midterm
First green roof (year)
Hanging gardens of babylon (700 BC)
rockwoll and water 1 2 3
Has a high water storage capacity but poor water-retention. Top of substrate may remain too dry while bottom of substrate is too wet. Salts deposit unless flushed with fresh water.
Green facade un-ideal materials 1 2 3
Glass fiber rope plastic
LEED vs. LBC 1 2 3 4 5
LEED gives points for theoretical energy efficiency. LBC requires data from one year of operation to confirm that the project generated at least as much energy as it used. .•LEED gives points for high efficiency plumbing fixtures. LBC requires that the project use only water that arrives on site naturally, and also requires that the water be treated on site and returned to the natural cycle. •LEED offers points for irrigation-free landscaping. LBC requires that the landscape be a source of local, organic food production. •LEED allows the use of any sort of material in the construction of a building. LBC requires that buildings do not use any materials from a Red List of materials. •LEED offers optional points in a variety of different categories. LBC requires that a building achieve every single imperative, there are no optional imperatives.
DYNAMIC AND DIFFUSE LIGHT
Leverages varying intensities of light and shadow that change over time to create conditions that occur in nature.
NON-RYTHMIC SENSORY STIMULI 1 2 connections with nature that may be analyzed _________ but may not be __________
Stochastic ephemeral statistically predicted precisely.
rockwoll interactions 1 2 3
neutral in terms of interaction with nutrient solution cause pH of solution to rise slightly. Begins to dissolve at a pH of 5.
to repair a trellis ______, _______ and _________ can be removed _______cannot
ramblers tendrils leaf-twining climbers twiners
The Living Architecture Performance Tool (LAPT) is a
rating system and resource, designed to certify that green roofs and walls
if moisture decreases below wilting point a plant can no longer recover its
turgidity
saturated moisture content of growing media is usually _____ as high as normal field capacity,
twice
Surface spray with a traditional sprinkler system problems 1 2 3 4
waste water encourage surface rooting vulnerable to extreme heat moisture stress
Requirements of plants 1 2 3
water dissolved chemical nutrient dissolved gaseous oxygen.
Sub-irrigation benefits 1 2 3
water directly to roots not visible less weeds
A growing medium or substrate is determined by 1 2 3 4
water-retention capacity, weight, aeration, nutrient retention,
clinging vines controversy belief of construction workers: belief of gardeners:
weaken the surface of the building. preserve surfaces, as they hold the mortar together
Modular green facade is made of __________ that supports plants both on the ________ as well as the __________
welded steel face grid panel depth
annuals (are/are not) recommended for green roofs because
are not no longevity
netting is used on green roofs due to the_______ created by wind
negative pressure.
Building exhaust can be beneficial because it
warms plants, extending growing periods
Espalier country/year
France 1550s to 1850s
plugs
cuttings with established root systems
factors used to achieve zero-energy buildings
(1)Highly insulating spray-foam insulation (2)High-efficiency solar panels (3)High-efficiency heat pumps (4)Highly insulating low-energy triple-glazed windows.
Heating, air-conditioning, and ventilation (HVAC) equipment located on the rooftop can impact the green roof design by 1 2 3
-Discharge from exhaust fans contain fumes that are harmful to plants -Kitchen exhaust fans contain fat drippings that are harmful to plants and roof membranes. -Grease traps and HVAC systems require frequent maintenance so it is important to provide access to this equipment
GREEN ROOF PROFESSIONAL (GRP) TRAINING teaches 1 2 3 4 5 6
-The full range of system types and components available to designers -Essential qualifications for project teams -How to integrate green roofs with other building systems for maximum client benefit -Implementation issues for new and retrofit buildings) -Contracts and construction administration -Quality assurance, warranties, and liability issues
adaptions for Searing heat 1 2 3 4
-thick cuticle hairy leaves powder coatings light coloring
Torvtak consists of
. roof covered with soil for insulation that was planted with grasses and other plants to stabilize the soil.
