Migration Terms

step migration

- A series of shorter, less extreme migrations from a person's place of origin to final destination

Pull Factors

- Attractive qualities that cause you to immigrate/come to a particular country - Examples: Religion, Booming Economy, Technology

Intervening Obstacles and Opportunities

- Causes people to not reach their desired destination - Obstacles: mountains, bodies of water, legal documents, money - Opportunities: jobs

Guest Workers

- Immigrants who enter a country legally and temporally in order to fill a labor need. - Time Contract Workers

chain migration (kinship links)

- Migration of people to a specific location because relatives or members of the same nationality previously migrated there

Periodic Movement

- Mobility away from one's permanent home for a longer period of time; movement that involves temporary and recurrent relocation - Happens at a specific time

Cyclical Movement

- Mobility that has a closed route and that occurs on a regular basis ("leave and come back" daily)

Mobility

- Movement that occurs on a more regular basis

counter-urbanization

- Net migration from urban to rural areas in more developed countries.

pastoral nomadism

- Periodic Movement - a recurrent movement that has an irregular pattern; in general occurs in arid or semiarid areas; seasonal changes determine the location of herds, flocks and their caretakers.

transhumance

- Periodic Movement - A pattern of regular movement of Livestock from point A to point B and back. - Example: Moving sheep to the Swiss Alps during the warm months, and bringing them back down into the valleys during the cooler months

Seasonal Movement

- Periodic Movement - Moving with the seasons - Example: Migrant Worker moving to pick fruits and vegetables

International Migration

- Permanent migration from one country to another

Forced Migration

- Permanent movement compelled usually by cultural factors or conflicts within the country

interregional migration

- Permanent movement from one region of a country to another

Voluntary Migration

- Permanent movement undertaken by choice

internal migration

- Permanent movement within a particular country

intraregional migration

- Permanent movement within one region of a country

Asylum

- Protection granted by a receiving nation towards people who are political refugees. - Example: Many Syrian refugees are seeking asylum in the countries of Europe.

return migration

- Returning migrants are persons returning to their country of citizenship after having been international migrants in another country.

Activity Space

- The area within which people move freely on their rounds of regular activity - Examples: school, work, church, stores, library

Gravity Model

- The bigger the city or area, the greater the distance people are willing to travel to get to that location - Example: People will be more willing to travel an hour to Chicago than an hour to Keeneyville.

Net-Migration

- The difference between the level of immigration and the level of emigration of a particular country

Friction of Distance

- The father away something is located, the less likely people will be willing to move/travel that distance to reach the destination

Immigration

- The process of individuals moving into a new country with the intentions of remaining there. - Move TO a new location

Emigration

- The process of moving out of a particular country, usually the person's country of origin. - Move FROM a location

Suburbanization

- The process of population movement from within towns and cities to the rural-urban fringe.

Push Factors

- Things that force you to emigrate/move away - Examples: War, bad neighborhoods, discrimination

Out-Migration

- To leave a region, community, etc, in order to move or settle into a different part of one's country or home territory.

In-Migration

- To move into a different region of the same country or territory.

Commuting

- Type of Cyclical Movement - Traveling some distance between one's home and place of work on a regular basis. - Example: Going to school, sports practice, and back home

refugee

- a person that is forced to leave his/her home and country due to internal conflict - Example: War causes people to leave and seek a new home (ongoing conflict)

IDP

- a person who is forced to leave his/her home due to internal conflict BUT remains within the country - Example: Natural disasters can temporarily force someone to leave their home (hurricane/tornado)

migrant worker

- a worker who moves from place to place to do seasonal work

Migration

- relocation to a permanent place

brain drain

- the loss of well-educated and talented people such as doctors or engineers to another country/region

Indentured Servant

A contact worker who enters into a multi-year contract where the migrant agrees to work for the person/company paying for his passage.

Inter-Continental Migration

A form of international migration that occurs from one continent to another.

Intracontinental migration

A form of international migration within a particular continent, but between two different countries.

Wave of Migration

A mass in-migration to a single destination.

Diaspora

A mass out-migration from a country to many other parts of the world.

Nativism

An ethnocentric, anti-immigration response of people in a country to the arrival new immigrants.

Remittances

Money that immigrants send back to family members in their country of origin.

Repatriation

The process by which a refugee is able to return to his/her country of origin once it is safe to do so.