midterm 2
A UN Development Program report on the 1990s stated that no fewer than __________ developing or "in transition" countries had experienced serious economic decline over the previous three decades.
100
In what decade did terrorism become a transnational phenomenon?
1960s
The Torrey Canyon disaster occurred in __________ and helped to call attention to __________.
1967 . . . the danger of oil tanker wrecks
The United Nation's Millennium Development Goals are to be/were achieved by
2015.
__________ is often connected with the concept of "economic liberalism."
Adam Smith
Who was the Secretary-General of the UN who outlined a more ambitious agenda for the UN in his An Agenda for Peace (1992)?
Boutros Boutros-Ghali
GATT, IBRD, and the IMF were the three institutions of what post-Second World War system?
Bretton Woods
The idea that war should be a means to an end is commonly associated with which writer?
Carl von Clausewitz
The population of India is expected to exceed that of __________ by 2050.
China
The Rio Earth Summit (1992) led to the establishment of which convention?
Framework Convention on Climate Change (FCCC)
__________ preceded the start of the Great Depression in 1929.
Increased tariffs
Some liberal internationalists believe that to build international society middle powers should embrace a __________ view of national priorities and interests.
Kantian or normative
The immediate predecessor organization to the UN was the
League of Nations.
Recent decisions by the UN Security Council have treated gross violations of human rights by sovereign states as threats to international peace and security. In 2011 this was the basis for foreign military intervention in which African country?
Libya
What was the name of the US-led and funded plan for reconstructing post-war Europe?
Marshall Plan
When did India and Pakistan cross the so-called nuclear threshold?
May 1998
Time-limited, quantifiable targets across eight areas, including poverty, health, gender, education, environment, and development are known as
Millennium Development Goals
__________ is the process by which states act together to solve common problems.
Multilateralism
__________ are a type of participant in global politics that is neither acting in the name of government nor created and served by government.
Nongovernmental actors
The last Trust Territory to gain independence in 1994 was
Palau
According to the text, what was an adverse effect of the "Green Revolution"?
Peasants lost their land because their labor was no longer needed
A country-level reform of the UN programs was to strengthen the role of the
Resident Coordinator.
The UN declaration that asserts that there is a moral obligation for states to intervene in other states that violate human rights is part of
Responsibility to Protect (R2P)
States reconsidered who could be classified as a refugee following the
Second World War.
What 1960s book highlighted the damage inflicted upon avian species by industrial pesticides like DDT?
Silent Spring
What catchphrase informed the strategies of the IMF and World Bank and, importantly, through the Uruguay Round of trade discussions carried out under the auspices of GATT?
There Is No Alternative
What 1992 treaty envisaged the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and their removal by carbon sequestration?
UNFCCC
Which organization shifted its focus from reconstruction to development in 1947?
World Bank
According to the text, nuclear globalization caused
a regionally differentiated world.
Local peculiarities have often affected the way a global product is sold and used in different places. For example, __________ has often been adjusted to local tastes to be more effective.
advertising
At what phase do NGOs play a role in foreign policymaking?
all of the above
Global governance:
all of the above
Human security refers to
all of the above
One limit upon the effectiveness of the ICJ is
all of the above
The process of development in the orthodox model has elements such as
all of the above
According to realists, trust is often difficult between states because of the problem of
anarchy
A study by the Institute for Economics and Peace estimates that in 2014 militarized conflicts killed __________ people and cost __________ of the world's GDP.
around 180,000 . . . roughly 13.4%
In undemocratic or authoritarian states, citizens might not have as much to say about what their leaders decide to do in the international system,
but bureaucratic agencies and elites do have a voice.
According to the text, when the human population goes beyond the Earth's __________, disaster is inevitable.
carrying capacity
A stress on __________ production has led towards export-oriented, large-scale, intensively mechanized agriculture in the Global South.
cash crop
The North-South agenda has __________ in the years since the Rio Summit.
changed little
Analysts of international environmental cooperation have observed the importance of
changes in knowledge.
The European colonial powers divided the world's peoples into __________ societies
civilized, barbarian, and savage
A key principle of the climate change regime contained in the 1992 UNFCCC stated that all nations had to accept responsibility for the world's changing climate, despite the fact that some countries pollute more than others. This is called
common but differentiated responsibilities.
The Trans-Pacific Partnership was intended to
counter the attempt by China's government to create its now set of trade rules for the region
State A sends its military to support State B's political structure and fight State B's non-state enemies. This is an example of
counterinsurgency.
"Diverse paths, locally driven" is a component of which approach of development?
critical alternative
In brief, the phases of the foreign policy process are
define, develop, act, and evaluate.
Modernization theory views development as synonymous with
economic growth.
The framers of the Kyoto Protocol faced a more difficult challenge then those who constructed the Montreal Protocol because the Kyoto Protocol affects
energy, transport, and agriculture
Liberal or Grotian theorists encourage collective security as a means of
enhancing cooperation.
According to the text, the factor that determines whether a person experiences chronic hunger is not the availability of food but the ability to
establish an entitlement to food.
A crisis situation might call for __________ involvement in the __________ phase of the foreign policymaking process.
fewer individual . . . formulation
During the Cold War the majority of Third World countries were in the capitalist camp because of
former colonial ties.
Most environmental conventions now aim at capacity building through arrangements for the transfer of
funds, technology, and expertise.
Many __________ believe that construction of a single integrated world economy is inevitable.
globalists
The globalization of commerce has
improved terrorists' mobility.
Hybrid warfare allows inferior militaries to
increase their conventional military capacity by assigning their forces different roles.