PERLITE:
A form of glass (volcanic) that is mined and heated in big ovens until it "pops" into a round and white material
In rural areas, impervious cover may only be _____%
1-2
features of plants suitable for green facades 1 2 3 4 5
1.Fast growing 2.Foliage from ground to top 3.Resistant to wind buffering 4.Orientation to full sun exposure or shading 5.Partial shadowing during the day from nearby buildings
features of Plants suitable for green walls 1 2 3 4 5
1.Fibrous root system 2.Strong stem to root connection 3.Resistance to wind buffering 4.A good growth habit 5.Orientation to full sun exposure or shading
installation of plants can use 1 2 3 4 5 6
1.Seeds 2.Cuttings 3.Plugs 4.Nursery Containers 5.Vegetated Mats 6.Modules
One can also conduct saturation weight-testing of a custom blend using the following steps 1 2 3 4
1.Submerge a (12 inch x 12 inch) sample at the desired depth for 24 hours 2.Remove the sample and allow to drain for 15 minutes (1 hour for German standards) 3.Weigh the sample 4.Subtract the tare weight of the container to determine the saturated weight of 1 square foot of the custom blend
Green facade problems 1 2 3 4 5 6
1.Supports that are installed are too small for the species used 2. Supports have insufficient strength 3. Supports are not adequately fixed to the building 4. Allowances are not made for growth, specifically thick stems 5. Maintenance is insufficient for the size of the supports 6. damage due to vines
Three main irrigation methods used for green roofs:
1.Surface spray with a traditional sprinkler system 2.Buried in the substrate 3.Capillary systems
seven patterns of biophilic design: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
1.Visual Connection with Nature 2.Non-Visual Connection with Nature 3.Non-Rhythmic Sensory Stimuli 4.Thermal & Airflow Variability 5.Presence of Water 6.Dynamic & Diffuse Light 7.Connection with Natural Systems
typical components of a green roof system are: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1.Waterproof membrane over the structural roofing system 2.Root-protection barrier 3.Leak-detection layer 4.Filter layer 5.Waterway storage system (optional) 6.Growing medium 7.Mulch layer 8.Plant layer 9.Netting system
In low-density subdivisions, impervious cover is _____%
10
above ___ floors the wind velocity increases at a higher rate than below __ floors
10
climbers usually only grow about __ with a max of ___
10 meters 30 meters
cuttings require ___________ for full coverage
12-18 months
plugs achieve full coverage in
12-18 months
Lightweight extensive systems with substrate depths of 2-6 inches increase the roof loadings by __________
14-35 lb/ft2
San Francisco green roof mandate requirements
15-30% of roof space on new buildings must be green, use solar, or both.
expanded clay pellets features (size) (density) (water/air content) 4 (drainage) 5 (cleanliness)
16 and .6 inches. Density from 4lbs/gallon to 8lbs/gallon . Water content low, air content very high. Extremely stable substrate. Drains extremely well (pumps may run 24/7). Does not sequester ions from nutrient solution easy to clean/disinfect between plantings.
in (year), (name) designed the (number) gradens for the roof of the Rockefeller Center in order to _____________
1933 Hood 5 Increase property value
LEED est.
1998
Field capacity occurs
2-3 days after rain or irrigation
a seeded green roof takes ________ to mature
2-3 years
perennials increase weighted load on roof system by
2-5 lbs/square foot.
hydroponics
A technique of growing plants without soil, in water containing dissolved nutrients
, the LAPT v.1 was released in
2018
cuttings should be distributed at _________
25-50 pounds per 1000 square feet
Without additional slope stabilization measures, it is unwise to design green roof slopes steeper than
2:12 (9.5% -17%)
Where annuals are used extensively, regular rainfall of over __ per month is required, and __________ is suggested.
3" a supplemental irrigation regime
hardy succulents are primary plants for roofs with __________ growing medium
4 inches or less
Aggregates can exceed _____for every inch of depth.
4 lb/ft2
Perennials typically require a growing medium of at least ____ in depth and ____________________.
4" supplemental irrigation
Traditional buildings consume _______ of the total fossil fuel energy in the US and European Union and are ____________
40% significant contributors of greenhouse gases.
In multi-family communities , impervious cover is _____%
50
Intensive green roofs with soil-based substrates will impose and additional weight of between ________
59-199 lb/ft2
In a living wall situation a depth of_______ is required to accommodate the feeding root zone. In addition, a similar amount of space is required below the plant because ________
6-10 inches gravity affects the root zone.
acceptable PH
6-7.5
In industrial/commercial areas, impervious cover is _____%
70
This is the angle of repose for most granular materials
7:12 (30%-58%)
lavarock features (weight) (porosity) 3
8.3lbs/gallon high porosity susceptible to degradation by nutrient solution or leach heavy metals.
max green facade height
80 ft. 8 stories
growth media ratios
80% aggregate with 20% organic materials.
