Midterm (old questions)
Morale is defined as the: A. Overall mood of a group or individual, based on attitudes and satisfaction. B. Desire to act upon a psychological need. C. The willingness to make an effort toward accomplishment. D. Force of need or desire to act.
A
The distance of physical space that you maintain between other people and yourself is known as: A. Proxemics. B. Chronemics. C. Kinesics. D. Haptics.
A
What are the three parts of an attitude? A. Thoughts, feelings, and actions B. Esteem, concept, and image. C. Values, concepts, and morals. D. Norms, morals, and values.
A
When people say that someone is 'real' or 'seems real', what are they referring to? A. That the person is good at self-disclosure. B. That the person has a strong 'need' to get along with people. C. That the person is driven by strong sense of approval seeking from others. D. That the person derives his purpose from pleasing others.
A
The study of human relations has two goals: personal development and growth, and ____. A. Manipulation of human behavior B. Achievement of an organization's objectives C. Finding quick fixes for personal problems D. Finding a cure-all for organizational problems
B
Developing your self-awareness is a process of: A. Strengthening your self-image by giving positive self-suggestions. B. Establishing external locus of control. C. Assuming more positive looking-glass self image than it deserves to be. D. Discovering your real self.
D
Identify the statement that accurately describes the 'hidden' pane in the Johari Window. A. This pane contains everything about you that other people can see but you can't. B. This pane contains information on childhood memories that people block for various reasons. C. It is the pane that increases in size as you build trust in your relationship with people. D. This pane contains information you are aware of but is unknown to others.
D
People typically FILTER the messages they receive because: A. they have a capacity for listening at a speed that far exceeds the ability of the fastest speaker. B They are overwhelmed with incoming information and have to decide which information will be remembered and processed. C. They can't give full attention to every message due to information overload. D. Sometimes they want something to be true so badly that they interpret the message to make it true.
D
Ryan, an employee at a manufacturing company, wanted to get promoted to the post of supervisor. His company offered the incentive of a week-long fishing trip for high performers. This did not motivate Ryan to perform well. This happened because the reward lacked ____. A. Expectancy B. Instrumentality C. Autonomy D. Valence
D
The study of human relations becomes important because for all of the reasons (EXCEPT): A. Acceptance of human rights B. It emphasizes people as human resources. C. It renews emphasis on working groups. D. It emphasizes the knowledge of computer and technology.
D
According to John Powell, if you are honest and open, peak communication can happen regularly with your friends, colleagues, and family.
False
Group dynamics is defined as the positive consideration or regard that two people have for each other
False
Having a healthy self-concept means not being concerned about what others think of you.
False
Human Relations is just common sense
False
Red flag words contribute to improve effective communication
False
Theory X managers see workers as, "Happy to work, able to assume responsibility, and overall quite creative"
False
When Nina got a "D" on one of her papers, she said to herself, "I should have studied instead of watching movies all night with my friends, next time I'll do better." Nina has an external locus of control.
False
When parents show children 'conditional positive regard', children develop a healthy self-esteem.
False
When people refer to attitudes, they are referring to values
False
When people with high achievement needs fail, they place blame on others, on bad luck, or on fate
False
Aggressiveness
Hurting others and putting them on the defensive
Script
In relationship transactions, a psychological script like a movie or theater script, with characters, dialogue, and so on, that most people heard as children; used in transactional analysis.
First, second and third-degree games
In transactional analysis, categories of games based on intensity of play. First-degree games are relatively harmless; second-degree games are moderately harmful; third-degree games are extremely damaging.
Participative Leaders
Leaders who encourage the group to work together toward shared goals.
Autocratic Leaders
Leaders who make all the decisions and use authority and material rewards to motivate followers
Free-rein Leaders
Leaders who set performance standards then allow followers to work creatively to meet the standards
Consultative Leaders
Leaders who tend to delegate authority and confer with others in making decisions.
Legitimate Power
Power based on the position a person holds in an organization that is effective only when followers believe in the structure that produces this power.
Expert Power
Power that comes from a person's knowledge or skill in areas that are critical to the success of the firm.
Coercive Power
Power that depends on the threat of possible punishment.
Networking Power
Power that is attained by gaining contacts and knowing the right people.
Charismatic Power
Power that is based on the attractiveness a person has to others.
Assertiveness
Standing up for your rights without threatening the self-esteem of the other person.
Culture Stories
Stories that illustrate the values of the people who make an organization work.
Power
The ability of one person to influence another.
