Milady State board Cosmetology

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Does not contain ingredients that will clog the follicles, aggravating acne prone skin:

Noncomedogenic

Sensory nerve fibers

Definition:Fibers of the sensory nerves that react to heat, cold, touch, pressure, and pain. These sensory receptors send messages to the brain.

keratin

Definition:Fibrous protein of cells that is also the principal component of hair and nails.

Apex

Definition:Highest point on the top of the head.

natural immunity

Definition:Immunity that is partly inherited and partly developed through healthy living.

broad spectrum sunscreen

Definition:Means that the sunscreen product has been shown to protect against both UV-A and UV-B radiation of the sun.

waveform

Definition:Measurement of the distance between two wavelengths.

Cast

Definition:Method of manufacturing shears; a metal-forming process whereby molten steel is poured into a mold and, once the metal is cooled, takes on the shape of the mold.

hair pressing

Definition:Method of temporarily straightening extremely curly or unruly hair by means of a heated iron or comb.

emulsifier

Definition:An ingredient that brings two normally incompatible materials together and binds them into a uniform and fairly stable blend.

Phenolic disinfectants

Definition:Powerful tuberculocidal disinfectants. They are a form of formaldehyde, have a very high pH, and can damage the skin and eyes.

fuse

Definition:Prevents excessive current from passing through a circuit.

Chemistry

Definition:Science that deals with the composition, structures, and properties of matter and how matter changes under different conditions.

trichology

Definition:Scientific study of hair and its diseases and care.

shaping

Definition:Section of hair that is molded in a circular movement in preparation for the formation of curls.

efficacy

Definition:The ability to produce an effect.

Nerves

Definition:Whitish cords made up of bundles of nerve fibers held together by connective tissue, through which impulses are transmitted.

single flat wrap

Perm wrap that is similar to double flat wrap but uses only one end paper, placed over the top of the strand of hair being wrapped.

What type of salon provides a high level of personal service and hires professionals whose technical expertise, personal appearance, and communication skills meet their high standards?

High-end image salons

A _____________ color is lighter than the client skin tone and may have matte or iridescent finish.

Highlight

People skills

Is salon can be thought of as a team environment that requires that you practice and perfect your ___.

curvature permanent wrap

Perm wraps in which partings and bases radiate throughout the panels to follow the curvature of the head.

deductive reasoning

The process of reaching logical conclusions by employing logical reasoning.

electrotherapy

The use of electrical currents to treat the skin.

What are texture services?

The variety of permanent waving and straightening services available for various hair types and conditions

The blue color of the barber pole represents what

The veins in the arms

Which action is acceptable at a job interview?

Thanking the salon owner for meeting with you

ethics

The moral principles by which we live and work.

thioglycolic acid

The most common reducing agent in permanent wave solutions. M: also known as perm solution

nail forms

Used as a guide to extend the nail enhancements beyond the fingertip for additional length.

Greek women applied _ to their cheeks and lips

Vermillion

Nail dehydrator

What substance is used to remove surface moisture and tiny amounts of oil left on the natural nail plate?

building gel

What type of UV or LED gel is used when sculpting light cured gel using forms

light cured gel

What type of nail enhancement product hardens when exposed to UV light and is also known as a UV and LED gel

Budget

What term refers to a plan to meet financial obligations?

The nail shape with a square free edge that extends slightly past the fingertip is known as ___________.

squoval

Values and goals

values and goals guide our behavior and give us direction.

straight across with rounded corners

when filling the toenial during a pedicure, the nails should be filed :

daily

fresh disinfectant solution for implements should be prepared:

Diplomacy

is the ability to deliver truthful, even sometimes critical or difficult, messages in a kind way. (AKA. tact)

A monomer is _______ called a molecule.

one unit

Single use implements are disposable and should be discarded after:

one use

___________________ is determined by the oiliness or dryness of the skin, is hereditary and cannot be permanently changed with treatments, although it can be improved with treatments

skin type

Yellow surface discoloration or stains on fingernails can be removed with _____________.

nail bleaches

The implement used to clean fingernails and remove debris is called a _____________.

nail brush

Color primers were created to actually _____________ skin discolorations.

neutralize

What treatments are usually more intensive products designed for use at night to treat specific skin problems and are heavier than day products ?

night treatments

Series

some improvements in feet requires more than one appointment in services referred to as :

_______ is the term used for the bristles of makeup brushes.

Hair

________ color needs to be taken into account when determining eye makeup.

Hair

Owner

Malpractice insurance is purchased by you, the ____.

The bottom cap Of the barber pole represents

The basin used to catch blood

demi-permanent hair color

hair color that doesn't lift, deposit only

Apply the brow color to the browse using short, __________ strokes.

hair like

The polymer in nail enhancements is represented by the:

powder

Monomer and polymer nail enhancements are made with:

powder and liquid

When preparing for a _______ exam, it is a good idea to make a list of the equipment you will need to take with you.

practical

base color

predominant tone of a color

Sarah Breedlove sold:

"Madam Walkers Wonderful Hair Grower"

As a beauty professional you are subject to many stresses, including all the following except?

24 hour coverage

The greatest success in the appearance of a nail polish application is achieved by using how many coats?

4

How much time should you schedule for a consultation with a first-time client?

5-15 minutes

wooden pusher

A wooden stick used to remove cuticle tissue from the nail plate (by gently pushing), to clean under the free edge of the nail, or to apply products.

urethane acrylate

A main ingredient used to create light cured gel nail enhancements.