In shopping centers/dense urban areas, impervious cover is _____%
90
Temperatures above ________ can cause the roots to begin to shut down, causing
95 F° no water is sent to the leaves for transpiration and the leaves begin to heat up/wilt.
WATERPROOF MEMBRANE OVER STRUCTURAL ROOFING SYSTEM is added to
:Preventing the leakage of water
PRESENCE OF WATER
A condition that enhances the experience of a place through seeing, hearing or touching water.
Thigmotropism
A directional growth of a plant in response to touch.
VERMICULITE:
A yellow or brown mineral that is a product of mica and other minerals
peat moss features (base/acid) (mixed with...) (interaction)
Acidic substrate often used in mixes with sand and loam. Cation exchange capacity (interaction with nutrient solution) varies greatly with level of decomposition.
NON-VISUAL CONNECTION WITH NATURE 1 2 3 4 stimuli that engender a deliberate and positive reference to 1 2 3
Auditory haptic olfactory gustatory nature living systems natural processes.
Grass species (5)
Carex, Andropogon, Bouteloua, Sesleria, and Sporobolus.
vermiculite features (material) (weight) (PH) 4
Clay low weight (.8lbs/gallon). Neutral pH, but is negatively charged and so may interact with cations of the nutrient solution. Decomposes relatively easily.
expanded clay pellets (how made)
Clay is formed into pellets and fired in a kiln at a high temperature.
Site assessment, Microclimate considerations 1. a. b. c 2. a. b c 3 a b c
Climatic Influences: Temperature and humidity Wind Orientation Adjacent Structures: Shadowing Reflection Access- Maintenance and Recreation Rooftop Equipment: HVAC Solar / Photovoltaic
benefits of hydroponics 1 2 3 4
Conservation, control, and efficiency and nutrients and water -Increased yields- Lightweight operation is possible depending on substrate- May allow plants to be survive 'outside their comfort zone'
Green Buildings Ordinance location year
Denver City Council October 29, 2018.
good perennials (7)
Dianthus, Phlox, Allium, Achillea, Viola, Origanum, and Carex
macro-nutrients
Elements that are required in the greatest amounts by plants
Perlite
Inert volcanic glass heated to a high temperature, which causes it to expand.
hinderances to living arch 1 2 3
Inconsistent policy a lack of accepted performance benchmarks a lack of representation of living architecture in existing building rating systems
PH measures
It measures the relative concentration of H+ and OH-ions in the water. The more H+ the more acidic the water, the more OH-the more basic the water
e most widely used system to rate the construction of current and new buildings
LEED
Should you look at monthly avg temp/relative humidity or individual figures on a monthly/daily basis for site assessment? why?
Looking at only the monthly average temperature and relative humidity over a number of years will not give a true picture of the extreme conditions, whereas examining the figures of an individual monthly or even daily basis will provide information that is more useful to designers.
perlite problem
May float during the watering cycle or lose its structure after several growing cycles.
coconut coir features 1 2
May require treatment due to salinity. Highly variable composition based on source of parent material.
to keep roots from spread 1 2 3 are used
Modules edges pavers
Hanging gardens of babylon were built by
NebuchadrezzarII
Denver Green Buildings Ordinance applies to 1 2 3
New buildings 25,000 square feet or larger Roof permits for existing buildings 25,000 square feet or larger Additions of 25,000 square feet or larger
Sod roofs used in 1. 2. 3.
Norway 500 bc (Torvtak) the Great Plains 1800s Aleutian Islands 1900s (barabara)
Monoculture:
Planting a green roof with a single species to create a layer of vegetation of uniform height, color, and texture
Capillary systems consist of
Porous mats that deliver water to the base of the substrate
First city to adopt green roof mandate (year)
San Francisco, October 2016
______ cuttings are best because __________
Sedum ability to readily root even in harsh conditions
good succulents (5)
Sedum, Sempervivum, Talinum, Jovibarba,and Delosperma
improper maintenance of green facades leads to
Self-strangulation Over-growth Shoots going where they are not intended such as windows and gutter
Perlite function
Surface area is covered in tiny cavities that hold moisture while the particles themselves create pores that allow water and air to flow freely to the roots
roof loading is a challenge because
The volume and weight of the green roof material, (especially growth media)
The engineered design of an existing building must be structurally sufficient to carry the load of: 1 2 3
Totally saturated substrate (growing medium) Drainage system Foliage weight of all the plants
__________ ivy is the preferred climber because ______
Virginia it doesn't damage the wall
benefits of capillary systems
Water distributes evenly
Zero Energy Buildings
a building with zero net energy consumption, meaning the total amount of energy used by the building on an annual basis is roughly equal to the amount of renewable energy created on site.
