential occur. B. Only the neuron will experience a graded potential. C. Both of them might be experiencing an influx of a anion like sodium. D. All three statements are correct."

a

"17. Which is a correct statement about the brain? A. The thalamus acts as a relay station for crude sensation. B. The pons is a part of the most recent portion of the brain. C. Unlike in the spinal cord, the gray matter of the cerebral cortex contains interneurons' cell bodies D The vast majority of the weight of the brain is not within the forebrain."

a

"19. In her Physiology Lab, Phys Phab Anne Marie observes how a set of cells react to large, unwanted particles. The cells begin by bringing these particles into themselves for destruction. Which is a correct statement about this destruction process? A. It will directly cause an increase in the rate of the forward/rightward direction of our Equation #1 B. These cells might have cholesterol in their plasma membranes. C. It will cause these cells to increase in size. D. All three statements are correct."

a

"19. Which is a correct statement about intercellular communication? A. There are three distinctly different forms that all require physical contact. B. Tunneling nanotubes allow for the transport of larger compounds than gap nanotubes. C. Both statements are correct. D. Neither statement is correct."

a

"19. While hiking downstate in the Hocking Hills, Phys Phab Nick encounters a mother bear and her two cubs. Consequently, Nick correctly realizes that A. Epinephrine will now be present in all three of his fluid compartments.X B. His adrenal cortex will be releasing norepinephrine into his plasma. C. Acetylcholine will be getting released only by his postganglionic neurons with short axons. D. All three statements are correct."

a

"21. Which is a correct statement about a toxin that causes a decrease in the coding of intensity? A. It could cause a decrease in action potential frequency. B. It could decrease the amount of time that the ligand-gated calcium channels are open in the axon terminal. C. Both statements are correct. D. Neither statement is correct."

a

"25. An increase in ATP production could subsequently cause the individual to have A. increasing blood pH. B. Decreasing numbers of H+ C. Decreasing heat levels. D. All three statements are correct. "

a

"25. Dr. Gray's patient has neuropathy which is caused by impacted peripheral neurons and leads to numbness or pain in the impacted limbs. Consequently, Dr. Gray correctly realizes that this neuropathy is caused by A. A loss of Schwann cells, then the saltatory conduction would be impacted. B.An antagonist present for the sodium channels, then action potentials will not properly be propagated. C. Both statements are correct. D. Neither statement is correct."

a

"25. Dr. Yul B. Allwright was drinking a cup of hot coffee and accidentally spilled it on his leg causing a painful burn. While cleaning himself up, Dr. A correctly realized that A. Thermoreceptors were not responsible for the sensation of the burn. B. The burn sensation is associated with the bottom half of our reflex template. C. Both statements are correct. D. Neither statement is correct."

a

"25. Which is a correct statement about carrier-mediated transport? A. Active transport always needs energy input. B. The primary active transporter example from lecture is a cotransporter. C. ATP is always required along with conformation changes for transport to occur. D. All three statements are correct"

a

"27. A pheochromocytoma is a tumor that causes the adrenal gland to secrete too many endocrines. You correctly determine that an individual with this type of tumor will have A. Increased plasma levels of certain biogenic amines. B. Persistent pupil but not bronchiole dilation. C. Both statements are correct. D. Neither statement is correct."

a

"27. Dr. Scarlet has extracted a properly functioning cell from her Patient X's spinal cord. Via experiments, she determines that this cell is unable to experience action potentials. Consequently, she correctly expects that this cell A. Will be able to experience graded potentials. C. Both statements are correct. B. Will not have a membrane potential. D. Neither statement is correct."

a

"27. Which is a correct statement about the nervous system? A. Interneurons will never have their dendrites in the PNS. B. Communication between two neurons is always unidirectional. C. A single neuron can participate in only one synapse at any time. D. All three statements are correct."

a

"29. Which is a correct statement about our Figure 3 showing biorhythms? A. Cortisol has a nocturnal phase that is highest in the early morning. B. The urinary potassium level has a shorter pase length than body temp C. Both statements are correct. D. Neither statement is correct"

a

"3. This week, the red blood cell travels past a pair of neurons. While passing them, the BC notices that the postganglionic neuron's axon is longer than the preganglionic neuron's axon. Therefore, the RB correctly stated that this neuron pair is a part of the ___ nervous system within the ___ nervous system. A. Sympathetic - peripheral B. Sympathetic - somatic C. Autonomic - central D. Autonomic - afferent"

a

"5. Bats utilize their hearing of sounds to move through the environment (aka echolocation). Humans are typically unable to hear these sounds. Consequently, you correctly understand that bats and humans both have matching ___ and bats have a greater ___. A. Modality - adequacy C. Adequacy - modality B. Modality - specificity D. Adequacy - specificity"

a

"7. Brutus Buckeye regularly eats breakfast at 0700. consequently, the Beta cells of his pancreas releases insulin around 0630 to limit the rise of his blood glucose. He correctly realizes that utilization if the reflex template at 0630 involves the a. efferent pathway b. sensor c. stimulus d. integrating receptor"

a

"9. Chloride ions (Cl-) are observed entering a resting cell. Consequently, you can correctly state that the ___ gradient is stronger than the ___ gradient for this ion. A. Chemical - electrical C. Electrical - chemical B. Actually, both must be identical in strength. D. No determination can be made with this information."

a

"9. Which is a correct statement about a graded potential? A. The magnitude of it is directly dependent of the size of the stimulus. B. It could be categorized as a hyperpolarization. C. If categorized as a depolarization, it will be moving toward the cell's steady state. D. It could be observed only in excitable cells."

a

"A particular parietal cell (cell type in the stomach) went to a ""body cell mixer"" (all guests from the same body). It greatly enjoyed dancing with and periodically touching an alpha cell from the pancreas. These cells correctly realized that they A. Could be doing juxtacrine communication. B. Have tunneling nanotubes. C. Both statements are correct. D. Neither statement is correct."

a

"A red blood cell saw a muscle cell through a thin capillary wall but was carried off in the plasma before getting to introduce itself. In thinking about that muscle cell, the red blood cell correctly realized that A. They are not members of the same primary type of cells B. they have different genomes. C. They both have the same lipodome. D. It's movement away from the muscle cell is like that of an endocrine and based on diffusion."

a

"A red blood cell was able to introduce itself to a group of typical cells in the wall of the heart which are linked by the strongest junction type. The red blood cell correctly realized that A. These heart cells are being held together by desmosomes. B. Compared to itself, these heart cells are able to make about the same amount of ATP per glucose. C. They are the same type of primary cell type. D. Only it (the RBC) can produce ATP in an anaerobic environment."

