Midterm 1 Geography

What is the correct order of ecosystems in altitudinal zonation, starting at lowest elevation and going to highest elevation?

(1) tierra caliente; (2) tierra templada; (3) tierra fria; (4) tierra helada

What percent of the world's power is generated from renewable sources? 5% 3% 20% 11% 7%

11%

What percentage of Earth's water is freshwater? 3% 20% 40% 75% 97%

3%

Computer models predict that average global temperatures will increase ________ by 2020.

3.6 F

The UN reports that how many children die each day from unsafe water and lack of basic sanitation? 40000 4000 400 10000 100

4000

What percent of the world's total species could be extinct by 2050?

50%

What percentage of Earth's freshwater is locked up in polar ice caps? 3% 97% 30% 70% 20%

70%

Which nation was NOT part of the former Yugoslavia?

Albania

Which nation in South America lost a war with Great Britain in the 1980s over a territorial dispute surrounding the Falkland Islands?

Argentina

Which set of nations is landlocked?

Austria, Switzerland and Hungary

Which of the following languages is NOT Germanic? - English - Swedish - Danish - Basque - Norweigian

Basque

The rate of deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon has increased since 2000. Why?

Because of growth of corporate farms and development of new roads and dams

The most densely populated region of Europe tends to be_____

Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxembourg

In which nation(s) of Europe do Muslims comprise a majority of the population?

Bosnia, Kosovo and Albania

What is the word for an array of nonaligned or friendly states that cushion or protect a larger country from invasion, as happened with the former Soviet Union and its Eastern European neighbors?

Buffer Zone

Which two Latin American countries are among the top ten oil producers in the world?

Mexico and Venezuela

Which nation has the highest RNI?

Nigeria

The most widely practiced religion in contemporary Europe is________

Roman Catholicism

Which nation narrowly voted in 2014 to remain a part of the United Kingdom?

Scotland

Which country of Europe is primarily located on the European Lowland?

The North European Plain covers Flanders (northern Belgium), the Netherlands, Northern Germany, Denmark, and most of Poland; it touches the Czech Republic and southwestern part of Sweden as well

Which of the following is NOT a traditional industrial region of Europe? Spanish-Portuguese borderlands Ruhr Valley of Germany English Midlands Upper Silesia of Poland Saar-Lorraine on the German-French border

Spanish-Portuguese borderlands

Which of the following European countries is NOT a member of the European Union? United Kingdom Switzerland Portugal Austria Denmark

Switzerland

Based on your readings about the Demographic Transition, which of the following nations would likely be in Stage 4 of the model?

U.S

Which of the following is NOT a future challenge facing Europe because of low (or zero) population growth?

Unemployment

Historically, what has been the policy of most countries regarding Indian languages in Latin America?

Until recently, many countries actively discouraged Indian languages.

The nation with the greatest percentage of global proven oil reserves is Iran Venezuela Canada Iraq Saudi Arabia

Venezuela

Urban primacy occurs when

a country has a city three to four times larger than any other city in the country. Submit

What is a nation-state?

a large group of people with shared sociocultural traits and a political identity with clear territorial boundaries

What is a mestizo?

a person of mixed European and Indian ancestry

What is a universalizing religion?

a religion that attempts to appeal to all peoples regardless of location or culture

What plan did Europe introduce in 2005 to help the region fight climate change?

an emission trading scheme

What was the Cold War?

an ideological struggle between the United States and the former Soviet Union that lasted from 1946-1991, and included Soviet occupation of several European countries

Which of the following was a major determinant of the early industrial regions of Europe?

availability of coal

What term describes the fragmented geopolitical processes involved with small-scale independence movements and the phenomenon of mini-nationalism as it develops along ethnic fault lines?

balkanization

Which of the following is NOT a member of the Indo-European language family?

chinese

The long-term average from daily measurements of precipitation and temperature is

climate

Economic cooperation in Western Europe at the end of World War II centered on what commodity (or commodities)?

coal and steel

The term "Third World" was originally a product of which of the following?

cold war

Which nation in Latin America remains the top producer of cocaine?

columbia

The Himalayas are a prime example of which feature?

convergent boundary

The Schengen Agreement, signed in 1985, meant that_________

crossing a European border required neither paperwork nor government approval.

