Milady Chapter 5 Infection Control: Principles & Practices
Prevention begins and ends with
you.
What criteria do products on list D of disinfectants (EPA website) meet?
"Hospital grade" for most states.
What did HCS (Hazard Communication Standard) give workers in 1983?
"Right to know".
NEW GHS (Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals System) gives workers
"Right to understand".
Rules and regulations are more specific than
laws.
What information found on Regulatory information (Category 15) on SDS?
Agencies responsible for regulation of product.
How many categories are on the SDS?
16 categories, all sheets organized identically.
In what year did representatives from (most nations) United Nations and OSHA agree to comply with Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals System (GHS)?
2012.
What information is found on Hazard Identification (Category 2) on SDS?
All hazards of using chemical.
Disease
Abnormal condition of all or part of the body, or its systems or organs, that makes body incapable of carrying on normal function.
What are the four types of microorganizms?
Bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites.
Infectious
Caused by or capable of being transmitted by infection.
Infectious Disease
Caused by pathogenic (harmful) organisms that enter body. May be spread from one person to another.
Cilia
Cell movement, much shorter than flagella, require many more to create movement. Rowing-like motion.
Bacteria
One-celled microorganisms, have plant and animal characteristics, some harmful, some harmless. Look like tiny bags under microscope, consist of outer cell wall (contains liquid called protoplasm).
What information is found in Stability/reactivity (Category 10) on SDS?
Chemical Stability and possibility of hazardous reactions.
Sanitizing
Chemical process for reducing number of disease-causing germs on cleaned surfaces to a safe level.
Disinfection
Chemical process, uses specific products to destroy harmful organisms (most, not necessarily all) on environmental surfaces.
Disinfectants
Chemical products that destroy MOST bacteria (NOT spores), fungi, and viruses on surfaces.
What information is found on Physical/Chemical Properties (Category 9) on SDS?
Chemical's characteristics.
Terms more common for infection control professionals to use.
Cleaning, disinfecting, and sterilizing.
Pathogenic bacteria classifications:
Cocci, Staphylococci, Streptococci, Diplococci, Bacilli, Spirilla.
Cosmetologists must be aware of changes or updates (rules and regulations) and must?
Comply with them.
Ocupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
Created as part of U.S. Department of Labor (DOL) to regulate and enforce safety/health standards to protect employees in workplace.
Hazard Communication Standard (HCS)
Created by Occupational Safety and Health Act 1970. Requires chemical manufacturers and importers assess/communicate potential hazards associated with their products.
Tuberculosis
Disease caused by bacteria, transmitted through coughing or sneezing, not transmitted on surfaces.
Hospital disinfectants
Designated by EPA as being effective enough to be used in hospital setting (nonporous surface, control spread of disease).
Safety Data Sheet (SDS) previously known as Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)
Documents supplied to employees for all chemical products manufactured and sold.
Where can you find EPA-approved list of disinfectants?
EPA website, epa.gov
What information is contained in Ecological Information (Category 12) on SDS?
Effects on wastewater/environment.
What is found on Accidental release measures (Category 6) on SDS?
Emergency procedures, protective equipment; proper methods of containment/clean-up.
True or False: Only some employees must read information included on each SDS and verify by adding signature to sign-off sheet for product.
False, ALL
True of False: Federal laws require salons to obtain SDSs from chemical product manufacturers/or distributors for each professional product used.
False, Federal and State laws
Who writes laws determining scope of practice and establishes guidelines for regulatory agencies to make rules?
Federal and State Legislatures.
Active stage (bacteria)
Grow and reproduce. Multiply best in warm, dark, damp, dirty places. When largest size reached, divide into two new cells.
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) result of
HCS.
What issues do OSHA standards address?
Handling, mixing, storing, and disposing of products; general safety in workplace; right to know about potentially hazardous ingredients contained in products used and how to avoid hazards.
Which are state regulatory agencies?
Licensing agencies, state boards of cosmetology, commissions, and health departments.
What information is found on First-aid measures (Category 4) SDS?
Important symptoms/effects-acute/delayed; required treatment.
What are salon professionals not allowed to treat or recommend treatments for?
Infections, diseases, or abnormal conditions. (refer to physicians)
What information is contained in Fire-fighting measures (Category 5) SDS?
Suitable extinguishing techniques, equipment; chemical hazards from fire.
What information is contained on Composition/Information on ingredients (Category 3) on SDS?
Information on chemical ingredients.
Infection
Invasion of body tissues by disease-causing pathogens.
Nonporous
Item that is made or constructed of material that has no pores or openings, cannot absorb liquids.
When did it become a requirement, by both, federal and state laws, for manufacturers to supply Safety Data Sheet (SDS)?
June 2015.
Clean
Mechanical process (scrubbing) using soap and water or detergent and water to remove all visible dirt, debris, many disease-causing germs (tools, implements, equipment). Also removes invisible debris that interferes with disinfecting. Cosmetologists required to do before disinfecting.
Infection Control
Methods used to eliminate or reduce transmission of infectious organisms.
Mycobacterium Fortuitum
Microscopic germ normally existent in tap water in small numbers.
What are disinfectants listed as on EPA's website?
Not "hospital grade" but listed based on pathogens effective against.
What information is contained in Exposure Controls/personal protection (Category 8) on SDS?
OSHA's Permissible Exposure Limits (PEL); Personal Protective Equipment (PPE).