a

"An increase in ATP production could subsequently cause the individual to have A. Decreasing blood pH. B. Decreasing numbers of H+ C. Decreasing heat levels."

a

"Dr. Scarlet's Patient X has frequent joint dislocations, overly stretchy skin and thin blood vessels due to her connective tissue and surrounding proteins being too flexible. Dr. Scarlet correctly realizes that these symptoms are due to Patient X creating a defective form of a protein that holds cells together. This protein is A. Collagen, now rubberband-like instead of rope-like. B. Elastin, now rope-like instead of rubberband-like. C. Fibronectin, now too rope-like. D. Fibrostin, now too rubberband-like."

a

"For the cellular junctions, ___ and ___ can be combined because they both ___ unlike ___ which do not. A. Desmosomes - gap junctions - allow mid-sized fluid compartment flow - gap junctions B. Desmosomes - tight junctions - prevent flow of the mid-sized fluid compartment - gap junctions C. Gap junctions - tight junctions - are formed by integral proteins - desmosomes D. Tight junctions - desmosomes - force transcellular transport - gap junctions"

a

"Melatonin is a ___ associated with the ___ phase. A.) Donor - nocturnal B Free radical - nocturnal C. Donor - diurnal D. Free radical - diurnal"

a

"On the first warm spring day, you decide to disobey the posted signs and swim in Mirror Lake to cool off. After a week of warm days and going swimming, you notice that the lake's water temperature feels warmer to you when you jump in, even though the thermometer says that the water temperature has not changed. You correctly realize that you have ___ by making ___ changes. a. acclimated - set point b. acclimated - genetic c. adapted - genetics d. adapted - set point"

a

"To celebrate acing this exam, you head over to Brennen's Café where you order a latte (coffee drink with milk and sugar) and a bacon and egg bagel sandwich. While eating and drinking, you correctly realize that A. Both your drink and sandwich will allow you to do substrate level phosphorylation. B. Your sandwich does not contain compounds that can be used in the tricarboxylic acid cycle. C. Both statements are correct. D. Neither statement is correct."

a

"Which is a correct statement about facilitated diffusion? A. It can be saturated. C. It will rarely decrease a concentration gradient. B. It occurs via channels. D. It never requires binding of the transportee. "

a

"Which is a correct statement about free radicals? A. They have only one electron in their outer orbit. B. They are ingested but not produced by our bodies. C. They are always detrimental to our body cells. D. Antioxidants like nitric oxide can eliminate them "

a

"Which is a correct statement about our Critical Equations? A. Of the total of four of them, only two deal with energy. B. Our #3 is reversible and can have dicarbonal as a product. C. Our #3 always has water as a product. D. All three statements are correct about our Critical Equations."

a

"Which is a correct statement about oxidative phosphorvlation? A. It does not occur in all cells of the body. B. It is the process by which the citric acid cycles turns pyruvate into ATPs. C. Both statements are correct. D. Neither statement is correct."

a

"Which is a correct statement about the cellular metabolic pathways? A. Oxidative phosphorylation makes less ATPs than substrate level phosphorylation when anaerobic. B. Red blood cells can do oxidative phosphorylation. C. Both statements are correct. D. Neither statement is correct."

a

"Which is a correct statement about the fluid compartments? A. Endocrines travel via the smallest one. B. Gap junctions allow the mid-sized one to flow within them. C. Lipophobic compounds have no issues being in any of the four compartments. D. If all capillary walls were eliminated, the distinction of the ""largest"" compartment would change."

a

"Which is a correct statement based on a single cycle of the primary active transporter example we discussed in lecture? A. When ATP is catabolized, the transporter moves to being open to the largest fluid compartment. B. The energy of two ATPs is required to complete this single cycle. C. The sodium is not the driving ion for the potassium D. Less sodium than potassium is transported."

a

"Which statement is correct about noncovalent bonding? A. Ionic compounds will not hold together with in the smallest fluid compartment. B. Due to their bond formation, nonpolar compounds do not have partial charges. C. Hydrogen bonding is weak but allows for structure building."

a

"While rushing to finish their favorite morning beverage before entering 100 Independence for this exam, a classmate accidentally spilled half of the beverage. Since osmolarities were on their mind, they correctly realized that the osmolarity of the remaining beverage is ___ of the osmolarity of the beverage before spilling. A. Still the same as B. Now half C. Now double D. Now less but not nearly half"

a

"which is a correct statement about biorhythms? a. they allow us to use less energy to maintain steady state than negative feedback alone b. they are an example of positive feedforward mechanisms c. the are acclimatizations that set up increased genetic changes. d. they have their parameters steady state determination set by the environment. "

a

" 27. Dr. Yul B Allwright's Patient X has been impacted by a toxin that has changed every paracrine into having the identical affinity for all receptors Dr. Allwright correctly realizes that Patient X will A. Not have ant paracrines that now have a different charge than before. B. Have paracrine-based forms of direct intercellular communication be disrupted. C. Both statements are correct. D. Neither statement is correct."

b

"11. Which is a correct statement based on a single cycle of the primary active transporter example we discussed in lecture? A. When ATP is catabolized, the transporter moves to being open to the largest fluid compartment. B. The energy of one ATP is required to complete this single cycle. C. The sodium is the driving ion for the potassium D. Less sodium than potassium is transported."

b

"11. While talking about this week's material in the Party Room with Phys Phab Keenan, a student correctly tells him that to increase communication in the nervous system, ___ should be increased. A. Interstitial calcium availability C. Intracellular sodium availability B. Membrane potential D. Intracellular receptor availability"

b

"13. A red blood cell was able to introduce itself to a group of typical cells in the wall of the heart which are linked by the strongest junction type. The red blood cell correctly realized that A. These heart cells are not being held together by desmosomes. B. Compared to itself, these heart cells are able to make significantly more ATP per glucose. C. They are the same type of primary cell type. D. Only it (the RBC) can produce ATP in an anaerobic environment"

b

"15. Which is a correct statement about the Kreb Cycle? A. It can function without oxygen. C. It consists of eight embryonic reactions. B. It can occur without glycolysis. D. It makes ATP differently from glycolysis"

b

"15. Which is a correct statement about the membrane potential? A. It is the equivalent of electrical potentials. B. It can be impacted by osmolarity changes for a cell. C. For a cell at rest, it is typically about -70 V. D. It is measured as Vm which is the electrical difference within the plasma membrane."