The Emerald necklace consists of _________ and remedies _________
a chain of parks social class distinction
Combination drain core/root barrier incorporate__________ that serves to ___________
a soft-felt filter fabric laminated to the bottom surface of the drain core protect the roofing materials on which it rests.
green walls frameworks are made of 1 2 3 4
steel framework plastic expanded polystyrene synthetic fabric
grass benefits 1 2 3 non-benefits 1 2 3
add motion and texture offer bird and insect habita provide winter interest when left unpruned. require a deeper medium attain a higher biomass --> load create a fire hazard
Solar/PV systems require 1 2
additional roof preparations that must be sealed into the roofing waterproofing.
Perlite provides ______ and improves _________
aeration water drainage
monoculture benefits 1 non-benefits 1 2 3 4
aesthetics susceptible to disease pests unfavorable climate conditions. requires fertilization due to depleting resources
DRAINAGE LAYER can contain 1 2 3
aggregate geotextile Combination drain core/root barrier
aggregate drainage vs geotextile
aggregate requires more work to spread and more expensive and is heavy
THERMAL AND AIRFLOW VARIABILITY Subtle changes in 1 2 3 4 that mimic natural environments.
air temperature relative humidity airflow across the skin surface temperatures
In order to meet LBC standards 1 2
all imperatives must be met A report must be submitted to the LBC certifying council outlining proof of the building's energy and water performance over a one year post-occupancy period
benefits of cable green facade systems 1 2 3
are easy to transport enable the construction of support over a wide area offer great flexibility in design.
Adjacent reflective walls _______ which can _________and ________.
amplify the intensity of sunlight. quickly dry out the growth media dehydrate plants
hard water has a
an elevated level of calcium or magnesium
green wall modules are grown so that they
are pretty upon installation
Taller, upright plants 1 should be situated ________ 2 may require _____________ prior to establishing a strong root system
away from the roofs edge Supplemental anchoring
The Emerald necklace was constructed because 1 2 3 4
back Bay Fens (a tidal salt marsh) had become foul smelling prone to flooding a source of disease a breeding ground for mosquitoes
vermiculate is obtained by
being mined and heated in big ovens until it expands
modules
black plastic discrete vegetated systems embedded with growth media
Individual plants need to be fixed into the living wall system so that they are not _________ on the windward side and similarly fixed into the system to prevent being __________ on the leeside of the buildings
blown away by the wind sucked out
For indoor walls both (artificial/ natural) light should be provided
both
To buffer a solution ______ is used
calcium carbonate
orientation factors 1 2
cardinal directions height
focus of LBC is to design a building which 1 2 3
causes no negative impact to the environment is capable of producing 100% of its energy demands onsite through renewable energy is 100% independent of municipal water infrastructure.
plant species good for green walls: plants that grow near (a), because ____ plants that grow near (b), because _____
cliff tops the face of cliffs a cliff face interacts with the wind in the same way as a building façade does. roads passing vehicles create wind
Perennials benefits 1 2 3 non-benefits 1 2
color texture seasonal variety require deeper substrate and moisture than are found on many green roofs. suitable weed environment
fabric for the roof protection barrier contains ____ in order to _______
contain chemicals that repel root growth keep plant roots from damaging the roofing and waterproofing materials.
Rooftops between 20 feet and 120 ft: Require the use of a ____________ to hoist material to the rooftop. conducted by ______________. requires_________
crane six or more highly paid tradesmen Coordination of material delivery times and crane availability
problem of phototropism
creates overshadowing effect that shades the plants immediately below.
in drain core/root barriers a _______ in the center provides for lateral movement of water across the root surface. A _____________ is laminated to the top of the drain core.
cup matrix drain core root barrier
successful geophytes (5)
dwarf irises, alliums, tulips, daffodils, and crocuses.
