midterm 2 part 2

4. Which of the following could cause edema? A. increased capillary pressure. B. decreased blood pressure. C. decreased venous pressure. D. all of the above.

A. increased capillary pressure.

28. Which valves would be open during ventricular systole? A. Aortic and pulmonic B. Aortic and tricuspid C. Mitral and aortic D. Tricuspid and mitral

A. Aortic and pulmonic

13. Depolarization of the atria is represented on an electrocardiogram by the A. P wave. B. T wave. C. S-T segment. D. QRS complex.

A. P wave

66. True or false: At the ends of the lower extremities, blood pressure becomes so low that it cannot overcome gravity. A. T B. F

A. T

35: True or false: Heart cells can contract without input from the nervous system. A. True B. False

A. True

62. "Efferent" vessels are A. arteries B. veins C. lymph vessels D. capillaries

A. arteries

46. Which type of vessel has a pulse? A. artery B. vein C. capillary D. lymph channel

A. artery

39: Which valve is also known as the mitral valve? A. bicuspid B. tricuspid C. pulmonic

A. bicuspid

57. Coagualtion means: A. blood clotting B. turbulent blood flow C. constriction of a blood vessel D. vasodilation

A. blood clotting

53. The expandable pouches on the atria: A. called auricles B. invisible to the naked eye C. called oracles D. rigid and inflexible

A. called auricles

60. The blood pressure at the end of ventricular diastole is (lower number) is the A. diastolic pressure B. systolic pressure C. neither one, it means something else

A. diastolic pressure

30. Cardiac muscle fiber contractions: A. exhibit rapid depolarization B. exhibit a twitch contraction C. may cause tetany D. have short refractory periods

A. exhibit rapid depolarization

65. As the blood moves away form the heart, the systolic blood pressure A. goes down B. goes up C. stays the same

A. goes down

17. During ventricular systole (contraction), the volume of blood in the ventricles A. is decreasing. B. is increasing. C. remains the same.

A. is decreasing.

24. The thickest wall of the heart is found in the A. left ventricle B. left atrium C. right atrium D. right ventricle

A. left ventricle

21. Which vessel would have the lowest pressure? A. capillary B. inferior vena cava C. brachial artery D. aorta

B. inferior vena cava

34. Which statement is true of the right atrioventricular valve? A. it is also called the mitral valve B. it is open during ventricular diastole C. it transmits oxygenated blood D. it is opened by the pull of chordae tendineae

B. it is open during ventricular diastole

59: Viscosity means: A. speed of flow of a liquid B. measure of resistance to flow of a liquid C. resistance of the entire cardiovascular system D. the color of a liquid

B. measure of resistance to flow of a liquid

54. The chordae tendinae connect the valves to muscle projections called: A. pupillary muscles B. chordic muscles C. papillary muscles D. They don't; the chordae tendinae blend directly into the cardiac wall.

C. papillary muscles

37: The QRS complex represents: A. relaxation of the ventricles B. contraction of the atrium C. contraction of the ventricles

C. contraction of the ventricles

36: An ECG measures: A. cardiac outputB. blood pressure C. electrical events in the heart D. stroke volume

C. electrical events in the heart

67. Veins lack A. tunica media B. tunica externa C. external elastic membrane D. tunica intima

C. external elastic membrane

20. Cardiac cells: A. have multiple nucei B. are large and stretch the length of the heart C. have intercalated discs and gap junctions D. are found throughout the circulatory system

C. have intercalated discs and gap junctions

7. Hypotension refers to A. high blood pressure. B. normal blood pressure. C. low blood pressure.

C. low blood pressure.

3. As veins become larger, blood speed A. decreases B. increases C. stays the same

B. increases

38: The right ventricle is the chamber of the heart that pumps blood for the pulmonary circulation. Based on this information, blood from the right ventricle is on its way to the _________. A. lungs B. liver C. appendiges

A. lungs

25. All the following are considered "formed elements" of blood except A. lymph B. platelets C. white blood cells D. red blood cells

A. lymph

18. Hemopoiesis refers to A. production of formed elements in the bone marrow. B. breakdown of red blood cells. C. production of plasma. D. clumping of red blood cells.

A. production of formed elements in the bone marrow.

43. Which of these blood vessels carry oxygenated blood? A. pulmonary vein B. pulmonary artery C. inferior vena cava D. superior vena cava

A. pulmonary vein

16. Systolic blood pressure minus diastolic blood pressure is the A. pulse pressure. B. mean arterial pressure. C. atrial pressure. D. venous return.

A. pulse pressure.

14. During the cardiac cycle, the amount of blood ejected from the left ventricle A. stroke volume. B. end-diastolic volume. C. end-systolic volume. D. cardiac output.

A. stroke volume.

48. The electrical impulse generated by the SA node is referred to as the: A. wave of depolarization B. wave of repolarization C. ejection fraction D. cardiac output wave

A. wave of depolarization

23. Electrical activity in cardiac cells is spread directly through: A. intercalated discs B. gap junctions C. chordae tendinae D. sarcomeres

B. gap junctions

51. The point on the chest where you can hear the heart valves and sounds about equally is called: A. Geoff's point B. Erb's point C. Cardiac zone D. Cardiac point

B. Erb's point

26. True or false: the heart has so much blood flowing through it that it does not need it's own blood vessels. A. T B. F

B. F

12. Electrical signals are transferred to the cardiac muscle cells of the ventricles by A. the pacemaker. B. Purkinje fibers. C. the SA node. D. the AV node.