Sole

A salon that is owned or operated by an individual is referred to a ___ proprietorship.

9

A UV lamp used to cure UV gels can use either 4- 6- 7- 8- or ______ - watt bulbs

Goal

A ___ is a benchmark that, once achieved, helps you realize your mission and your vision.

Partnership

A business structure where two or more people share ownership is a ____.

alkili

A caustic

basalt

A dark, fine grained volcanic rock used in hot stone massage;

Booth rental

A desirable working situation for practioners who are 70 percent booked all the time is ___ ___.

pus

A fluid created by infection.

round nail

A slightly tapered nail shape; it usually extends just a bit past the fingertip.

acidic solution

A solution that has a pH below 7.0 (neutral).

treatment cream

A specialty product designed to facilitate change in the skin's appearance.

Nylon brush

After the filing procedure, remove dust and filings with a clean and disinfected

hirsuties

Also known as hypertrichosis; growth of an unusual amount of hair on parts of the body normally bearing only downy hair, such as the faces of women or the backs of men.

Shimmer, glitter or frosted colors can ___________ the dry patches or wrinkles typical of mature skin.

Accent

What should be the primary focus of your resume?

Achievements and accomplishments

Hair porosity

Ability of the hair to absorb moisture.

A thin, elongated board with a rough surface

Abrasive

fine-grit abrasives

Abrasives 240 grit and higher designed for buffing, polishing, and removing very fine scratches.

ammonium thioglycolate (ATG)

Active ingredient or reducing agent in alkaline permanents.

Electric foot mitts

Add to the comfort of a pedicure service

What are modern versions of the perm called

Alkaline perms

apex

Also known as arch; the area of the nail that has all of the strength.

French hairdressers introducerd weaving the hair with

Aluminum foil

hydroxide neutralization

An acid-alkali neutralization reaction that neutralizes (deactivates) the alkaline residues left in the hair by a hydroxide relaxer and lowers the pH of the hair and scalp; hydroxide relaxer neutralization does not involve oxidation or rebuild disulfide bonds.

Identity

An agreement to buy an established salon should include _____ of the owner.

Financing

An important first step in seeking ___ to open a salon is develoing a business plan.

potassium hydroxide

An inorganic compound that degrates the protein in the callus cells.

base direction

Angle at which the rod is positioned on the head (horizontally vertically or diagonally); also, the directional pattern in which the hair is wrapped.

Cleanse brushes with an ________________ detergent followed by a commercial cleaning solution.

Antibacterial

pigmented gels

Any building or self-leveling gel that includes color pigment.

Nail wrap

Any method of securing a layer of fabric or paper on and around the nail tip to ensure its strength and durability is called a _____.

building gels

Any thick-viscosity adhesive resin that is used to build an arch and curve to the fingernail.

Backfill

Application of the enhancement product onto the new growth of the nail is commonly referred to as _____.

Which question can legally be asked at a job interview?

Are you physically able to preform this job?

Who created the cold wave

Arnold willatt

Wig

Artificial covering for the head consisting of a network of interwoven hair.

If a client is dissatisfied with a service, what is one of the first steps you should take?

Ask for specifics

Braid-and-sew method

Attachment method in which hair extensions are secured to client's own hair by sewing braids or a weft onto an on-the-scalp braid or cornrow, which is sometimes called the track.

nail creams

Barrier products that contain ingredients designed to seal the surface and hold subdermal moisture in the skin.

off-base placement

Base control in which the hair is wrapped at 45-degrees below the center of the base section, so the rod is positioned completely off its base.

Owning

Becoming your own boss, you have 2 main options to consider; ____ your own salon and booth rental.

Orange is complementary to:

Blue

medium-grit abrasives

Boards and buffers 150 to 180 grit that are used to smooth and refine surfaces and shorten natural nails.

lower-grit abrasives

Boards and buffers less than 180 grit that quickly reduce the thickness of any surface.

Salary plus commission

Brigida is paid based on an hourly rate as well as a percentage of whatever products she sells. Her pay plan is known as?

Another form of cheek color, is often added to give definition and a warm glow:

Bronzer

Maybe use to apply eyeshadow, blend eyeliner, apply lip balm, or to correct application mistakes.

Cotton swabs

foaming cleansers

Cleansers containing surfactants (detergents) which cause the product to foam and rinse off easily.

Design texture

Definition:Wave patterns that must be taken into consideration when designing a style.

Also known as pancake makeup, is a heavy coverage pressed powder that is applied to the field with a moistened cosmetic sponge:

Cake makeup

Max factors makeup was popular with movie stars because it wouldn't

Cake or crack

Bactericidal

Capable of destroying bacteria

Fungicidal

Capable of destroying fungi

Virucidal

Capable of destroying viruses

In the 20th century beauty applications began to follow trends set by

Celebrities and society figures

Style

Change your ___________ frequently, or as often as you feel comfortable to keep up with trends.

Also known as blush, use primarily to add color to the cheeks:

Cheek color

monomer liquid

Chemical liquid mixed with a polymer power to form the sculptured nail enhancement.

The first hairdressing Academy was opened in what city

Chicago

hacking

Chopping movement performed with the edges of the hands in massage.

Salon policies

Clients and associates will be treated more fairly and consisently through ____ ____.

two-colored method

Clients who wish to wear a French or American manicure finish over nail enhancements should use the

Formed when a product that is darker than the clients skin tone is used to create shadows over prominent features so they are less noticeable:

Contour

Encompass blues, greens, violets, and blue Reds.