b

"17. Brutus Buckeye has been told that his neurons have shorter than typical myelin coverings. Therefore, Brutus correctly realizes that, compared to a typical individual, his neurons A. Will have less nodes of Ranvier. B. Will have an reduced conduction velocity. C. Must be located in the peripheral nervous system.r D. Are not typical neurons."

b

"17. While watching Phys News this morning. Carmen learned about a recently discovered chemical messenger. The reporter stated that, when many of this messenger are placed in a beaker of water, they clumped together. Consequently, Carmen correctly realized that this new chemical messenger A. Would not cross a plasma membrane to activate its receptor. B. Would not need a plasma binding protein to enter a cell. C. Would not bind to receptors that would not typically be endocytosed. D. Would alter immediately the charge distribution across the membrane."

b

"19. Which is a correct statement about neurons? A. Dendrites increase permeability because of their increased surface area. B. They are not typically the same size as an epithelial cell. C. Both statements are correct. D. Neither statement is correct."

b

"21. Dr. Yul B Allwright has developed a toxin that limits cell growth. He correctly realizes that individuals given this toxin could have A. The actions of their intracellular matrix impacted. B. The parts of their glycocalyx connected to phosphlipids be lengthened. C. Both statements are correct. D. Neither statement is correct."

b

"21. Which is a correct statement about cells? A. All somatic cells are created via meiosis B. The majority of the cells in our body are in the primary type of connective. C. Both statements are correct. D. Neither statement is correct."

b

"23. Dr. Yul B. Allwright is reviewing his patient's CT Scan (image of the brain). As compared to last year's image, the cerebellum is reduced in size. Consequently, Dr. A. expects that his patient is having difficulty A. Swallowing thin liquids. C. Reacting to quick moving objects. B. Walking in a coordinated manner. D. All three statements are correct."

b

"23. Which is a correct statement about ion channels? A. Small, hydrophobic ions do not require these channels. B. A calcium ion cannot use a sodium channel C. Both statements are correct. D. Neither statement is correct."

b

"23. Which is a correct statement about the autonomic nervous system? A. When activated, acetylcholine is always released by its postganglionic neurons. B. Its ganglia are clusters of cell bodies located in the peripheral nervous system area. C. Both statements are correct. D. Neither statement is correct."

b

"27. Which is a correct statement about homeostasis? A. It is also sometimes referred to as dynamic stability B. Not all stimuli lead to a compensatory response C. both statements are correct d. neither statement is correct"

b

"27. Which is a correct statement about the nervous system? A. Interneurons will sometimes have their dendrites in the PNS. B. Communication between two neurons is sometimes unidirectional. C. A single neuron can participate in only one synapse at any time. D. All three statements are correct."

b

"29. Which is a correct statement about myelination? A. It is a cellular structure of a neuron. B. For a 5-centimeter section of axon, more Schwann cells than oligodendrocytes would be required. C. Both statements are correct. D. Neither statement is correct."

b

"3. Dr. Yul B Allwright has newly identified ligand that he has observed move from the mid-sized to largest fluid compartments without assistance. Dr. Allwright correctly realizes this new ligand A. Might be nonpolar. B. Will impact transcription C. Will have its transduction pathway down regulated by the endocytosis of its receptor. D. Will not bind to an amphipathic protein."

b

"3. This week, the red blood cell travels past a pair of neurons. While passing them, the BC notices that the postganglionic neuron's axon is longer than the preganglionic neuron's axon. Therefore, the RB correctly stated that this neuron pair is a part of the ___ nervous system within the ___ nervous system. A. Parasympathetic - peripheral B. Sympathetic - autonomic C. Autonomic - central D. Autonomic - afferent"

b

"5. At a family cookout last summer, Phys Phab Caroline enjoyed a grilled hot dog. She had to laugh to herself when she looked at her hotdog in its bun (bread around tube of meat) because it made her correctly think of ___ that covers axons in the ___ nervous system. A. Oligodendrocytes - peripheral C. Oligodendrocytes - central B. Schwann cells - peripheral D. Schwann cells - central"

b

"7. Brutus Buckeye regularly eats breakfast at 0700. consequently, the Beta cells of his pancreas releases insulin around 0630 to limit the rise of his blood glucose. He correctly realizes that utilization if the reflex template at 0630 involves the a. afferent pathway b. effector c. stimulus d. integrating center"

b

"7. Dr. Scarlet observes that Patient X is unable to send signals to the central nervous system. Consequently, Dr. Scarlet correctlv determines that the cause might be due to A. An agonist present in Patient X's second largest fluid compartment. B. Damage having occurred to Patient X's afferent neurons' peripheral axon terminals. C. Damage having occurred to Patient X's interneurons' axon terminals. D. A lack of neurotransmitters available for release from the mid-sized category of neuron."

b

"7. Which is a correct statement about action potentials? A. A cell reaching threshold potential will always experience an action potential B. Their amplitude is independent of the strength of the triggering stimulus. C. They can occur within a myelinated section of an axon D. They usually have the sodium channels open before the potassium channels."

b

"9. Which is a correct statement about the parasympathetic nervous system? A. When activated, its preganglionic neurons sometimes release acetylcholine. B. When activated, its postganglionic neurons never release epinephrine. C. It is also known as the ""flight-or-fight"" response. D. There is always only one neuron involved in this system."

b

"As a homework assignment for his Physiology Lab, Brutus Buckeye created 2L of a solution containing 3 mol Ca2, 1 mol HCI, 2 mol MgCl2, and 3 mol NADH. His Phys Lab TA correctly measured the turned-in solution's osmolarity as A. 14 osm B. 7 osm C. 9 osm D. 4.5 osm"

b

"Dr. Scarlet's Patient X has frequent joint dislocations, overly stretchy skin and thin blood vessels due to her connective tissue and surrounding proteins being too flexible. Dr. Scarlet correctly realizes that these symptoms are due to Patient X creating a defective form of a protein that holds cells together. This protein is A. Elastin, now rope-like instead of rubberband-like B. Collagen, now rubberband-like instead of rope-like. C. Fibronectin, now too rope-like. D. Fibrostin, now too rubberband-like."

b

"Dr. Scarlet's Patient X is currently battling a viral infection. Consequently, she correctly realizes that Patient X's water production in the ___ will be ___ as compared to before having this infection. A. Cytosol - decreased C. Cvtosol - increased B. Mitochondria - decreased D. Mitochondria - increased"

b

"During a very vivid and physiologically accurate dream, Phys Phab Grant finds himself walking on the surface of a cell and he is surrounded by tree- or bush-like structures. He correctly states that these structures A. Would be clear in a picture of himself taken via a microscope. B. Would be helpful with the the identification of this cell. C. Will not limit the growth of this cell. D. Are an extracellular component."

