Migration Terms
step migration
- A series of shorter, less extreme migrations from a person's place of origin to final destination
Pull Factors
- Attractive qualities that cause you to immigrate/come to a particular country - Examples: Religion, Booming Economy, Technology
Intervening Obstacles and Opportunities
- Causes people to not reach their desired destination - Obstacles: mountains, bodies of water, legal documents, money - Opportunities: jobs
Guest Workers
- Immigrants who enter a country legally and temporally in order to fill a labor need. - Time Contract Workers
chain migration (kinship links)
- Migration of people to a specific location because relatives or members of the same nationality previously migrated there
Periodic Movement
- Mobility away from one's permanent home for a longer period of time; movement that involves temporary and recurrent relocation - Happens at a specific time
Cyclical Movement
- Mobility that has a closed route and that occurs on a regular basis ("leave and come back" daily)
Mobility
- Movement that occurs on a more regular basis
counter-urbanization
- Net migration from urban to rural areas in more developed countries.
pastoral nomadism
- Periodic Movement - a recurrent movement that has an irregular pattern; in general occurs in arid or semiarid areas; seasonal changes determine the location of herds, flocks and their caretakers.
transhumance
- Periodic Movement - A pattern of regular movement of Livestock from point A to point B and back. - Example: Moving sheep to the Swiss Alps during the warm months, and bringing them back down into the valleys during the cooler months
Seasonal Movement
- Periodic Movement - Moving with the seasons - Example: Migrant Worker moving to pick fruits and vegetables
International Migration
- Permanent migration from one country to another
Forced Migration
- Permanent movement compelled usually by cultural factors or conflicts within the country
interregional migration
- Permanent movement from one region of a country to another
Voluntary Migration
- Permanent movement undertaken by choice
internal migration
- Permanent movement within a particular country
intraregional migration
- Permanent movement within one region of a country
Asylum
- Protection granted by a receiving nation towards people who are political refugees. - Example: Many Syrian refugees are seeking asylum in the countries of Europe.
return migration
- Returning migrants are persons returning to their country of citizenship after having been international migrants in another country.
Activity Space
- The area within which people move freely on their rounds of regular activity - Examples: school, work, church, stores, library
Gravity Model
- The bigger the city or area, the greater the distance people are willing to travel to get to that location - Example: People will be more willing to travel an hour to Chicago than an hour to Keeneyville.
Net-Migration
- The difference between the level of immigration and the level of emigration of a particular country
Friction of Distance
- The father away something is located, the less likely people will be willing to move/travel that distance to reach the destination
Immigration
- The process of individuals moving into a new country with the intentions of remaining there. - Move TO a new location
Emigration
- The process of moving out of a particular country, usually the person's country of origin. - Move FROM a location
Suburbanization
- The process of population movement from within towns and cities to the rural-urban fringe.
Push Factors
- Things that force you to emigrate/move away - Examples: War, bad neighborhoods, discrimination
Out-Migration
- To leave a region, community, etc, in order to move or settle into a different part of one's country or home territory.
In-Migration
- To move into a different region of the same country or territory.
Commuting
- Type of Cyclical Movement - Traveling some distance between one's home and place of work on a regular basis. - Example: Going to school, sports practice, and back home
refugee
- a person that is forced to leave his/her home and country due to internal conflict - Example: War causes people to leave and seek a new home (ongoing conflict)
IDP
- a person who is forced to leave his/her home due to internal conflict BUT remains within the country - Example: Natural disasters can temporarily force someone to leave their home (hurricane/tornado)
migrant worker
- a worker who moves from place to place to do seasonal work
Migration
- relocation to a permanent place
brain drain
- the loss of well-educated and talented people such as doctors or engineers to another country/region
Indentured Servant
A contact worker who enters into a multi-year contract where the migrant agrees to work for the person/company paying for his passage.
Inter-Continental Migration
A form of international migration that occurs from one continent to another.
Intracontinental migration
A form of international migration within a particular continent, but between two different countries.
Wave of Migration
A mass in-migration to a single destination.
Diaspora
A mass out-migration from a country to many other parts of the world.
Nativism
An ethnocentric, anti-immigration response of people in a country to the arrival new immigrants.
Remittances
Money that immigrants send back to family members in their country of origin.
Repatriation
The process by which a refugee is able to return to his/her country of origin once it is safe to do so.