Cool colors

shrinkage

Definition:When hair contracts or lifts through the action of moisture loss or drying.

Elevation

Definition:Also known as projection or lifting; the degree at which a subsection of hair is held, or lifted, from the head when cutting.

Femur

Definition:Heavy, long bone that forms the leg above the knee.

Vitamin E

Definition:Helps protect the skin from the harmful effects of the sun's UV light.

distribution

Definition:Where and how hair is moved over the head.

Acne

Definition:A skin disorder characterized by chronic inflammation of the sebaceous glands from retained secretions and bacteria known as propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes), the scientific term for acne bacteria.

mole

Definition:Small brownish spot or blemish on the skin, ranging in color from pale tan to brown or bluish black.

If you smoke

DO Not smoke during work hours

Look for products that are rich and pigment when choosing products for use on _______ skin tones

Deep

two to three times per year

Depending on the usage, a typical UV lightbulb should be changed:

Used to hygienically apply lip color.

Disposable lip brush

Shower or bathe

EVERYDAY!!

Take good care of your makeup brushes by cleaning them after:

Each application

What are agents that prevent moisture from leaving the skin?

Emollients

Queen Cleopatra did:

Erect a personal cosmetics factory next to the Dead Sea

Linen

Fabric wraps are made from silk, fiberglass, and _____.

The metal part that holds hands e brush intact and supports the strength of the bristles.

Ferrule

ostium

Follicle opening.

self actalization

Fulfilling one's full potential.

With mature skin, stick to muted, soft colors, and avoid creating:

Hard lines

true acid waves

Have a pH between 4.5 and 7.0 and require heat to process; they process more slowly than alkaline waves, and do not usually produce as firm a curl as alkaline waves.

Fiberglass

If a client repeatedly returns to the salon with broken enhancements you should try a gel that uses

Stress

Inability to cope with a threat, real or imagined, to our well-being, which results in a series of responses and adaptations by our minds and bodies; tension caused by a situation.

If you have to choose between incandescent or fluorescent choose:

Incandescent

Lawsuits

Insurance policies help protect salon owners against malpractice ____.

Haircut and Color

Keep your _____________ and _____________ fresh and updated and in tip-top shape.

Keep the best interest of the client as your top priority

Lana wants to improve her selling skills. Which technique is good for her to remember?

Greek women applied _ to their faces

Lead

Acrylates

Light cured gel enhancements rely on ingredients from a subcategory of the monomer liquid and polymer powder chemical family called

every two weeks

Light cured gel enhancements should be maintained

glyceryl monothioglycolate

Main active ingredient in true acid-balanced waving lotions.

Appearance

Make sure that you put thought into your _______________ every day.

massage

Manual or mechanical manipulation of the body by rubbing, pinching, kneading, tapping, and other movements to increase metabolism and circulation, promote absorption, and relieve pain.

"No fragrance"

Many salons have a _________________________ policy for staff members due to high allergy rates.

Fusion Bonding

Method of attaching extensions in which extension hair is bonded to the client's own hair with a bonding material that is activated by heat from a special tool.

Bonding

Method of attaching hair extensions in which hair wefts or single strands are attached with an adhesive or bonding agent.

mechanical exfoliants

Methods used to physically remove dead cell buildup.

Nails

Meticulously maintain the appearance of your ______________.

Being a life long learner

Moriah loves to read professional magazines, go to classes offered by famous stylus and watch online videos of the newest styles and techniques. Her behavior is best described as ____.

When is it appropriate to argue with clients?

NEVER

Sarah Breedlove devoted time and money to these two organizations

Naccp and ymca

inflamed skin

Never apply wax over warts, moles, abrasions, or

Nail extension and wrap services

Offering _____ expands your service offerings and enables clients to have a "one stop shop" experience in your salon.

Liquid and cream forms of makeup are an emulsion of:

Oil and water

Cream foundation is also known as:

Oil based foundation

Oil-base meaning:

Oil in water

Incorporating

One of the best ways for a business owner to protect personal assets is by ____.

According to your text, what is the proper length for your resume?

One page

monomer

One unit called a molecule.

What are the three parts of the basic manicure?

PRE-SERVICE, SERVICE, POST-SERVICE

Low ranking Egyptians wore what colors on their nails

Pale colors

Max factor created what kind of makeup

Pancake makeup

Overcast stitch

Pass the needle under both the track and the weft and then bring it back over to a new stitch

Cosmetic service performed on the feet by a licensed cosmetologist or nail technician:

Pedicure

Stockholders

People or companies who purchase shares in a company are called ____.

endothermic waves

Perm activated by an outside heat source, usually a conventional hood-type hair dryer. M: not a heat reactant perm solution

acid-balanced waves

Permanent waves that have 7.0 or neutral pH; because of their higher pH, the process at room temperature, do not require the added heat of a hair dryer, process more quickly, and produce firmer curls than true acid waves.

motor point

Point on the skin over the muscle where pressure or stimulation will cause contraction of that muscle.

Roman women with black hair were part of the _ social class

Poor

___________ can also be used to brush out hard edges from blush or eyeshadow application.

Powder

Brow powder's are similar to:

Press eyeshadows

Helps to disguise less than perfect skin.

Primer

The foundation application begins with a:

Primer

Licenses

Prior to opening a business, contact local authorities regarding business ____.

chemical exfoliants

Products that contain chemicals that either loosen or dissolve dead cell buildup.