Espaliers purposes 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
decorative reflect more sunlight retain heat overnight extend growing season optimize space protect crops from cold, northern winds
varied plants allow for sustainable ecological system by
different growth forms and habits fill the available niches on the roof, suppressing weed plants
The leak detection layer detects leak by
electricity making a ground connection and pulling towards the positive poles if the seal is not water tight
VISUAL CONNECTION WITH NATURE A view to 1 2 3
elements of nature living systems natural processes.
Micro-nutrients
elements that are Essential but are required in smaller amounts
self supporting creepers of temperate climates 1 2 3
english ivy (Hedera helix) Boston ivy (Pathenocissus tricuspidataI) Virginia creeper (P. quinquefolia)
green roofs' lower the ambient temperatures near the roof surface
enhancing the efficiency of photovoltaic operation
aggregate is most commonly used in drainage layers in
europe
The focus of LEED is to promote a design which ___________________ and provide the user with benchmark guidelines in the improvement of 1 2 3
exceeds current energy codes renewable resource utilization user comfort durability.
Native gardens (while not always possible on roofs) are also 1 2
exotic pests and diseases may require specific types of soils not suited to the green roof system.
Rooftops below 20 feet are Stocked using 1 2 these are typically leased and operated by ____________
extending-boom forklifts common roof-loading equipment onsite construction personnel
Plants near adjacent reflective walls must be 1 2 3
extremely drought-and heat-tolerant frequently irrigated in deep media
Root protection barrier can be made of 1 2
fabric thermal plastic
in cable and net systems Cables are usually designed for __________ plants, whereas wire nets are used for supporting ___________ that need support at closer intervals.
faster growing climbing slower growing plants
green wall require addition of
fertilizer and water
The Emerald necklace design allowed for continuous flow via the use of
flood gates
When salts dissolve in water it __________ causing ___________
forms ions electricity to travel through the water
the maximum possible slope is controlled by the _________ between the two most slippery materials in the green roof profile.
friction coefficient
Lighting in indoor green walls should be
from different directions and with different intensities.
FILTER LAYER is A ________ placed between the drainage layer and the growing medium (for substrate) to prevent _________
geotextile filter fabric fine particles in the growing medium from interfering with or clogging up the drainage layer
Wind blankets are
geotextile materials that cover the green roof made of organic material to decompose gradually as the plants mature
In the practice of espalier, The fruit trees were placed some distance from the wall to ____________ and to provide for ________ and ___________ above ground.
give sufficient space for the roots underground good air circulation pest control
benefits of vegetated mats 1 2 nonbenefits 1 2
good for sloped roofs pre-grown bulky to transport and install long preorder time
modules 1 2 3 4 nonbenefits 1 2 3 4
good for slopes pre-grown varied design easy to replace most expensive heavy bulky to transport and install long preorder time
GRP accreditation is an indicator that an individual has achieved a specific knowledge level regarding 1 2 3 4
green roof design project management installation maintenance.
Living arch includes 1 2 3 does not include 1 2
green roofs green facades living walls bioswales urban trees
Herbacious Perennial
grow and bloom over spring and summer, die back every autumn and winter, and then return in spring from their rootstock
Generally, living walls require about ________ the water required for an in-ground garden bed during the summer.
half
The windward facades of tall buildings have 1 2
localized wind currents increased velocity
Grass maintenance
hard pruning before the onset of new growth
green roof plants should be tolerant of 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
heat cold sun wind drought salt insect disease
To prevent being removed by wind/birds the mulch layer must be 1 2 .
heavy enough fixed down
Rope green facades Made of 1 2
hemp manila
cable and net green facade systems use 1 2 3
high tensile steel cables anchors supplementary equipment.
rockwoll is made of
high-temperature rock spun into fibers.