B. Purkinje fibers.

64. The area where capillaries, arterioles and venules merge together is called the: A. venous system B. capillary bed C. venous bed D. continuous system

B. capillary bed

8. The first heart sound heard through a stethoscope (S1) is associated with A. atrial contraction. B. closure of the AV valves. C. blood moving through the aorta. D. closure of the semilunar valves.

B. closure of the AV valves.

50. When the heart rate goes up, the amount of time spent in A. systole and diastole decrease at the same rate B. diastole is shortened a lot more than systole C. systole and diastole increase at the same rate D. systole is shortened a lot more than diastole

B. diastole is shortened a lot more than systole

15. The volume of blood in the ventricle just after contraction is called the A. end-diastolic volume. B. end-systolic volume. C. stroke volume. D. cardiac output.

B. end-systolic volume.

5. Which capillary type is leakier? A. continuous. B. fenestrated. C. arteriole.

B. fenestrated.

6. Normally, which chamber pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs? A. right atrium B. right ventricle C. left atrium D. left ventricle

B. right ventricle

44. Blood flow back to the heart from the legs is assisted by: A. cilia in the veins B. skeletal muscle contraction C. cardiac muscle tissue D. gravity

B. skeletal muscle contraction

29. In the vascular phase of blood clotting A. platelets attach to sticky endothelium B. smooth muscle of blood vessels contract and endothelium becomes sticky C. smooth muscle of blood vessels relax to bring more nutrients D. protein strands are laid down to trap platelets

B. smooth muscle of blood vessels contract and endothelium becomes sticky

40. How are human blood cells adapted to their function? A. they are red B. they have a biconcave shape C. they are multi-nucleated D. they are perfect spheres

B. they have a biconcave shape

2. Smooth muscle in the wall of an artery is part of the A. tunica interna. B. tunica media. C. tunica externa.

B. tunica media

52. The right and left sides of the heart operate as: A. one continuous pump B. two side-by-side pumps C. 4 pumps: one for each chamber

B. two side-by-side pumps

41. Which type of blood vessels have valves? A. arteries B. veins C. capillaries D. arterioles

B. veins

49. The average, resting heart rate in a human is: A. 60 bpm B. 100 bpm C. 75 bpm D. 40 bpm

C. 75 bpm

11. The natural 'pacemaker' of the heart is the A. AV node. B. Purkinje fiber. C. SA node. D. AV bundle.

C. SA node.

55. The part of the immune system that attacks a pathogen that the body has encountered before are called: A. red blood cells B. platelets C. antibodies D. plasma proteins

C. antibodies

58. Structures on cells that tell the immune system that they are part of the "self" are called A. antibodies B. anti-virals C. antigens D. platelets

C. antigens

31. The superior border of the heart is called the A. apex B. septum C. base D. roof

C. base

22. Baroreceptors monitor A. blood oxygen level B. blood clotting C. blood pressure D. blood pH

C. blood pressure

45. The heartbeat sounds (S1 and S2) are caused by: A. opening of heart valves B. cardiac relaxation C. closing of heart valves D. cardiac contractions

C. closing of heart valves

9. Bradycardia indicates a(n): A. irregular heart rhythym. B. normal heart rate. C. slower than normal heart rate. D. faster than normal heart rate.

C. slower than normal heart rate.

61. The layer of blood vessel walls that anchor them is A. tunica media B. tunica intima C. tunica externa D. filum terminale

C. tunica externa

47. The aorta: A. brings deoxygenated blood to the lungs B. brings oxygenated blood to the lungs C. brings deoxygenated blood to the heart D. brings oxygenated blood to the body

D. brings oxygenated blood to the body

63. The pulmonary trunk and aorta are considered which class of artery? A. arteriole B. muscular C. fenestrated D. elastic

D. elastic

56. Red blood cells bind to oxygen using: A. calcium B. sodium C. potassium D. iron

D. iron

27. Type O blood has: A. no antibodies B. anti-B antibodies C. anti-A antibodies D. is the universal donor

D. is the universal donor

1. The heart pumps blood into the systemic circulation from the A. right atrium. B. right ventricle. C. left atrium. D. left ventricle.

D. left ventricle.

42. The formed element primarily responsible for clotting is: A. red blood cells B. white blood cells C. plasma D. platelets

D. platelets

19. The following are all functions of blood except: A. regulation of pH B. stabilize body temperature C. restrict fluid loss D. provide structure

D. provide structure

10. Cardiac output is calculated as A. stroke volume minus atrial volume. B. end-diastolic volume minus end-systolic volume. C. end-systolic volume multiplied by heart rate. D. stroke volume multiplied by heart rate.

D. stroke volume multiplied by heart rate.

32. The two circuits of blood in the body are called: A. systemic and enteric B. pulmonary and cardiac C. cardiac and systemic D. systemic and pulmonary

D. systemic and pulmonary

33. Stroke volume is: A. the amount of blood pumped to the lungs and the rest of the body B. the only way to determine heart health C. the same thing as cardiac output D. the amount of blood pumped from the left ventricle in one heart beat

D. the amount of blood pumped from the left ventricle in one heart beat