Expenses

Proper bookkeeping methods include keeping an accurate record of all income and ____.

Sidewall to sidewall

Properly sized nail tips for a client should cover the nail plate from _____.

Successful selling

Recognizing a clients needs and preferences lays the foundation for ___.

Retailing

Recommending professional products to clients for at home care is known as what?

Egyptian men and women of high social rank wore what color on their nails

Red orange henna

Cracking of the hands

Repeated exposure to pedicure water can cause:

Skin that is sensitive, windburned, or affected by rosacea:

Ruddy skin

Skin that has a yellowish hue:

Sallow skin

Policies

Salon ___ in the business plan ensure that all clients and employees are treated fairly and consistently.

relaxes

Saturating two pledgets of cotton or a towel with warm water and placing it over the brows for one to two minutes softens and ____ the eyebrow tissues.

service sets

Sets of all the tools that will be used in a service.

Well

Shallow depressions that serve as contact points for nail tips and the natural nail are called _____.

oligomer

Short chain of monomer liquids that is often thick, sticky and gel-like and that is not long enough to be considered a polymer.

Oligomer

Short chain of monomers that is not long enough to be considered a polymer is a

transferable skills

Skills mastered at other jobs that can be put to use in a new position

soakable gels

Soft UV gels are also known as:

Avicenna refined the process of

Steam distillation

thio neutralization

Stops the action of a permanent wave solution and rebuilds the hair in its new curly form.

Bloodletting was once thought to

Strengthen the immune system

Muscles and Joints

Stressful and repetitive motions have a cumulative effect on the ______________ and _____________.

eyelash hairs on a band that are applied with it he sieve to the natural lash line:

Strip lashes

disulfide bonds

Strong chemical side bonds formed when the sulfur atoms in two adjacent protein chains are joined together.

polymer

Substance formed by combining many small molecules (monomers) into very long, chain-like structures.

Makeup brushes are made of:

Synthetic fibers or animal hair.

70

Synthetic hair colors used on wigs and hairpieces are standardized according to the ______ colors on the hair color ring used by wig and hairpiece manufacturers.

durability

The chemical family of urethanes is known for high abrasion resistance and

game plan

The conscious act of planning your life, instead of just letting things happen.

Flat across the nail

The contact areas of nail tips are smoothed with a fine-grit block buffer held _____.

smile line

The curved line where the pink and white meet each other on a French manicured nail.

LED lamp

The electronic device that houses the LED bulbs.

goal setting

The identification of long-term and short-term goals that helps you decide what you want out of life.

sidewall

The line of the nail enhancement that runs straight from the cuticle down the side or wall of the nail to the end of the extension.

Bonding agent

The nail tip adhesive used to secure the nail tip to a natural nail is also called a(n) _____.

stress area

The part of the nail enhancement where the natural nail grows beyond the finger and becomes the free edge. This area needs strength to support the nail extension.

exfoliation

The removal of excess dead cells from the skin surface.

The DLC is the salon's and it's staff's link with

The rest of the industry in this relationship represents the most efficient method that outside companies used to reach the salon stylist

Prevent lifting

The sealer or finisher layer of a UV or LED gel product covers the entire nail surface and is wrapped under the natural free edge to

Hair texture

Thickness or diameter of the individual hair strand.

Pleasing personality

To be successful in sales, you need ambition, determination and a ___.

Harden

To cure means to

Pennsylvania

To date, ____ state does not permit booth rental.

How does containing very little pigment are called:

Translucent

When asked a question during the interview, be honest and sincere and take no more than _________________ minutes when stating your answer

Two

test-wise

Understanding the strategies for successful test taking

aloe gel

Use ______ to calm and soothe redness and swelling that sometimes occurs on sensitive skin after waxing.

thio relaxers

Use the same ammonium thioglycolate (ATG) that is used in permanent waving, but at a higher concentration and a higher pH (above 10).

Makeup

Use this to accentuate your best features and mask your less flattering ones.

tweezing

Using tweezers to remove hairs

If the red is orange based it is:

Warm

_________ and _______ Colors form the basis of all make up application.

Warm and cool

It cannot be exposed to extreme heat.

What is a disadvantage of synthetic hair?

Overlay

What is a layer of any kind of nail enhancement product that is applied over the natural nail and tip application for added strength?

Commission

What is compensation that is paid as a direct result of the total amount of service dollars generated for a salon?

Burn it with a match

What is the fastest way to determine whether a strand of hair is synthetic?

shaving

What is the most common method of temporary hair removal?

5 to 10 seconds

When applying nail tips, you must hold the tip in place for _____ until the adhesive has dried.

One inch

When bonding, it is recommended that you work _____ away from the hairline to keep the wefts from showing.

Easy access

When choosing a location for your business, you should select one that has ___ ___.

Toward the weight

When cutting a wig using a free-form method, move from longer to shorter lengths, working _______.

one-color method

When one color of gel, usually clear, is applied over the entire surface of the nail.

Primary

When opening a new business, the location selected should reflect your ____ clientele.

Hold

When securing the tip to the natural nail use the stop, rock, and _____ method to avoid air bubbles and promote proper adhesion.

Sharp

When sewing on an extension using the braid-and-sew attachment method, it is recommended that you do NOT use a ______ needle.

Sulfur Base

When shampooing a wig, it is recommended that you avoid shampoos that have a ______.

Punctuality

Which element is central to the salon business for both clients and coworkers?