Which of the following is not one of the four aspects of globalization as outlined in the text?
internalization
Legally, a person who has fled their home due to conflict but has not crossed an international border was historically considered a(n)
internally displaced person
What term is used to describe an agreement or social institution with (more or less) agreed-upon principles, norms, rules, decision-making procedures, and programs that govern the activities and shape the expectations of actors in a specific environmental issue-area?
international environmental regime
Classical peacekeeping
is not effective if the warring parties do not want peace.
The thirty-five least developed nations emit __________ percentand account for __________ percent of the world'spopulation.
less than 1 . . . more than 10
The __________ became the dominant system after the Cold War.
liberal economic order
What international relations theory is most conducive to explaining effective environmental regimes?
liberal institutionalism
According to the text, while food production has increased,
little impact has been made on the number of people who go hungry.
The history of environmental cooperation demonstrates that __________ and/or __________ action is necessary.
local . . . regional
Cash crop production and industrialization in the developing world are threats to
local subsistence food production.
According to the text, globalization __________ undermine/s the global state order and state sovereignty.
may
The nonstate actors involved in conflict achieve a global presence using means that include(s) Correct!
media.
The WTO covers services, intellectual property, and investment issues as well as
merchandise trade
Foreign policy actors will often pursue different goals simultaneously because foreign policy connects domestic politics and international relations. For example, leaders
might advocate human rights policy to satisfy domestic interest groups but maintain trade relations with an authoritarian state because of the need for natural resources.
Most firms involved in global trade and finance have kept a __________ board of directors.
mononational
At the basic level citizens want the state to protect the borders, provide internal security, and support and maintain a means of exchange or a marketplace. These are often called
national interests.
Amnesty International is an example of what type of organization?
nongovernmental organization
Oxfam, Save the Children, and Amnesty International are examples of
nonstate actors.
Realists and constructivists disagree on whether __________ influence(s) state behavior.
norms
What term is used to describe the acquisition of nuclear weapons by states?
nuclearization
"Global sourcing" refers to
obtaining goods and services across geopolitical boundaries
The use of force to enforce humanitarian concerns in the face of state collapse is called
peace enforcement.
Amartya Sen, in Poverty and Famines: An Essay on Entitlement and Deprivation, concludes that hunger is not due to there not being enough to eat; rather, it is because of
people not having enough to eat
Some scholars assert the end of the Cold War changed the international system, creating a world in which domestic and international affairs are intertwined, national borders are permeable, and states have rejected the use of force for resolving conflict. This condition is often called
postmodernity.
Academi (formerly Xe, formerly Blackwater) is an example of a(n)
privatized military firm (PMF).
Mercantilism is most often associated with
protectionism and economic nationalism.
0 / 2 pts The __________, or mercantilist, tradition focuses on the ability of states to be economically independent, a condition often called "economic nationalism."
protectionist
According to the textbook, the UN Secretary-General
provides administrative guidance.
The global human population has __________ since the 1800s.
quintupled
Many governments have actively lured externally based business by lowering corporate tax rates, __________, and relaxing labor and environmental standards.
reducing restrictions on the repatriation of profits
Prior to the twentieth century, __________ as a legal category did not exist.
refugee
What phrase best describes free riding?
refusing to be bound by the collective arrangements while sharing the benefits
The term "global commons" refers to __________ all members of __________.
resources shared by . . . the international community
The central demand of the Third World-led New International Economic Order (NIEO) was
restructuring of the international order toward greater equity for developing countries.
Promotion of neoliberal economic policies has been accompanied by __________ inequality __________ states.
rising . . .within and among
According to the text, academic disagreements about definitions of terms like "war" and "security" matter because
scholars often make policy recommendations to politicians.
China, Sri Lanka, Poland, and Cuba __________ under HDI measures than under __________ modes of measurement.
score higher . . . orthodox
An aspect of globalization after the Cold War is the declining centrality of the state; this trend has created
space for groups with subnational or supranational agendas to act.
Which term best describes economic decision making in China?
state capitalism
The common realist model of international politics has a __________ perspective in which leaders are __________.
state-centric . . . rational actors
The methods and tools that national leaders use to achieve the national interests of a state are called
statecraft.
A(n) __________ is an authoritative international organization that operates above the nation-state
supranational global organization
More actors become subjects and agents of international law, which means a development of __________ is eventually possible.
supranational law
Smart credit cards and SDRs are examples of
supraterritorial money.
What factor has most improved terrorist capabilities?
technologies associated with globalization
What relationship does ungoverned territory have with terrorism?
terrorism always precedes ungoverned territory
The model used to explain why communities may over-exploit shared environmental resources even when they know that it may be against their long-term interests is known as
the "tragedy of the commons."
A critical alternative view of poverty places more emphasis on lack of access to all of the following EXCEPT
the Green Revolution.
What state pulled out of the Paris climate agreement, thereby undermining its legitimacy
the United States
One of the most immediate and persistent consequences of warfare is
the destruction of ecosystems.
Realist Hans Morgenthau believed the "pursuit of power" was
the essence of politics.
A state protecting the global commons or providing increased levels of prosperity are elements of
the national interest.
Emissions trading creates a market based upon
the right to buy and sell carbon emissions.
Counterinsurgency and counterterrorism are strategies used in
the war on terrorism.
The Kyoto Protocol was established for __________ to set binding targetsfor reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
thirty-seven industrialized countries and the European community
Why was the Svalbard Global Seed Vault, or "Doomsday Vault," constructed?
to store seeds in case of catastrophic environmental changes
Protectionism includes all of the following EXCEPT
unmitigated trade.