Personal Competence
The ability to be self-aware, motivated, and self-regulated
Leadership
The ability to influence others to work toward the goals of an organization
Emotional Intelligence (EI)
The ability to see and control your own emotions and to understand the emotional states of other people
Task Activity
The assignment of tasks to get a job done.
Group Process
The way group members deal with one another while working on a task.
Intelligence
Traditionally seen as reasoning ability, as measured by standardized tests.
If a job calls for creativity in decision making, low self-esteem may keep an individual from making risky decision
True
In high-context cultures one must be very careful about cultural norms, nonverbal behaviors on both sides and anything else involving the overall atmosphere of the communication
True
Intrinsic factors often provide more powerful motives than extrinsic factors do
True
Johari Window deals with two factors: people's understanding of themselves and the way they interact with others based on that level of understanding.
True
Maslow's hierarchy of needs shows that people tend to satisfy their needs in a certain order: first, physiological needs, then safety and security, belongingness and love, esteem, and finally, self-actualization
True
Much of what you communicate is done unconsciously
True
One reason for self-disclosure is that it allows honest and open communication.
True
People with high achievement need are attracted to careers such as sales and business ownership.
True
Self-disclosure is the process of letting other people know what you are really thinking and feeling
True
Self-fulfilling prophecy is a tendency for a prediction to actually occur once it is believed.
True
The ability to communicate well on the job is often called the most important job skill for employees
True
The blind pane of the Johari can hide good qualities in people as well as bad traits.
True
The failure to self-disclose can result in the waste of time and energy.
True
The two sets of behaviors now considered the most important for new job applicants are communication skills and human relations
True
Work Team
A group of employees with shared goals who join forces on a work project.
A person with a positive attitude is more likely to have an external locus of control
False
Instrumental values are more likely to maintain a high priority throughout your life as compared to terminal values
False
Statements such as "I want to be a great success" is a good example of positive self-talk.
False
Organizational Climate
The emotional weather within an organization that reflects the norms and attitudes of the organization's culture and effects worker moral.
Defensiveness
The inappropriate reaction to another's behavior as though it was an attack
Team Building
The process of creating and encouraging a group of employees to work together toward achieving group goals and increased productivity.
In the context of self-disclosure, a "nice person" that the American culture has come to glorify is somebody who: A. Doesn't threaten the listener and who makes others feel approved of and comfortable. B. Doesn't have the "need" to be liked and accepted by others. C. Balances the need to nurture himself with the need to be accepted by others. D. Is not a slave to other people's opinions and who does his or her own thing.
A
Kelli thinks of herself as an excellent student in her ideal self. Then she gets her first graded exam back from her instructor, and the grade at the top of the paper is a D. This is an example of: A. The distance between Kelli's real self and ideal self. B. Kelli's looking-glass self is more positive than it deserves to be. C. Kelli's ideal self and her self image don't match. D. Kellii paying attention to messages about her ideal self.
A
Formal Group
A group that is usually governed by the formal structure of the organization.
Informal Group
A group that tends to form around common interests, habits, and personality traits.
Emotional Competence
A learned capability based on emotional intelligence; results in outstanding performance at work
Emotional Mind
A powerful, impulsive, sometimes illogical awareness; an ability to perceive emotions
Groupthink
A problematic type of thinking that results from group members who are overly willing to agree with one another because of time pressure, stress, and low collective self-esteem
Norm
A standard of behavior expected of group members.
Psychological Contract
An agreement that is not written or spoken but is understood between people.
Reward Power
An agreement that is not written or spoken but is understood between people.
Rational Mind
An awareness of reality, which allows you to ponder and reflect.
Game
An encounter between two people that produces a "payoff" for the one who starts the game, at the expense of the other player
Organizational Culture
An organization's network that includes the shared values and assumptions within it
10. Mutual respect: A. Is the knowledge of how you are being perceived by others. B. Can exist only when your self-esteem is stable. C. Is the process of letting other people know what you are really thinking and feeling D. Allows individuals to know what in their own behavior is being perceived as real by other people.
B
Identify the esteem needs. A. Having an orderly way of life B. Recognition from peers and colleagues C. Acceptance from family and friends D. Reaching one's full potential
B
Nina is against all forms of cheating and works diligently for her semester examinations. But during her financial accounting paper, she seeks help from her classmate. How is this behavior most likely to affect Nina? A. It could lead to cognitive dissonance. B. It could weaken Nina's external locus of control. C. It could lead to content conflict. D. It could strengthen Nina's internal locus of control.
B
People who have high self-esteem are more likely to succeed in achieving their personal goals because: A. They are motivated by a need to compensate through achievement. B. They are driven by a desire to see their dreams and goals achieved. C. They focus their energies on a single strength to make up for their overall weakness. D. They work hard to measure up to others' achievements and goals.