Pigmented gel

Which gel can be a building gel or self-leveling gel that includes color pigment

Self - leveling gel

Which gel is used to enhance thickness of the overlay while providing a smoother surface

Glossing gel

Which type of gel also known as a sealing gel or shine gel is used over the finished and filed gel application to create a high shine

Electrolysis

Which procedure involves the removal of hair by means of an electric current that destroys the growth cells of the hair?

Rochelle, who pitches in and folds towels when she's not busy with clients

Who among the following is exemplifying good salon team work?

Cap wigs

Wigs constructed of elasticized, mesh-fiber bases to which the hair is attached.

Semi-hand-tied wigs

Wigs constructed with a combination of synthetic hair and hand-tied human hair.

Machine-made wigs

Wigs made by matching by feeding wefts through a sewing machine, and then sewing them together to form the base and shape of the wig.

Cyanoacrylates

Wrap resins are called

Cyanoacrylate

Wrap resins are made from _____, a specialized acrylic monomer that has excellent adhesion to the natural nail plate and polymerizes in seconds.

Viscosity

___ is the measurement of the thickness or thinness of a liquid and affects how fluid flows

Financial

____ documents include projected financial statements, actual statements, and financial statement analysis.

Epilation

_________________________ is the process of removing hair by pulling it out of the follicle.

glaze

a non-ammonia color that adds shine and tone to the hair

In a manicure service, to shape the free edge, you use a(n) _______________.

abrasive file

benefits of paraffin bath

aids in the reduction of pain and inflammation and promotes circulation to joints affected by arthritis and other chronic problems.

Strip lashes are made of human hair, mink, or synthetic fibers attached to a __________.

band

what you should do before buying a pedicure equipment

check with state board to see what is permitted i your state.

After foundation and face powder have been applied, use a clean blush brush to apply color to the ___________.

cheeks

Products designed to soften and smooth thickened tissue

callus softener

The substance speeds up chemical reactions between monomers and polymers.

catalyst

soft

caution should be used when filing gel nails because they are

Process that joins together monomers to create very long polymer chains.

chain reaction

types of masks that temporally contract the pores of the skin are ___________

clay masks

What is a non foaming lotion cleanser designed to cleanse dry and sensitive skin types and to remove makeup?

cleansing milk

The ________________ is the communication with a client that determines the clients needs and how to achieve the desired results.

client consultation

Under the eyes, focus on concealing ____________ areas and discoloration.

concave

As a cosmetologist, do not attempt to fulfill the role of ________________, career guide, parental sounding board or motivational coach for any of your clients.

counselor

Filing an area with a break and adding monomer liquid and polymer powder to it is known as:

crack repair

strand test

determines how the hair will react to the color formula and how long the formula should be left of the hair

Products designed to hasten the drying of nail polishes may be sprayed on or applied with a __________.

dropper

Sharpen the eyebrow pencil and wipe with clean tissue before:

each use

A paddle is an implement used in manicures and pedicures to trim tags of dead skin:

false

It is preferable to use a blade to remove heavy calluses:

false

work on the foot on the client's non-dominant side first, because it usually needs more soaking and attention

false

virgin application

first time hair is colored

What is the form of petrissage in which the tissue is grasped, gently lifted, and spread out?

fulling

All non-disposable implements must be ______________ in a disinfectant solution.

fully immersed

Odorless products harden more slowly, which creates the tacky layer.

inhibition layer

Benzoyl peroxide is a _________ that is added to the powder to start a chain reaction which leads to the creation of long polymer chains.

initiator

The direction of massage movements should always be from _____________

insertion to origin

Pedicure stool and footrest

is usually low to make it ergonomically easier for the pedicurist to work on the client't feet. some of them come with a built-in footrest for the client's feet. the seat must be comfortable and allow ergonomically-correct position

do not provide paraffin bath to client's with:

lesions or abrasions, impaired foot or leg circulation, loss of feeling in their feet or legs or other diabetes related problems.

If the foundation color is too ___________, it will look dull and chalky.

light

Cosmetic lash enhancers are lash lengtheners that contain fibers to make lashes look:

longer and fuller

Apply _________ powder with a large powder brush or a disposable powder puff.

loose

volume

measures that concentration and strength of hydrogen peroxide

temporary

nonpermanent haircolor, only last one shampoo

Using the wrong powder with your chosen liquid could result in nails that are:

not properly cured

When interacting and communicating with coworkers, make every effort to remain ______________ and resist being pulled into spats and cliques.

objective

one of the first things to do when you are ready to target salons is to ___________________

obtain a list of area salons

Strip lashes are easily removed with cotton pads saturated with _______ based make up remover.

oil

The fixed attachment of one end of the muscle to a bone or tissue is called the _______________

origin of the muscle

As a cosmetologist, your professional image consist of?

outward appearance and conduct

hydrogen peroxide developer

oxidizing agent that, when mixed with an oxidation haircolor, supplies the necessary oxygen gas to develop the color molecules and create a change in natural hair color

Masks that are melted at a little more then body temperature before application are ___________

paraffin wax masks

another name for foot files:

pedicure paddles

footrest for the client

pedicure station should have a chair with armrest for the client, ergonomic chair for the nail professional, and a:

Products used to soften dry skin around the nail plate and to increase the flexibility of natural nails are known as __________________.

penetrating oils

For sallow skin, apply a _________ based foundation on the affected areas and blend carefully into the jaw and neck.

pink

Good, nutritious food has many effets, including?

preventing a variety of illnesses

Listening to the client and then repeating, in your own words, what you think the client is telling you, is known as ________________________________.