b

"During this week's ""body cell mixer"" (all guests from the same body), a new guest arrived that was not actually a cell. An enterocyte (found in the intestines) determined that this new guest was a superoxide anion. Consequently, the enterocyte correctly realized that A. This new guest must have been made intentionally by the immune system. B This new guest is an oxidant. C. Both statements are correct. D. Neither statement is correct."

b

"For the cellular junctions, ___ and ___ can be combined because they both ___ unlike ___ which do not. A. Desmosomes - tight junctions - allow mid-sized fluid compartment flow - gap junctions B. Desmosomes - tight junctions - prevent flow of the largest fluid compartment - gap junctions C. Gap junctions - tight junctions - are formed by integral proteins - desmosomes D. Tight junctions - desmosomes - force transcellular transport - gap junctions"

b

"Phys Phab Dustin left his apartment without a coat on a 12 degree morning. His body temperature dropped quickly. Fortunately, he was able to correctly state that a. his body is quickly working to return to equilibrium b. At least one of his body systems will no longer be receiving as much energy c. his body will start doing positive feedback to increase his body temperature d. he will be doing our critical equations #3 more in its reverse"

b

"Which chatting about diffusion with another Phys Phab, Phys Phab Yushin correctly created the analogy that if 100 Independence was considered to be a cell and the students were solutes, then A. The many doors might be considered to be voltage-gated transporters. B. After a lecture ends, the students would be following their concentration gradient to leave, C. Both statements are correct. D. Neither statement is correct."

b

"Which is a correct statement about diffusion across the plasma membrane? A. Calcium entry could occur via mechanically-gated transporters. B. When there is more sodium outside of the cell, the sodium will sometimes diffuse into the cell. C. It requires a product of substrate level phosphorylation to occur. D. It will always occur for small, nonpolar compounds like oxygen."

b

"Which is a correct statement about diffusion and osmosis? A. Unlike diffusion, osmosis moves solutes towards the higher osmolarity. B. Water moves based on both osmosis and diffusion. C. Only diffusion will cause gradients to decrease. D. All three statements are correct"

b

"Which is a correct statement about osmotic pressure? A. It requires at least one nonpenetrating solute and an impermeable membrane. B. A higher osmotic difference will result in a higher osmotic pressure. C. Both statements are correct. D Neither statement is correct."

b

"Which is a correct statement about our Figure 3 showing biorhythms? A. Cortisol has a nocturnal period that is highest in the early morning. B. The urinary potassium level has a shorter amplitude length than body temp C. Both statements are correct. D. Neither statement is correct"

b

"Which is a correct statement about oxidative phosphorvlation? A. It occurs in all cells of the body. B. It is not the process by which the citric acid cycles turns pyruvate into ATPs. C. Both statements are correct. D. Neither statement is correct."

b

"Which is a correct statement about the Kreb Cycle? A. It can function without oxygen. C. It consists of eight embryonic reactions. B. It can occur without glycolysis. D. It makes ATP differently from glycolysis."

b

EXAM 2: JAN "For the indirect intercellular communicators, ___ and ___ can be combined because they both ___ unlike ___ which do not. A. Paracrines - endocrines - only travel short distances - neurotransmitters B. Endocrines - neurotransmitters - can only be used by limited cell types - paracrines C. Paracrines - neurotransmitters - utilize the smallest fluid compartment - endocrines D. Paracrines - endocrines - can used by only one cell type - neurotransmitters"

b

" 17. Carmen just ate breakfast. In considering the carbohydrate compounds now in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Carmen correctly realizes that A. Glucose might be entering the epithelial cells via glucose transporters (GLUTs). B. The active transporters will never have both compounds moving with their gradients. C. The sodium-potassium-ATPase pumps will be critical to the glucose entering the epithelial cells. D. Countertransporters will be transporting the glucose into the epithelial cells."

c

"11. While talking about this week's material in the Party Room with Phys Phab Keenan, a student correctly tells him that to increase communication in the nervous system, ___ should be increased. A. Interstitial calcium availability C. Intracellular neurotransmitter availability B. Graded potential D. Intracellular receptor availability"

c

"15. Patient X presents with a very painful leg wound. Their natural pain suppression pathway is not being sufficiently activated. Consequently, for this pathway, Dr. Gray should prescribe an ___ that has a higher ___ than the ligand not being sufficiently produced for this pain suppression pathway. A. Antagonist - affinity B. Agonist - specificity C. Agonist - affinity D. Antagonist - specificity"

c

"17. which is a correct statement about biorhythms? a. they allow us to use less energy to maintain set range than negative feedback alone b. they are an example of positive feedforward mechanisms c. the are adaptations that set up increased survival liklihood. d. they have their parameters steady state determination set by the environment. "

c

"19. This week, the red blood cell travels past a neuron. During this passing, both cells experience a depolarization event. During this event, the RBC correctly stated that A. Both of them had an increased chance of having an action potential occur. B. Only the neuron will experience a graded potential. C. Both of them might be experiencing an influx of a cation like sodium. D. All three statements are correct."

c

"21. Ligand A binds to a cell and there is a physiological change in that cell. Therefore, you correctly know that A. Ligand A must have changed the proliferation rate. B. Ligand A attached itself to an integral and transmembrane protein. C. Both statements are correct. D. Neither statement is correct."

c

"21. Which is a correct statement about diffusion and osmosis? A. Unlike diffusion, osmosis moves solutes towards the higher osmolarity. B. Water moves based only on osmosis which is basically the opposite of diffusion. C. Both will cause gradients to decrease. D. All three statements are correct"

c

"21. Which is a correct statement about myelin? A. It makes graded potentials last longer. B. It always has a fixed length. C. Both statements are correct. D. Neither statement is correct."

c

"21. Which is a correct statement about our Critical Equations? A. Of the total of four of them, only one deals with energy. B. Our #3 is reversible and can have dicarbonal as a product. C. Our #2 always has water as a product. D. All three statements are correct about our Critical Equations."

c

"23. Which is a correct statement about the autonomic nervous system? A. When activated, acetylcholine is sometimes released by its postganglionic neurons. B. Its ganglia are clusters of cell bodies located in the peripheral nervous system area. C. Both statements are correct. D. Neither statement is correct."