NETTING LAYER function
hold mulch in place on tall buildings. made of Woven hessian
Slipping or slumping can be combated by the use of 1 2 3 4
horizontal strapping laths battens grids.
metal supports for green facades can stunt plant growth by being
hot in sun
alkalinity is a measure of
how stable the pH of the water is going to be
When thermal plastics seams are heat welded they form a surface that is
impervious to both water and root penetration.
consequences of impervious coverage 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
increase in runoff increase in volumes increase in flow rates increase in frequencies increase in moderate flooding increase in stream-channel erosion
Localized flooding is caused by 1. 2.
increases in runoff volume peak flow rates
Localized flooding is traditionally addressed by
increasing the hydraulic capacity of systems
problems with frame green wall systems 1 2
installation equipment more cost for transport
installation of vegetated mats
installed in strips on top of a base substrate
Plastic is not ideal for modules/framing systems because 1 2 3
it is difficult to predict the structural behavior under extreme wind loadings. low distortion level without structural failure long-term UV degradation,
Function of modular green facade
keep the green façade off the wall surface so that the plant material cannot attach to the building
wood for trellis benefits 1 2 non-benefits 1
last for twenty five years as a trellis material May be painted with a waterproof paint or tinted preservative in time the material will fade and peel and cannot be repainted
plug planting season
last frost of spring to late summer and early fall.
cardinal direction of green roof impacts
light/heat requirements
features of inorganic mulch 1 2
long lasting no nutrients provided
vegetated mats
long rolls of pre-grown plants set in a thin layer of mesh and medium and are fully mature upon installation.
seeded green roof non-benefits 1. 2. benefits 1
long time to mature few plants reliably germinated add color while roof is germinating or to already propegated roof
Prairie grasses have narrow leaves that___________________.
lose less water to evaporation than broad, flat leaves lose
sedum features 1 2 3
low growing self propegating colorful
Sedum is usually ________ but some reach ______ in height
low-growing 3 ft
Green roofs make cooling systems more efficient by
lowering the ambient temperature near the rooftop in summer months. resulting in much cooler air being drawn into the intake of the building ventilation systems
geotextile drainage layer is a ______ which serves to provide passage ways to ________-
matrix of cups formed into a plastic sheet water draining through the growth media to move laterally across the roof surface and enter drains and the gutter system.
rockwoll weight
maximum bulk density .83lbs/gal with a high porosity
LAPT encourages walls that are designed to achieve certain_______ and________ performance benefits, so that they can be funded, designed, installed, and maintained with a ___________--.
measurable replicable higher degree of confidence
Hardness is a
measure of calcium and magnesium ions dissolved in water
Mediterranean summer/winter climate plant types
mild wet winters and warm and dry summers evergreen or drought deciduous shrublands.
biodiverse plantings benefits 1 2
minimize risk of catastrophic failure habitat for lots of wildlife
prarie rainfall amount dominate vegetation
moderate rainfall grasses, herbs, and shrubs
Green wall systems can be constructed from 1 2
modular pre-vegetated panels planted blankets
Planting design on green roofs 1 2 3
monocultures of turf sedums, or succulents biodiverse habitats consisting of hundreds of plant species.
WALL SCAFFOLDING + HANGING PLANTER MODULES benefits 1
more adaptable
Higher salt concentration =>
more difficult for plants to uptake water.
Nursery containers benefits 1 2 nonbenefits 1 2 3
more established plants resources to establish itself once planted starts in unsuitable soil weight need deep
The taller the building the _________ it is to get material to the rooftop
more expensive
Thermal plastic root protection barriers 1 2
more expensive provide protection from larger plants
Plants less tolerant of heat can be positioned to take advantage of
morning sunlight/afternoon shade
Contemporary green facades use support systems because
most modern building materials are not suitable for self-clinging plants
metal supports for green facades should be _____ , _______and ________ to avoid heat damage
narrow far from wall reflective
adaption for high wind 1 2 3
narrow leaves fibrous/tap root systems short stature
CONNECTION WITH NATURAL SYSTEMS Awareness of __________, especially ________ and ____________changes characteristic of a healthy ecosystem.
natural processes seasonal temporal
Riverine flooding occurs when 1. 2.
natural stream flow exceeds the carrying capacity of the river stream's main channel and areas beyond the banks become inundated.
plastic is not good for green facades because
no strength/durability
In order to take up heat more slowly soil should ________
not be allowed to dry
problems with rope green facades 1
not durable
wind blankets 1. 2.
offer protection against scouring until plants can be established. supply organic nutrients to the growth media.
ROOT-PROTECTION BARRIER
often incorporated in the waterproofing membrane as a chemical barrier, but the most common method is to use a physical barrier such as geotextile fabric.
MULCH LAYER:This can be an _________ or ________ layer
organic inorganic
aesthetics
our response to patterns, shapes, colors, textures.