reflective listening

In order to look well groomed at all times, the hair requires?

regular shampooing

The _____________ movement involves pressing and twisting the tissues with a fast back and forth motion

rolling

In addition to a firm sure touch and strong flexible hands quality massage requires ____________

self control and soft hands

To prevent physical strain, a good practice is to?

swivel the client's chair

effleurage

the massage technique used most often in pedicure is:

When communicating with your salon manager about an issue or problem, it is recommended that you ____________________ beforehand.

think of a possible solution

self-care

to be helpful to others, it is essential to take care of yourself.

clipped

to prevent ingrown toenail, sometimes the toenail corner may be

Pressed powder in compacts is marketed primarily for ____________ because it can easily be carried in a purse.

touchups

A shacking movement accomplished by rapid muscular contractions in the practitioners arms, while the balls of the finger tips are pressed firmly on the point of the application is known as _____________

vibration

line of demarcation

visible line separating colored hair from new growth

After submitting a job application, you should ____________

wait a week and then follow-up by telephone

Eponychium

when performing a pedicure, do not push back the:

doctors

who can remove ingrown nails:

photoinitiator

A chemical that initiates the polymerization reaction.

paraffin

A petroleum by-product that has excellent sealing properties (barrier qualities) to hold moisture in the skin.

brushing machine

A rotating electric appliance with interchangeable brushes that can be attached to the rotating head.

Productivity

A salary plus commission structure is used to motivate practitioners to increase ___.

Marblezing

A swirled nail art effect when you combine two or more colors while wet and then mix them on the nail with a stylus tool.

Appearance enhancement

A term used to encompass a broad range of specialty areas, including hairstyling, nail technology, and esthetics.

soft curl permanent

A thio based chemical service that reformats curly and wavy hair into looser and larger curls and waves. M: changes the texture of the hair

stylus

A tool with a solid handle with a rounded ball tip on each end that can range in size, used to create nail art.

Reflexology

A unique method of applying pressure with thumb and index fingers to the hands and feet; it has demonstrated health benefits.

gel polish

A very thin-viscosity, light cured gel that is usually pigmented and packaged in a pot or a polish bottle and used as an alternative to traditional nail lacquers.

Brazilian bikini waxing

A waxing technique that requires the removal of all the hair from the front and the back of the bikini area.

Photoepilation

Also known as Intense Pulsed Light; permanent hair removal treatment that uses intense light to destroy the growth cells of the hair follicles.

light cured gel

Also known as UV and LED gel; type of nail enhancement product that hardens when exposed to a UV and LED light.

UV bulb

Also known as UV light bulb; special bulb that emits UV and LED light to cure UV and LED gel nail enhancements.

UV lamp

Also known as UV light unit; specialized electronic device that powers and controls UV and LED bulbs to cure UV and LED gel nail enhancements.

facial

Also known as a facial treatment; a professional skin treatment that improves the condition and appearance of the skin.

open comedones

Also known as blackheads; follicles impacted with solidified sebum and dead cell buildup.

gommages

Also known as roll-off masks; peeling creams that are rubbed off of the skin.

In the early twentieth century the innovation of motion pictures coincided with:

An abrupt shift in American attitudes

cation

An ion with a positive electrical charge.

nonporous

An item that is made or constructed of a material that has no pores or openings and cannot absorb liquids.

Salicylic acid

An organic acid that derives originally from the bark of willow trees.

Urea

An organic compound that has a super-hydrating effect on skin cells

perfectionism

An unhealthy compulsion to do things perfectly.

on-base placement

Base control in which the hair is wrapped at a 45-degree angle beyond perpendicular to its base section, and the rod is positioned on its base.

half off-base placement

Base control in which the hair is wrapped at an angle of 90 degrees or perpendicular to its base section, and the rod is positioned half off its base section. M: rod is not fully on base

______________ can be used to hide hyperpigmentation, acne, and slight birthmarks, among other issues.

Base makeup/ foundation

Who invented the first electric perm machine

Charles Nessler

amino acids

Compounds made up of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen , nitrogen, and sulfur.

Used to hide dark eyes circles, hyperpigmentation, and the standard capillaries, and other imperfections:

Concealers

serums

Concentrated products that generally contain higher concentrations of ingredients designed to penetrate and treat various skin conditions.

hirsutism

Condition pertaining to an excessive growth or cover of hair, especially in women.

contraindication

Condition that requires avoiding certain treatments, procedures, or products to prevent undesirable side effects.

normalizing lotions

Conditioners with an acidic pH that restore the hair's natural pH before the final neutralizing shampooing. M: restores pH to the hair

Eye protection

Cosmetologists and their clients should always wear _____ when using and handling nail tip adhesives.

May be used with toner or make up remover's.

Cotton pads or puffs

___________ foundations provide have your coverage and are usually intended for dryer, for mature skin types.

Cream

______________ foundation is usually applied to the sponge and then blended across the skin.

Cream

exothermic waves

Create an exothermic chemical reaction that heats up the waving solution and speeds up the processing. M: heat reactant perm solution

The peaks of the upper lip, fall directly in line with the nostrils:

Cupids bow

________________ is the best choice for make up application. (Lighting)

Daylight

Chinese punishment for nail varnish

Death

Tuberculosis (TB)

Definition:A disease caused by bacteria that are transmitted through coughing or sneezing.

acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)

Definition:A disease that breaks down the body's immune system. AIDS is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).