c

"23. While at this week's Body Cell Mixer, a pancreatic beta cell meets a neuron who states that it participates in the top half of the Reflex Template. Consequently, the pancreatic beta cell correctly knows that it's new neuron friend A. Will not be myelinated by oligodendrocytes. B. Will have its central axon terminal in the CNS. C. Both statements are correct. D. Neither statement is correct."

c

"25. An increase in ATP production could subsequently cause the individual to have A. Decreasing blood pH. B. Decreasing numbers of H+ C. Increasing heat levels. D. All three statements are correct"

c

"25. In its typical travel, the red blood cell this week encounters a complex involving a ligand and an amphipathic protein. The RB correctly realizes that currently A. This ligand is a lipophilic endocrine. C. Both statements are correct. B. This complex is not moving due to diffusion. D. Neither statement is correct."

c

"27. During this week's ""body cell mixer"" (all guests from the same body), a new guest arrived that was not actually a cell. An enterocyte (found in the intestines) determined that this new guest was a superoxide anion. Consequently, the enterocyte correctly realized that A. This new guest could have been made intentionally by the immune system. B This new guest is an oxidant. C. Both statements are correct. D. Neither statement is correct."

c

"29. Dr. Scarlet's Patient X suffered a head injury in a car accident. Patient X is having trouble walking in a coordinated manner and difficulty forming complete sentences. Dr. Scarlet correctly realizes that A. There is likely damage to the cerebellum and the cerebrum. B. A component of the forebrain was impacted. C. Both statements are correct. D. Neither statement is correct."

c

"29. Which is a correct statement about osmotic pressure? A. It requires at least one nonpenetrating solute and an immobile membrane. B. A higher osmotic difference will result in a higher osmotic pressure. C. Both statements are correct. D Neither statement is correct."

c

"3. While explaining their favorite physio topic in the Party Room, UGTA Eliane gets very excited about the topic, causing all the students in the room to also become excited about this topic. Consequently, Eliane could be considered to be acting as a(n) ___ stimulus and sending ___ signals to the students. A. Stimulatory - hyperpolarizing C. Stimulatory - depolarizing B. Inhibitory - hyperpolarizing D. Inhibitory - depolarizing"

c

"5. A hyperpolarizing stimulus and a depolarizing stimulus of identical magnitudes (i.e., absolute amounts) simultaneously impact a postsynaptic cell. Consequently, the postsynaptic cell will A. Be closer to a threshold potential. C. Not become depolarized. B. Change from resting potential. D. Be experiencing temporal summation."

c

"7. Dr. Gray's Patient Y was born with all of his preganglionic axons being of identical length. Consequently, Dr. Gray correctly knows that Patient Y has sympathetic preganglionic neurons ___ activating parasympathetic postganglionic neurons. A. Never B. Always C. Sometimes D. Not possible to observe"

c

"7. Which is a correct statement about action potentials? A. A cell reaching threshold potential will always experience an action potential B. Their amplitude is dependent on the strength of the triggering stimulus. C. They do not occur within a myelinated section of an axon D. They usually have the sodium channels open before the potassium channels."

c

"9. Which is a correct statement about the parasympathetic nervous system? A. When activated, its preganglionic neurons sometimes release acetylcholine. B. When activated, its postganglionic neurons sometimes release epinephrine. C. It is also known as the ""rest-and-regroup"" response. D. There is always only one neuron involved in this system."

c

"Cells remove integral proteins from the plasma membrane via ___. If this process happens more than ___ then the cell will become ___. A. Endocytosis - exocytosis - bigger B. Exocytosis - endocytosis - bigger C. Endocytosis - exocytosis - smaller D. Exocytosis - endoeytosis - smaller"

c

"Dr. Scarlet has been researching the Zika virus which has limited consequences for pregnant females but causes their babies to be born with atypically small brains and skulls. consequently, Dr. Scarlet correctly states the zika virus is an example of a. negative feedback b. feedforward c. developmental acclimatization d. positive feedforward"

c

"Dr. Yul B Allwright is a new physiology professor. He noticed on his first day that his laboratory space was quite chilly. On his second day , he brought a sweatshirt to wear while in lab. He correctly realized that, by bringing the sweatshirt on hhis second day, he was performing a. positive feedback b. negative feedback c. feedforward d. positive feedforward "

c

"Dr. Yul B Allwright is writing a review article about intercellular communication. He correctly stated that A. All cells involved in intercellular communication have the same proteome. B. Two indirect methods utilize the largest fluid compartment to reach the receiving cell. C. Chemical messengers are utilized in both indirect and direct intercellular communication. D. All three statements are correct about intercellular communication."

c

"During this week's ""body cell mixer"" (all guests from the same body), two cells started comparing their most typical type of channel. Cell 1's channel always allowed a compound to move through it. Cell 2's channel only allowed a compound to move through it after something binds to the channel. Therefore, they correctly realize that Cell 1's channel and Cell 2's channel A. Is a ligand-gated channel - is a gated channel B. Might be a leak channel - cannot be a leak channel C. Allows small, hydrophilic compounds to move - allows small, lipophobic compounds to move D. Does not require our Equation #1 - requires our Equation #1"

c

"For the indirect intercellular communicators, __ and ___ can be combined because they both ___ unlike ___ which do not. A. Paracrines - endocrines - only travel short distances - neurotransmitters B. Endocrines - neurotransmitters - can only have neurons release them - paracrines C. Paracrines - neurotransmitters - utilize the mid-sized fluid compartment - endocrines D. Paracrines - endocrines - can used by only one cell type - neurotransmitters"

c

"In the plasma membrane of a cell, two phospholipids ___ next to each other and ___ be associated with ___ fluid compartment(s). A. Should regularly stay - could each - different B. Should regularly stay - will always - the same C. Might only sometimes be - could each - different D. Might only sometimes be - will always - the same"

c

"To celebrate acing this exam, you head over to Brennen's Café where you order a latte (coffee drink with milk and sugar) and a bacon and egg bagel sandwich. While eating and drinking, you correctly realize that A. Both your drink and sandwich will allow you to do substrate level phosphorylation. B. Your sandwich contains compounds that can be used in the tricarboxylic acid cycle. C. Both statements are correct. D. Neither statement is correct."

c

"Water will flow from ___ to ___ through a(n) ___. A. Low - high concentration - aquaporin C. Low - high osmolarity - aquaporin B. High - low osmolarity - ligand-gated channel D. High - low concentration - ligand-gated channel"

c

"Which chatting about diffusion with another Phys Phab, Phys Phab Yushin correctly created the analogy that if 100 Independence was considered to be a cell and the students were solutes, then A. The many doors might be considered to be voltage-gated channels. B. After a lecture ends, the students would be following their concentration gradient to leave, C. Both statements are correct. D. Neither statement is correct."