With intensive green roofs, the heaviest loads should be located ___________ , with the lightest or thin substrates located__________
over structural supports at the mid-span of the concrete slab
When wind is perpendicular to the high-rise building, the wind is diverted 1 2 3 4
over the roof around the ends of the building down the façade to ground level up the façade to roof level.
Modular green wall systems consist of
panels that hold growing media to support plant material.
salinity is expressedin
parts per million, or in electro-conductivity.
Drip and tube system attachments 1 2
pegged to surface buried in substrate
extra considerations for the carrying capacity of accessible green roofs
people furniture barbeques pools/water features
successful green roof plants are 1 2 3
perennial low-growing shallow-rooted
gravitropism
plant growth in a direction influenced by gravity
phototropism
plants grow outwards towards the full sun until gravity takes over and the plant starts to bend downwards.
PERENNIAL:
plants that live for more than two years
annual
plants with a life cycle that lasts only one year.
Most plants on green roofs are installed using______ and ____
plugs and cuttings.
factors that determine growing medium are based upon 1 2
porosity grain size.
the wind loading on the fixing device onto the façade is extremely critical given the
potential air pressure differential in the gap between the façade and rear of the framing system.
"pH" means
potential hydrogen, or power of hydrogen.
Good drainage is essential for a successful green roof to 1 2
prevent over saturation of the growing medium provide the plant roots with ventilation.
impervious coverage increases volume of runoff by
preventing stormwater from entering the soil
Combination drain core/root barrier serves as 1 2 3
protection board drainage layer root barrier.
in semi arid deserts spiny plants 1 2
provide protection provide shade to reduce evapotranspiration
features of organic mulch 1 2
provides nutrients to plants must be replaced
When damage due to clinging vines occurs, it happens when they are _____________
pulled off
cutting benefits 1 2 3 nonbenefits 1 2 3
quicker than seeds may not require irrigation less labor than seeds reduce plant choices can't have elaborate design more expensive than seeds
Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM)
reduces water loss by opening plants stomates during the night, storing carbon dioxide for photosynthesis, and then closing their stomates during the day, reducing losses from transpiration
in semi arid deserts reflective leaves allow plants to
reflect more radient energy
irrigation in green wall modules
require irrigation at different levels along the wall using gravity to move the water through the growing media
Praries are considered part of the temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands biome because
similar temperate climate
hydropnic substrates inorganic 1 2 3 4 5 organic 1 2
rockwoll perlite vermiculite lava rock expanded clay pellets coconut coir peat moss
Sod roofs of great plains roof features and purposes 1. 2.
roof overhung the walls to protect them from erosion by rain roofs were made of growing sod, which provided insulation
Different irrigation regimes may need to be set according to the 1 2
seasons local conditions.
Glade ecosystem soil: summer climate: winter climate: vegetation:
shallow rocky soil in growing season high temp.&low moisture in winter wet soil vegetation = prairie grass and forbs
Fabric root barriers are best suited to _______-green roofs propagated with________ and _________
shallower Sedums succulents
function of mulch layer
shield the substrate from extreme heat and wind.
Sod roofs in the great plains construction technique and why:
shortage of timber --> structures were constructed of bricks of soil heavily grown with buffalo grass.
hydrograph
showing the rate of flow in m^3/s (discharge) versus time
GREEN FAÇADE WATERING SYSTEM If planted in the ground, the vegetation would require __________ However, if the green façade system is planted in an elevated planting container then the water supply requirements will be_________
similar water requirements to an in-ground garden bed of similar size. similar to any containerized planting bed with drip or subsoil irrigation.
plugs are a compromise between cost and flexibility since they can be _________ and are ________. other benefit: 1 2
sized to the growth medium relatively inexpensive allows for precise planting designs. easily packed and shipped into boxes
The major problem associated with sloped green roofs is
slippage
vegetation barriers ensure that
slower-growing plants are not overrun by more aggressive species.