Common peroneal nerve

Definition:A division of the sciatic nerve that extends from behind the knee to wind around the head of the fibula to the front of the leg where it divides into two branches.

Tibial nerve

Definition:A division of the sciatic nerve that passes behind the knee. It subdivides and supplies impulses to the knee, the muscles of the calf, the skin of the leg, and the sole, heel, and underside of the toes.

pH scale

Definition:A measure of the acidity and alkalinity of a substance; the pH scale has a range of 0 to 14, with 7 being neutral. A pH below 7 is an acidic solution; a pH above 7 is an alkaline solution.

clean

Definition:A mechanical process (scrubbing) using soap and water or detergent and water to remove all visible dirt, debris, and many disease-causing germs. Cleaning also removes invisible debris that interfere with disinfection. Cleaning is what cosmetologists are required to do before disinfecting.

Intense pulse light

Definition:A medical device that uses multiple colors and wavelengths (broad spectrum) of focused light to treat spider veins, hyperpigmentation, rosacea and redness, wrinkles, enlarged hair follicles and pores, and excessive hair.

Nail psoriasis

Definition:A noninfectious condition that affects the surface of the natural nail plate causing tiny pits or severe roughness on the surface of the nail plate.

human papilloma virus

Definition:Abbreviated HPV; a virus that causes warts in humans, but is also the cause of cervical cancer in women. When the virus infects the bottom of the foot and resembles small black dots, usually in clustered groups, it is also called plantar warts.

Ultraviolet light

Definition:Abbreviated UV light and also known as cold light or actinic light (ak-TIN-ik LYT); invisible light that has a short wavelength (giving it higher energy), is less penetrating than visible light, causes chemical reactions to happen more quickly than visible light, produces less heat than visible light, and kills germs.

volt

Definition:Abbreviated V and also known as voltage; unit that measures the pressure or force that pushes electric current forward through a conductor.

water-in-oil (W/O) emulsion

Definition:Abbreviated W/O emulsion; water droplets emulsified in oil.

eleventh cranial nerve

Definition:Also known as accessory nerve; a motor nerve that controls the motion of the neck and shoulder muscles.

Acne

Definition:Also known as acne vulgaris; skin disorder characterized by chronic inflammation of the sebaceous glands from retained secretions and Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) bacteria.

Single braids

Definition:Also known as box braids or individual braids; free-hanging braids, with or without extensions, that can be executed using either an underhand or an overhand technique.

Sternum

Definition:Also known as breastbone; flat bone that forms the ventral (front) support of the ribs.

Hair spray

Definition:Also known as finishing spray; a styling product applied in the form of a mist to hold a style in position; available in a variety of holding strengths.

traveling guideline

Definition:Also known as movable guideline; guideline that moves as the haircutting progresses, used often when creating layers or graduation.

Superficial peroneal nerve

Definition:Also known as musculocutaneous nerve (MUS-kyoo-loh-kyoo-TAY-nee-us NURV); extends down the leg, just under the skin, supplying impulses to the muscles and the skin of the leg, as well as to the skin and toes on the top of the foot, where it becomes the dorsal nerve.

pimple

Definition:Also known as papule; small elevation on the skin that contains no fluid but may develop pus.

telogen phase

Definition:Also known as resting phase; the final phase in the hair cycle that lasts until the fully grown hair is shed.

carved curls

Definition:Also known as sculptured curls; pin curls sliced from a shaping and formed without lifting the hair from the head.

Leukonychia spots

Definition:Also known as white spots; whitish discolorations of the nails, usually caused by injury to the matrix area; not related to the body's health or vitamin deficiencies.

Carpus

Definition:Also known as wrist; flexible joint composed of a group of eight small, irregular bones (carpals) held together by ligaments.

Tension

Definition:Amount of pressure applied when combing and holding a section, created by stretching or pulling the section.

ulnar artery

Definition:Artery, along with numerous branches, that supplies blood to the little-finger side of the arm and palm of the hand.

radial artery

Definition:Artery, along with numerous branches, that supplies blood to the thumb side of the arm and the back of the hand; supplies blood to the muscles of the skin, hands, fingers, wrist, elbow, and forearm.

reflex

Definition:Automatic reaction to a stimulus that involves the movement of an impulse from a sensory receptor along the sensory nerve to the spinal cord.

Nasal bones

Definition:Bones that form the bridge of the nose.

Submental artery

Definition:Branch of the facial artery that supplies blood to the chin and lower lip.

Biofilms

Definition:Colonies of bacteria that adhere together and adhere to environmental surfaces.

Ammonia

Definition:Colorless gas with a pungent odor that is composed of hydrogen and nitrogen.

Overdirection

Definition:Combing a section away from its natural falling position, rather than straight out from the head, toward a guideline; used to create increasing lengths in the interior or perimeter.

Layers

Definition:Create movement and volume in the hair by releasing weight.

cuticle

Definition:Dead, colorless tissue attached to the natural nail plate.

reticular layer

Definition:Deeper layer of the dermis that supplies the skin with oxygen and nutrients; contains fat cells, blood vessels, sudoriferous (sweat) glands, hair follicles, lymph vessels, arrector pili muscles, sebaceous (oil) glands, and nerve endings.

Anhidrosis

Definition:Deficiency in perspiration or the inability to sweat, often a result of damage to autonomic nerves.

nucleus

Definition:Dense, active protoplasm found in the center of the cell; plays an important part in cell reproduction and metabolism.

growth pattern

Definition:Direction in which the hair grows from the scalp; also referred to as natural fall or natural falling position.