Who requires SDSs be kept available in salon for all products?
OSHA/State regulatory agencies.
What does a manufacturer have to do before selling disinfecting products?
Obtain EPA registration number (certifying disinfectant, when used correctly) will be effective against pathogens on label.
What information is contained on Revision Date (Category 16) on SDS?
Original date of document and any revision.
What info found on Handling and Storage (Category 7) on SDS?
Precautions for safe handling and storage, incompatibilities.
What information is found on Identification (Category 1) on SDS?
Product identifier; manufacturer or distributor w/contact information (including emergency phone number); recommended use and restrictions (use).
Why are standards set by OSHA important to cosmetology industry?
Products used in salons.
What information is found on Disposal consideration (Category 13) on SDS?
Proper Disposal/Disposal restrictions.
Tuberculocidal disinfectants
Proven to kill bacteria that cause tuberculosis. Can be harmful to salon tools and equipment, may require special methods of disposal.
Streptococci
Pus-forming bacteria arranged in curved lines (string of beads). Strep throat, blood poisoning.
Staphylococci
Pus-forming bacteria, grow in clusters (bunches of grapes). Cause abscesses, pustules, and boils. Some may not cause infections (healthy humans), others may be deadly.
What are the most commonly used groups in Hospital disinfectants?
Quarternary ammonium compounds (Quats), use in non-critical (non-invasive) environments, effective against most pathogens.
"Hospital Grade"
Term not used by EPA, EPA does not grade disinfectants; product either approved by EPA as hospital disinfectant or not.
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
Registers all types of disinfectants sold and used in the United States.
What are some key points of the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970?
Regulating employee exposure to potentially toxic substances/ informing employees about possible hazardous materials used in workplace.
What information is found on Transport information (Category 14) on SDS?
Restrictions on transportation.
Cocci
Round shaped bacteria, appear singly (alone) or in groups. Rarely demonstrate movement (generally transmitted: air, dust, within substance in which settle).
What information is found in Toxicology information (Category 11) on SDS?
Routes of exposure, related symptoms, acute and chronic effects.
What terms cause confusion, on proper use, in beauty industry?
Sanitation (garbage removal), cleaning, sanitizing, disinfecting, and sterilizing.
Motility
Self-movement.
Bacilli (singular: bacillus)
Shirt, rod-shaped bacteria. Most common, produce diseases such as tetanus (lockjaw), typhoid fever, tuberculosis, diphtheria. Capable of movement, flagella.
Flagella
Slender, hair-like extensions for locomotion (moving about). Snake-like motion.
Diplococci
Spherical bacteria, grow in pairs, cause diseases such as pneumonia.
Spirilla
Spiral or corkscrew-shaped bacteria. Subdivided groups syphilis (sexually transmitted disease, STD) and Lyme disease. Capable of movement, flagella.
Laws=
Statutes.
Professionals in Healthcare and scientific communities (disease prevention and epidemiology) and associations _____________________________________ do not use terms interchangeably.
The Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology.
What criteria do products on list E meet (EPA website)?
Tuberculocidal, in states where that is required.
Why are pictograms (internationally recognized) used on SDS?
To ensure information is being communicated in easily recognizable formats.
True or False: Agency can issue penalties against salon owner AND cosmetologist.
True.
True or False: OSHA and State Board Inspectors can issue fines to salons for NOT having SDS.
True.
What do penalties include?
Warnings, fines, probation, suspension and revocation of license.
OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration) should be viewed as
agency designed to ensure safe workplace for all U.S. workers.
GHS initiative designed to create label standards to be used
around globe, includes use of specific pictograms to indicate possible safety concerns, also to adopt 16 category, standard format SDS (Safety Data Sheet) to replace MSDS.
SDSs sign-off sheets must be _______________ to federal and state inspectors upon request.
available
Disinfectants in salons must be
bactericidal, virucidal, fungicidal. (Mix/use, following labels for safety and effectiveness)
Rules establish specific standards of _______________ and can be ________________ or __________________ frequently.
conduct, changed, updated
Against federal law to use any disinfecting product
contrary to labeling.
Pathogens of concern (cosmetology) effectively destroyed by
disinfection process (required in all states).
Regulatory agencies require
employees in a salon or spa follow specific procedures.
Many ____________ and ______________ agencies regulate the practice of cosmetology.
federal, state
Clean/disinfecting designed to prevent spread of
infection and disease.
Enforcement of rules through ______________ and ________________ of consumer complaints part of agency's responsibility.
inspections, investigations
STATE agencies regulate
licensing, enforcement, and conduct when working in salon.
SDS can be downloaded from product _____________ or _____________ website.
manufacturer, distributor's
FEDERAL agencies set guidelines for
manufacturing, sale, use of equipment/chemical ingredients, monitor safety in workplace, place limits on types of services (salons).
SDS can be sent to a ____________ ____________ so doctor can better assess/treat patient.
medical facility
If label instructions for mixing, contact time, and type of surface product can be used on, are not followed it is considered
not complying with federal law. (considered responsible, injury-related lawsuit)
Not having SDSs available
poses health risks (anyone exposed) and violates federal/state regulations.
Rules are written by _______________________ or _______________________ and determine how law must be applied.
regulatory agency, state board
Term cleaning, used consistently not interchangeable with
sanitizing (sanitation).
Most pathogens of concern adequately destroyed by
standard EPA registered disinfectants and do not require tuberculocidal disinfectants.