c

"Which is a correct statement about diffusion across the plasma membrane? A. Calcium entry could occur via mechanically-gated transporters. B. When there is more sodium outside of the cell, the sodium will always diffuse into the cell. C. It does not require a product of substrate level phosphorylation to occur. D. It will always occur for small, nonpolar compounds like oxygen."

c

"Which is a correct statement about free radicals? A. They have only one electron in their inner orbit B. They are ingested but not produced by our bodies. C. They are sometimes detrimental to our body cells. D. Antioxidants like nitric oxide can eliminate them."

c

"Which is a correct statement about homeostasis? A. It is also sometimes referred to as dynamic constancy B. Not all stimuli lead to a compensatory response C. both statements are correct d. neither statement is correct"

c

"Which is a correct statement about intercellular communication? A. There are three distinctly different forms that all require physical contact. B. Tunneling nanotubes allow for the transport of larger compounds than gap junctions. C. Both statements are correct. D. Neither statement is correct."

c

"Which is a correct statement about noncovalent bonding? A. Ionic compounds will hold together within the smallest fluid compartment. B. Due to their bond formation, nonpolar compounds do not have partial charges. C. Hydrogen bonding is weak but allows for cohesion. D. All three statements are correct about noncovalent bonding."

c

"Which is a correct statement about the cellular metabolic pathways? A. Oxidative phosphorylation makes less ATPs than substrate level phosphorylation when anaerobic. B. Red blood cells can do substrate level phosphorylation. C. Both statements are correct. D. Neither statement is correct."

c

"Which is a correct statement about the fluid compartments? A. Endocrines travel via the mid-sized one B. Gap junctions allow the mid-sized one to flow within them. C. Lipophobic compounds have no issues being in any of the three compartments. D. If all capillary walls were eliminated, the distinction of the ""largest compartment would change."

c

"Which is a correct statement about the organizationof the body? A. There are four primary types of cells and four primary types of organs. B. A functional unit is the smallest per of a cell that still performs the cells basic function. C. Organ systems often overlap. D. Some organs can be missing the primary type of connective cells. "

c

"Which is a correct statement about the plasma membrane? A. It never requires energy input from our cells to create. B. It typically does help determine the movement of the cell. C. Both statements are correct. D. Neither statement is correct."

c

EXAM 3: DEC "1. Compound A is a cation. Therefore, it will _ diffuse towards the area with a lower [A]. A. Never B. Always C. Sometimes D. Answer cannot be determined based on the information provided."

c

Exam 2: DEC "19. Phys Phab Rita wore her Scarlet and Gray to a party only to find that it was also being attended by some ichigan students in their Maize and Blue. Needless to say there was not much mixing occurring. Consequently, Rita correctly realized that A. The two groups of students were like polar and hydrophobic compounds. B. An amphipathic Student would be wearing Scarlet and Blue. C. Both statements are correct. D. Neither statement is correct."

c

" 17. Carmen just ate breakfast. In considering the carbohydrate compounds now in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Carmen correctly realizes that A. Glucose might be entering the epithelial cells via glucose transporters (GLUTs). B. The active transporters will never have both compounds moving with their gradients. C. The sodium-potassium-ATPase pumps will not be critical to the glucose entering the epithelial cells. D. Cotransporters will be transporting the glucose into the epithelial cells."

d

" 27. Dr. Yul B Allwright's Patient X has been impacted by a toxin that has changed every paracrine into having the identical affinity for all receptors Dr. Allwright correctly realizes that Patient X will A. Not have any paracrines that now have a different charge than before. B. Have paracrine-based forms of direct intercellular communication be disrupted. C. Both statements are correct. D. Neither statement is correct."

d

" After last week's visit to the heart, the red blood cell this week finds itself in a location that has less non-penetrating solutes than the BC has within itself. Therefore, the RBC correctly realizes that it will ___ because it is ___ relative to this new environment. A. Shrink - hypotonic B. Shrink - hypertonic C. Swell - hypotonic D. Swell - hypertonic"

d

"1. Brutus Buckeye found a pathogen that causes all sodium and potassium channels to be fixed/set in the open conformation. Consequently, he correctly realized that if this pathogen was introduced to a resting cell, ___ will definitely enter the cell but ___'s direction of movement would not immediately be known. A. Water - sodium C. Potassium - sodium B. Potassium - water D. Sodium - potassium"

d

"1. Our ___ receptor design is the ___ design and is ___ the most used in our sensory system. A. First - slower- not B. Second - faster - not C. First - faster- often D. Second - slower- often"

d

"11. Interneurons are ___ associated with oligodendrocytes and afferent neurons use their ___ to gather ___ information. A. Mostlv - dendrites C. Always - dendrites B. Mostlv - axon terminal D. Always - axon terminal"

d

"11. Which is a correct statement based on a single cycle of the primary active transporter example we discussed in lecture? A. When ATP is catabolized, the transporter moves to being open to the largest fluid compartment. B. The energy of two ATPs is required to complete this single cycle. C. The sodium is the driving ion for the potassium D. More sodium than potassium is transported."

d

"13. Brutus Buckeye was visiting another mascot who has recently had a stroke (loss of blood flow leading to the death of neurons). He noticed that his friend was experiencing difficulties with speaking and remembering their last game together. Consequently, Brutus correctly realized that the stroke likely occurred in the A. Cerebellum B. Cerebellar cortex C. Midbrain D. Cannot be determined"

d

"13. Neurons A and B are both at rest and have threshold potentials of -50 mV. After each experiences a graded potential, Neuron A has a membrane potential of -30 m V while Neuron B's membrane potential is -60 mV. Consequently, Neuron A is ___ experiencing an action potential and Neuron B ___ experienced an IPSP. A. Likely - could have B. Likely - could not have C. Not - could have D. Not - could not have"

d

"15. Phys Phab Dustin left his apartment without a coat on a 12 degree morning. His body temperature dropped quickly. Fortunately, he was able to correctly state that a. his body is quickly working to return to equilibrium b. At least one of his body systems will still be receiving as much energy c. his body will start doing positive feedback to increase his body temperature d. he will be doing our critical equations #2 more in its forward direction"

d

"15. Which is a correct statement about neurotransmitters? A. In lecture, we learned about an individual one and then two groups of them. B. Some amino acids can cause hyperpolarizations in the presynaptic cell. C. The most common neurotransmitter impacts mood. D. Neuropeptides are sometimes found in the smallest fluid compartment."