The active promotion of one cultural system at the expense of another is called

cultural imperialism.

What are the major political trends in Latin America today?

democratically elected governments; open markets; and broader public participation in the political process Submit

Haiti's 2008 earthquake resulted in over 230,000 deaths whereas Japan's 2011 earthquake resulted in 20,000 deaths. What explains the differences in loss of life?

effectiveness of search and rescue operations and local building standards Submit

What phenomenon causes altitudinal zonation?

environmental lapse rate

Which statement best describes the middle position with respect to globalization?

globalization is inevitable but can be managed to reduce inequities

All of the following are arguments in favor of globalization, EXCEPT

globalization will lead to world peace.

The average number of children born to women in Latin America has been decreasing over the last two decades for all of the following reasons, EXCEPT

government-imposed financial penalties for large families.

With climate zone will have evergreen and deciduous forests?

humid continental

What are Colombia's FARC and ELN?

insurgency groups that are financed mainly by the Latin American drug trade

What is the word for a state policy of reclaiming lost lands or lands inhabited by people of the same ethnicity in another state?

irredentism

Population density in Latin America

is primarily concentrated along the Atlantic coastline and volcanic regions of the Andes, Mexico and Central America

Which nation is most associated with telenovelas?

mexico

A maritime climate is characterized by

mild summers and mild winters Submit

A system wherein peasants farm small plots of land for their own subsistence is referred to as

minifundia.

The world's pressure systems are responsible for

moving the world's wind and storm systems.

Most of the world's power is generated by

oil

Where would you most likely find a squatter settlement in a typical Latin American city?

on the peripheries of the city

The movement of air over a mountain range, causing it cool (and possibly rain) as it gains elevation is known as

orographic

Anthropogenic pollution is caused by

people

Which of the following products made its way to Europe as part of the Columbian Exchange?

potatoes

Neoliberalism focused on all of the following EXCEPT

protectionism, where high tariffs were placed on local goods to protect them from cheaper foreign imports

Social class in Latin America is closely tied to________

race

At Kyoto in 1997, what did the 30 Western industrialized countries legally agree to do?

reduce emissions of greenhouse gases to 1990 levels

In which stage(s) of the Demographic Transition are birthrates and death rates both high?

stage 1

Where are grasslands most likely to occur? tropical forests temperate forests tundra coniferous forests steppes

steppes

Which of the following jobs would be classified as part of the informal sector?

street vendor

In the Latin American city model, what land use is located along the "spine"?

superior services, roads, and transportation

Which of the following EU member states does NOT use the Euro as its national currency? Germany Sweden Italy Spain France

sweden

What does a total fertility rate of 2.1 indicate?

that a population is at its replacement rate

What event was an important cause of the surge of immigration to European countries such as Germany since the beginning of the 1990s?

the collapse of the Soviet Union

What is grassification?

the conversion of tropical forest into pasture

What is the major factor determining whether a particular Slavic language uses the Latin alphabet or the Cyrillic alphabet in its written form?

the dominant religion of the people who speak that language

Which European country divided into two in a peaceful "Velvet Divorce"?

Czechoslovakia

Which nation has an ambitious goal to meet half of its energy needs through wind power by 2020?

Denmark

What is the theory of plate tectonics?

Earth is made up of a large number of geological plates that move slowly across its surface.

Traditionally, in which region of Europe were environmental conditions the worst?

Eastern Europe

What is the second-most widely spoken Germanic language in Europe, with roughly 60 million speakers?