B
When you say to yourself, "Other people are always asking me for help in their data analyses. I must be pretty good at that." It is an example of: A. Self-esteem. B. Self-concept C. Self-disclosure. D. Self-effacing.
B
Which of the following best defines a grapevine? A. Messages that are communicated between you and your equals in the formal organization. B. A network within the organization that communicates incomplete, but usually somewhat accurate information. C. A gossip network that produces mostly false information. D. Messages that are communicated according to an organization's chain of command by flowing both upward and downward.
B
Which of the following can be described as "emotional weather in organizations that affects the employee morale?" A. Corporate Culture B. Organizational climate C. Company core values D. Key success area
B
Which of the following statements is true about communication? A. If a speaker's nonverbal signals disagree with the words being said, it is best to believe the words. B. Communication includes listening as well as speaking. C. In a formal communication, nonverbal expressions should ideally be avoided. D. The main cause of selective listening during communication is lack of information.
B
Conformity
Behaving in a way that meets a specified standard in coordination with a group.
A person with a high need for achievement: A. Supports an individual with little motivation. B. Supports the frustration-regression principle. C. Supports one's need for being very goal oriented. D. Supports one's need for limited challenges.
C
Happy people can plan and manage their time well primarily because: A. they believe in luck, fate, or chance. B. they have a very positive looking-glass self. C. they have an internal locus of control. D. they derive their purpose from pleasing others.
C
Nonconversation is a way to describe the amount of actual conversation in: A. Gut-level communication. B. Peak communication. C. Cliché conversation. D. Transpersonal conversation.
C
Which of the following best defines illustrators? A. Gestures that are used to control the flow of communication. B. Gestures that are used like nonverbal punctuation marks C. Gestures that are used to clarify a point. D. Gestures that are used in a specific manner because they have a specific meaning.
C
Which of the following best describes values? A. It is the evaluation of people, ideas, issues, situations, or objects. B. It is the way people conceive or see themselves. C. It is the worth or importance people attach to different factors in their life. D. It is the awareness of reality, which allows people to ponder and reflect.
C
Which of the following statements about human relations is true? A. It is about enforcing people do what you want them to do. B. It is a study in understanding human behavior in order to manipulate others. C. It includes a desire to understand others and their talents and abilities. D. It is just common sense.
C
Which of the following statements is true about competition in the workplace? A. The increasing number of people doing business on the Internet has resulted in a decline in competition among businesses. B. Competitiveness is yet to reach rural areas where small businesses still don't feel the pressure. C. Due to increased competition, having a college degree is no longer a ticket to a meaningful career. D. Countries such as China, India, and other Asian nations are yet to create an impact on the world markets.
C
Why is the blind pane disturbing to some people? A. It is disturbing because it involves a higher degree of self-disclosure than the other panes. B. It is disturbing because it harbors traumatic and repressed childhood memories. C. It is disturbing because it contains everything about you other people can see but you can't. D. It is disturbing because it contains information that you want to hide from other people.
C
Self-efficacy is the: A. Use of a single strength to make up for a real or perceived weakness. B. Regard in which an individual holds himself or herself. C. Way individual conceives or sees himself or herself. D. Confidence an individual has in his or her ability to deal with problems.
D
Which of the following statements is true about values and attitudes? A. Attitudes are inborn and values are developed on the basis of observation and attitudes. B. Attitudes are much deeper than values and they often conflict with the former. C. Values and attitudes are two different names for the same set of perceptions. D. Values affect attitudes. They are not the same. Values are a deeper and in some ways more important part of one's life.
D
Eight Intelligences
Eight separate areas in which people put their perceptiveness and abilities to work. (Language, Math and Logic, Music, Spatial Reasoning, Movement, Interpersonal Intelligence, Interpersonal intelligence, naturalist intelligence)
Social Competence
Empathy for others combined with sensitivity and effective social skills.
Hidden Agendas
Secret wishes, hopes, desires and assumptions hidden from the group. People often try to accomplish hidden agendas while pretending to care about the group goals.
Status
The rank an individual holds within a group
Authority
The vested power to influence or command within an organization.
A corporate culture is a system of shared values throughout any given company or other organization
True
Relevance timing means that communication should fit the other topics being discussed
True
Your attitudes toward people are the result of the beliefs and feelings you have about yourself and about other people.
True
Group
Two or more people who interact, share common goals, have unspoken or formal rules or norms, maintain stable role relationships and form subgroups