d

"17. Brutus Buckeye has been told that his neurons have shorter than typical myelin coverings. Therefore, Brutus correctly realizes that, compared to a typical individual, his neurons A. Will have less nodes of Ranvier. B. Will have an increased conduction velocity. C. Must be located in the peripheral nervous system.r D. Are actually typical neurons."

d

"17. Which is a correct statement about the brain? A. The hypothalamus acts as a relay station for crude sensation. B. The pons is a part of the most recent portion of the brain. C. Unlike in the spinal cord, the gray matter of the cerebral cortex contains interneurons' cell bodies D The vast majority of the weight of the brain is within the forebrain."

d

"17. which is a correct statement about biorhythms? a. they allow us to use less energy to maintain set range than negative feedback alone b. they are an example of positive feedforward mechanisms c. the are acclimatizations that set up increased genetic changes. d. they have their parameters steady state determination set by an internal clock. "

d

"19. This week, the red blood cell travels past a neuron. During this passing, both cells experience a depolarization event. During this event, the RBC correctly stated that A. Only the neuron had an increased chance of having an action potential occur. B. Both of them will experience a graded potential. C. Both of them might be experiencing an influx of a cation like sodium. D. All three statements are correct."

d

"19. Which chatting about diffusion with another Phys Phab, Phys Phab Yushin correctly created the analogy that if 100 Independence was considered to be a cell and the students were solutes, then A. The many doors might be considered to be voltage-gated transporters. B. After a lecture ends, the students would not be following their concentration gradient to leave, C. Both statements are correct. D. Neither statement is correct."

d

"19. Which is a correct statement about neurons? A. Dendrites increase permeability because of their increased surface area. B. They are typically the same size as an epithelial cell. C. Both statements are correct. D. Neither statement is correct."

d

"19. While hiking downstate in the Hocking Hills, Phys Phab Nick encounters a mother bear and her two cubs. Consequently, Nick correctly realizes that A. Epinephrine will now be present in all three of his fluid compartments. B. His adrenal medulla will be releasing norepinephrine into his plasma. C. Acetylcholine will be getting released only by his pretganglionic neurons with short axons. D. All three statements are correct."

d

"21. Ligand A binds to a cell and there is a physiological change in that cell. Therefore, you correctly know that A. Ligand A must have changed the proliferation rate. B. Ligand A attached itself to an integral but not transmembrane protein. C. Both statements are correct. D. Neither statement is correct."

d

"21. Which is a correct statement about a toxin that causes a decrease in the coding of intensity? A. It could cause a decrease in action potential amplitude. B. It could decrease the amount of time that the ligand-gated calcium channels are open in the axon terminal. C. Both statements are correct. D. Neither statement is correct."

d

"21. Which is a correct statement about myelin? A. It makes action potentials last longer. B. It always is just longer than the neuron's cell body width. C. Both statements are correct. D. Neither statement is correct."

d

"25. Dr. Gray's patient has neuropathy which is caused by impacted peripheral neurons and leads to numbness or pain in the impacted limbs. Consequently, Dr. Gray correctly realizes that this neuropathy is caused by A. A loss of oligodendrocytes, then the saltatory conduction would be impacted. B.An antagonist present for the sodium channels, then action potentials will not properly be propagated. C. Both statements are correct. D. Neither statement is correct."

d

"25. Dr. Yul B Allwright is Writing a review article about intercellular communication. He correctly stated that A. All cells involved in intercellular communication have the same genome. B. Two indirect methods utilize the largest fluid compartment to reach the receiving cell. C. Chemical messengers are utilized in indirect but not direct intercellular communication D. All three statements are correct about intercellular communication."

d

"25. To celebrate acing this exam, you head over to Brennen's Café where you order a latte (coffee drink with milk and sugar) and a bacon and egg bagel sandwich. While eating and drinking, you correctly realize that A. Only your drink and sandwich will allow you to do substrate level phosphorylation. B. Your sandwich does not contain compounds that can be used in the tricarboxylic acid cycle. C. Both statements are correct. D. Neither statement is correct."

d

"27. A pheochromocytoma is a tumor that causes the adrenal gland to secrete too many endocrines. You correctly determine that an individual with this type of tumor will have A. Increased plasma levels of certain amino acids. B. Persistent pupil but not bronchiole dilation. C. Both statements are correct. D. Neither statement is correct."

d

"27. Dr. Scarlet has extracted a properly functioning cell from her Patient X's spinal cord. Via experiments, she determines that this cell is unable to experience action potentials. Consequently, she correctly expects that this cell A. Will not be able to experience graded potentials.@) Both statements are correct. B. Will not have a membrane potential. D. Neither statement is correct."

d

"27. Which is a correct statement about the cellular metabolic pathways? A. Oxidative phosphorylation makes less ATPs than substrate level phosphorylation when aerobic. B. Red blood cells can do oxidative phosphorylation. C. Both statements are correct. D. Neither statement is correct."

d

"29. Which is a correct statement about how to decrease the amplitude of an action potential? A. Have an antagonist for the voltage-gated sodium channels be present. B. Hyperpolarize the postsynaptic neuron. C. Both statements are correct. D. Neither statement is correct."

d

"29. Which is a correct statement about myelination? A. It is a cellular structure of a neuron. B. For a 5-centimeter section of axon, more oligodendrocytes than Schwann cells would be required. C. Both statements are correct. D. Neither statement is correct."

d

"29. Which is a correct statement about osmotic pressure? A. It requires at least one nonpenetrating solute and an impermeable membrane. B. A higher osmotic difference will result in a lower osmotic pressure. C. Both statements are correct. D Neither statement is correct."

d

"29. Which is a correct statement about oxidative phosphorvlation? A. It occurs in all cells of the body. B. It is the process by which the citric acid cycles turns pyruvate into ATPs. C. Both statements are correct. D. Neither statement is correct."

d

"3. Dr. Yul B Allwright has newly identified ligand that he has observed move from the mid-sized to largest fluid compartments without assistance. Dr. Allwright correctly realizes this new ligand A. Might be nonpolar. B. Might immediately allow an ion to enter the cell. C. Will have its transduction pathway down regulated by the endocytosis of its receptor. D. Will bind to an amphipathic protein."