English

Which of the following places will have the greatest annual difference between summer and winter temperatures? Fargo, North Dakota (46°N, 96°W), located near the geographic center of North America Sacramento, California (38°N, 121°W), located eight miles from Pacific coast Orlando, Florida (28°N, 81°W), located sixty miles from the Atlantic coast Miami, Florida (25°N, 80°W), located on the Atlantic coast San Francisco, California (38°N, 120°W), located on the Pacific coast

Fargo, North Dakota (46°N, 96°W), located near the geographic center of North America

The European population is characterized by which stage of the demographic transition?

Fifth

Which country of Europe has a large Muslim migrant population?

France

Where do most immigrants to France come from?

France's former colonies in Africa

The nation often described as the economic engine which drives much of Europe is Germany France Switzerland Italy England

Germany

The charter members of the European Union were Germany, France and the United Kingdom Germany, Switzerland, Italy and the Netherlands Poland, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia Germany, France, Italy, Spain and Portugal Germany, France, Belgium, Luxembourg, Italy and the Netherlands

Germany, France, Belgium, Luxembourg, Italy and the Netherlands

The nation at the epicenter of the 2015 European Debt Crisis was

Greece

Which of the following languages is NOT a Romance (Latin-based) language? - Greek - Italian - Spanish - Romanian - French

Greek

Which nation does NOT speak a Slavic language? - Bulgaria - Poland - Serbia - Hungary - Czech

Hungary

Which two war-torn nations have produced an enormous number of migrants seeking asylum in Europe, most notably Germany, in recent years?

Iraq and Syria

What was the metaphorical name given to the policy of separation that divided Europe into two separate geopolitical and economic blocs after World War II?

Iron Curtain

The fastest growing nation currently in Europe is______

Kosovo

In what part of Europe is Protestantism the dominant religion?

Northern Germany

In which European country would you find fjords?

Norway

Which two nations have accepted the largest number of asylum seekers on a PER CAPITA (i.e. as a percent of their total population)?

Norway and Sweden

France depends on more than half of its energy supply from________

Nuclear Power

What European mountain range forms the political border between Spain and France?

Pyrenees

How do the authors of your text (Diversity Amid Globalization) define globalization? -the growing interconnectedness of people and places through converging processes of economic, political, and cultural change -the trend toward international trade agreements among the countries of the world -the growth of international and supranational organizations uniting the world's people -the spread of McDonald's throughout the world -the pattern of increasing telephone and Internet connections around the world

the growing interconnectedness of people and places through converging processes of economic, political, and cultural change

By what other name is The European Lowland known?

the north European Plain

What is dollarization?

the process by which a country in whole or in part adopts the U.S. dollar as its official currency

What evidence demonstrates the resilience of the Indian cultures in Latin America?

the survival of Amerindian languages in the region

What best describes the natural growth rate in contemporary Europe?

there is a lack of natural growth as death rates exceed birth rates

What is major factor in the poor air quality in Mexico City and Santiago?

thermal inversion layers

Which of the following has NOT been a compelling factor pushing rural people to migrate to cities in Latin America? to take advantage of government funded programs encouraging people to migrate to large urban areas inability of the peasantry to gain ownership of arable farmland from the entrenched latifundia system conditions (educational access, drinking water, health care) are better in urban areas individual choices made by the young and the better educated to seek opportunities mechanization of agriculture decreased the labor needs in the countryside

to take advantage of government funded programs encouraging people to migrate to large urban areas

Why did Japanese people migrate to Latin America in the mid 19th Century?

to work in the coffee and sugar plantations and mines Submit

Which of the following groups is most likely to disrupt local ecosystems as they search for natural resources and manufacturing sites?

transnational firms

Which of the following products made its way to the New World as part of the Columbian Exchange?

wheat

In which of the following cases will the total fertility rate (TFR) be highest? when women marry in their late 30s, and then have children when women marry early, have children, then die in their late 20s when women marry early and have many children over a long span of years when women marry early and have one or two children when women marry in their late 20s, then have several children

when women marry early and have many children over a long span of years