The roof of a barabarawas generally made from ___________ layered over a __________ frame
sod and grass wood or whale bone
semi arid desert soil type
soil can range from sandy and fine-textured to loose rock fragments, gravel or sand
Wilting point
soil moisture the plant requires not to wilt
To build on steeper pitches above 7:12 (30%-58%) it's necessary to use 1 2
special media mixes specialized devices
seeded green roofs should be sewn in _____ or ________
spring or fall
green roof implementation issues 1 2 3 4
staging scheduling conveyance methods coordination of trades
psychological benefits of biophilia 1 2
stress reduction improved health and outlook
A ______, _______,___________,______irrigation system is usually installed into the growing medium.
subsoil low-volume low-pressure drip
self-clinging plants can damage buildings with
sucker root system
semi arid desert temperatures summer temp max temp evening temp
summer 21-27°Cr max temp 38°C evening temp 10 deg C
benefits of commercial growth media
suppliers have conducted saturation testing to determine the saturated weight of their growth media formulations
LEED categories 1 2 3 4 5 6
sustainable sites water efficiency energy and atmosphere materials and resources indoor environmental quality innovation in design.
Capillary systems are ideal for
systems 8 inches or less.
Glass fiber green facades benefits 1 2 3 non-benefits 1
tensile strength doesn't corrode light weight expensive
Living building challenge introduced by ______ in _______
the Cascadia Chapter of the USGBC 2006.
When wind is diverted around the building, 1 the velocities change as ____________________ 2______________ are also created on the leeward side of building
the air is compressed around the building corners wind shadows
alkalinity is measured by
the amount of acid necessary to bring the pH of the water to neutral.
FIELD CAPACITY
the amount of soil moisture or water content held in the soil after excesswater has drained away and the rate of downward movement has decreased.
wind flow around high-rise buildings need to be understood in the context of a b
the building in isolation the city or street formation.
in outdoor green walls , __________ can provide a relatively even distribution of light and shade, but with fixed lighting special attention must be paid to ________ to avoid __________
the changing aspect of the sun planting design and layout overshadowing
increased wind velocity has an impact on 1 2 3 4
the growing conditions of the plants the structural capacity of the plants the structural capacity of the system how the system is fixed to the façade.
Living Architecture is defined as
the integration of living systems on or within a building envelope.
Saturation point
the stage beyond which no more of something can be absorbed or accepted, all the pores are filled with water
Mediterranean climate is considered a "biodiversity hotspot" because
these regions cover only slightly more than 2% of the world's land areas, the combined vascular plant flora of the five regions comprises approximately 20% of all the plant species in the world.
Geophytes are not usually applicable because
thin medium does not support larger bulbs
Installation method must be aligned with 1 2 3 4
timing, design, budget, and availability of resources.
In natural situations, groundwater and nutrients are found in the_________, usually at a depth of ________ so the plants' feeding roots are found in this layer.
topsoil layer 6-10 inches,
salinity measures
total dissolved salts in the water.
green roof plants must be _______ and__________ than plants found in most gardens
tougher less nutrient-reliant
Rooftops higher than 120 feet: These projects are stocked using a __________ b ____________. problems with (a) 1 2 problems wit (b). 1
tower crane elevator strict scheduling rehearsals bringing plants into building can be destructive
Green facade devices
trellises modular panels cable and wire-rope net systems.
plug spacing
two plugs per square feet
green facade
type of living wall in which climbing plants or cascading ground covers are supported on specially designed structures.
benefits of succulents 1 2 3 4
unsurpassed ability to survive drought wind condition store water in their leaves for extended periods, conserve water through CAM photosynthesis.
Total reliance on artificial light for green walls is considered __________ because ________-
unsustainable heavy resource use
TRELLIS / GUIDE WIRE features 1 2 3
vegetation at base of trellis soil and irrigation at bottom of system plants grow up
wall scaffolidng + hanger planter modules features 1 2 3
vegetation grown in planter modules with soil secured to wall via scaffolding integrated vertical irrigation system
mix of growth forms provides 1 2
visual interest ability for a sustainable ecological system
height of green roof determines
whether it is shaded by other buildings
clustered buildings or a street environment causes additional influences on a b c d e f these are due to .
wind patterns velocities Localized wind patterns and turbulence eddies swirls increased velocities wind forced through small openings or between buildings
higher rooftops cause greater 1 2
wind speed negative pressure
Two essential ways of growing hydroponically: 1 2
with the roots of the plants growing in a nutrient solution in an inert substrate.
barabaras lay partially underground in order to
withstand the high forces of wind
trellis materials 1 2
wood metal
perlite features (size) (weight) (water retention)
ypically .06 -.12 inches in size. Very lightweight (.8lb/gallon) retains about 4x its own weight in water