d

"5. A hyperpolarizing stimulus and a depolarizing stimulus of identical magnitudes (i.e., absolute amounts) simultaneously impact a postsynaptic cell. Consequently, the postsynaptic cell will A. Be closer to a threshold potential. C. Likely become depolarized. B. Change from resting potential. D. Be experiencing spatial summation."

d

"7. Dr. Scarlet observes that Patient X is unable to send signals to the central nervous system. Consequently, Dr. Scarlet correctlv determines that the cause might be due to A. An agonist present in Patient X's second largest fluid compartment. B. Damage having occurred to Patient X's afferent neurons' dendrites. C. Damage having occurred to Patient X's interneurons' axon terminals. D. A lack of neurotransmitters available for release from the smallest category of neuron."

d

"7. Which is a correct statement about facilitated diffusion? A. It cannot be saturated. C. It will rarely decrease a concentration gradient. B. It occurs via channels. D. It always requires binding of the transportee. "

d

"9. Which is a correct statement about a graded potential? A. The magnitude of it is independent of the size of the stimulus. B. It could be categorized as a hyperpolarization. C. If categorized as a depolarization, it will be moving toward the cell's steady state. D, It could be observed in any cell."

d

"A red blood cell saw a muscle cell through a thin capillary wall but was carried off in the plasma before getting to introduce itself. In thinking about that muscle cell, the red blood cell correctly realized that A. They are members of the same primary type of cells B. they have different genomes. C. They both have the same lipodome. D. It's movement away from the muscle cell is like that of an endocrine and based on diffusion."

d

"Brutus Buckeye regularly eats breakfast at 0700. consequently, the Beta cells of his pancreas releases insulin around 0630 to limit the rise of his blood glucose. He correctly realizes that utilization if the reflex template at 0630 involves the a. afferent pathway b. sensor c. stimulus d. integrating center"

d

"Carmen was reviewing the critical equations and correctly realized that our critical equation #3 would be utilized to determine a. how energy is produced b. the change in blood volume with pressure c. the amount of ATP produced per glucose used d. the acidity of a blood vessel near the lungs"

d

"Dr. Yul B Allwright has developed a toxin that limits cell growth. He correctly realizes that individuals given this toxin could have A. The actions of their intracellular matrix impacted. B. The parts of their glycocalyx connected to cholesterol be lengthened. C. Both statements are correct. D. Neither statement is correct."

d

"Dr. Yul B Allwright is Writing a review article about intercellular communication. He correctly stated that A. All cells involved in intercellular communication have the same genome. B. No indirect methods utilize the largest fluid compartment to reach the receiving cell. C. Chemical messengers are utilized in both indirect and direct intercellular communication D. All three statements are correct about intercellular communication."

d

"During a very vivid and physiologically accurate dream, Phys Phab Grant finds himself walking on the surface of a cell and he is surrounded by tree- or bush-like structures. He correctly states that these structures A. Would be clear in a picture of himself taken via a microscope. B. Would be helpful with the transfer of compounds into and out of this cell. C. Will not limit the growth of this cell. D. Are not an extracellular component."

d

"During this week's ""body cell mixer"" (all guests from the same body), two cells started comparing their most typical type of channel. Cell 1's channel always allowed a compound to move through it. Cell 2's channel only allowed a compound to move through it after something binds to the channel. Therefore, they correctly realize that Cell 1's channel and Cell 2's channel A. Is a ligand-gated channel - is a gated channel B. Might be a leak channel - cannot be a leak channel C. Allows small, hydrophilic compounds to move - allows small, lipophilic compounds to move D. Does not require our Equation #1 - does not require our Equation #1"

d

"In her Physiology Lab, Phys Phab Anne Marie observes how a set of cells react to large, unwanted particles. The cells begin by bringing these particles into themselves for destruction. Which is a correct statement about this destruction process? A. It will directly cause an increase in the rate of the forward/rightward direction of our Equation #1 B. These cells must have cholesterol in their plasma membranes. C. It will cause these cells to decrease in size. D. All three statements are correct."

d

"Phys Phab Rita wore her Scarlet and Gray to a party only to find that it was also being attended by some ichigan students in their Maize and Blue. Needless to say there was not much mixing occurring. Consequently, Rita correctly realized that A. The two groups of students were like polar and hydrophilic compounds. B. A lipophobic student would be wearing Scarlet and Blue. C. Both statements are correct. D Neither statement is correct."

d

"The sodium-glucose transporter (SGLT) is a type of ___ and is ___ ATP. A. Facilitated diffusion - independent of C. Facilitated diffusion - dependent on B. Active transport - independent of D. Active transport - dependent on"

d

"Which is a correct statement about carrier-mediated transport? A. Active transport always needs energy input. B. The primary active transporter example from lecture is not a cotransporter. C. ATP is not always required along with conformation changes for transport to occur. D. All three statements are correct"

d

"Which is a correct statement about cells? A. All somatic cells are created via meiosis B. The majority of the cells in our body are in the primary type of muscle. C. Both statements are correct. D. Neither statement is correct."

d

"Which is a correct statement about ion channels? A. Small, hydrophobic ions do not require these channels. B. A calcium ion can sometimes use a sodium channel C. Both statements are correct. D. Neither statement is correct."

d

"Which is a correct statement about the Kreb Cycle? A. It can function without oxygen. C. It consists of eight embryonic reactions. B. It cannot occur without glycolysis. D. It makes ATP identically to glycolysis."

d

"Which is a correct statement about the levels of learning in Bloom's taxonomy? a. paraphrasing is one of the two highest levels b. differentiating is not a demonstration of Applying c. you will not be required to judge on your weekly exams d. memorizing and classifying are demonstrations of the lowest level of learning. "

d

"Which is a correct statement about the organization of the body? A. There are four primary types of cells and four primary types of organs. B. A functional unit is the smallest part of a cell that still performs the cell's basic function C. Organs often overlap. D. Some organs can be missing the primary type of epithelial cells."

d

"While watching the door for this week's Body Cell Mixer, you first observe two cells joining the gathering while five cells leave the party. You then observe three cells joining the gathering while bringing another cell along with them. You correctly realize that you can consider these observations to be like the group of A. Five cells participating in cotransport. B. Three cells being driving ions for primary active transport. C. Both statements are correct. D. Neither statement is correct."

d

"With football season over, Brutus Buckeye visited his esthetician (skin care professional). To help regain his youthful, nutty appearance, he received some injections that contained predominantly ___ proteins which normally his ___ would be making. A. Carbohydrate-based - matrixocytes B. Collagen - matrixocytes C. Fibronectin - fibroblasts D. Elastin - fibroblasts"

d