Flat-twist

Definition:Double-strand twists that are interwoven to lie flat on the scalp with various patterns with our without extensions.

scutula

Definition:Dry, sulfur-yellow, cuplike crusts on the scalp in tinea favosa or tinea favus.

hydrophilic

Definition:Easily absorbs moisture; in chemistry terms, capable of combining with or attracting water (water-loving).

Collagen

Definition:Fibrous protein that gives the skin form and strength.

acquired immunity

Definition:Immunity that the body develops after overcoming a disease, through inoculation (such as flu vaccinations) or through exposure to natural allergens such as pollen, cat dander, and ragweed.

Thermal irons

Definition:Implements made of quality steel that are used to curl dry hair.

systemic infection

Definition:Infection that affects the body as a whole, often due to under-functioning or over-functioning of internal glands or organs. This disease is carried through the blood stream or the lymphatic system

Onychia

Definition:Inflammation of the nail matrix followed by shedding of the natural nail.

Wheal

Definition:Itchy, swollen lesion that lasts only a few hours; caused by a blow or scratch, the bite of an insect, urticaria (skin allergy), or the sting of a nettle. Examples include hives and mosquito bites.

Bantu knot-out style

Definition:Knots can be opened and released to create wavy and fuller loose curls.

Tricep

Definition:Large muscle that covers the entire back of the upper arm and extends the forearm.

Latissimus dorsi

Definition:Large, flat, triangular muscle covering the lower back.

logarithm

Definition:Multiples of 10.

forged

Definition:Process of working metal to a finished shape by hammering or pressing.

photothermolysis

Definition:Process that turns the light from a laser device into heat.

Spray-on thermal protector

Definition:Product applied to hair prior to any thermal service to protect the hair from the harmful effects of blowdrying, thermal irons, or electric rollers.

protein conditioner

Definition:Product designed to penetrate the cortex and reinforce the hair shaft from within.

neurology

Definition:Scientific study of the structure, function, and pathology of the nervous system.

neutrons

Definition:Subatomic particles with no charge.

oxidizing agent

Definition:Substance that releases oxygen.

Monilethrix

Definition:Technical term for beaded hair.

infection

Definition:The invasion of body tissues by disease-causing pathogens.

aorta

Definition:The largest artery in the body.

Pheomelanin

Definition:The lighter pigment that provides natural colors ranging from red and ginger to yellow and blond tones.

Form

Definition:The mass or general outline of a hairstyle. It is three-dimensional and has length, width, and depth.

Sebaceous glands

Definition:The oil glands in the skin that are connected to the hair follicles.

hair root

Definition:The part of the hair located below the surface of the epidermis.

Organic chemistry

Definition:The study of substances that contain the element carbon.

Inorganic chemistry

Definition:The study of substances that do not contain the element carbon, but may contain the element hydrogen.

Physiology

Definition:The study of the functions and activities performed by the body's structures.

solvent

Definition:The substance that dissolves the solute and makes a solution.

solute

Definition:The substance that is dissolved in a solution.

Perionychium

Definition:The tissue bordering the root and sides of a fingernail or toenail.

Arteries

Definition:Thick-walled, muscular, flexible tubes that carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the arterioles.

Gel

Definition:Thickened styling preparation that comes in a tube or bottle and creates a strong hold.

bed epithelium

Definition:Thin layer of tissue that attaches the nail plate and the nail bed.

Ribs

Definition:Twelve pairs of bones forming the wall of the thorax.

Symmetrical balance

Definition:Two halves of a style; form a mirror image of one another.

halo braids

Definition:Two or three long, simple, inverted, thick cornrows created around the head. The extended braids are then wrapped and pinned to make a halo effect.

Skip waves

Definition:Two rows of ridge curls, usually on the side of the head.

deionized water

Definition:Water that has had impurities (such as calcium and magnesium and other metal ions that would make a product unstable) removed.

-ology

Definition:Word ending meaning study of.

inlaid designs

Designs inside a nail enhancement.

Tuberculocidal disinfectants

Disinfectants that kill the bacteria that causes tuberculosis.

Couperose

Distended capillaries caused by weakening of the capillary walls.

What is the best piece of advice with regard to exam preparation?

Distribute your studying in the days or weeks before the clients

monomer liquid and polymer powder nail enhancements

Enhancements created by combining monomer liquid and polymer powder.

Coordinate cheek and lip color to complement:

Eye makeup

Special preparations for removing eye makeup:

Eye makeup remover's

Used to add color and sheen to the eyebrows:

Eyebrow pencils and eyebrow powder's

Lifting

Fabric wraps that are slightly smaller than the nail plate prevent the wraps from _____.

Used to create a matte or non-shiny finish:

Face powder

Rosacea

Facial waxing should not be performed in clients with

When determining skin color, you must first decide if the skin is:

Fair, medium, or deep

Simple but effective cosmetic implements used in the ice age:

Flints, oyster shells, bone, animal sinew, and strips of hide.

Double

For booth rental, social security taxes are ___ that of an employee of the salon.

180-240 grit

For natural nail preparation select an abrasive file with

initiators

Found in polymer powder; when activated by a catalyst, will spring into action and cause monomer molecules to permanently link together into long polymer chains.

Also known as base makeup, is a flesh toned cosmetic used to minimize the apprearance of skin imperfections.

Foundation

A makeover session usually beings with:

Foundation application

Trade name

Franchise ownership means that, in exchange for a fee, you operate under the franchiser's ____ ____.

self-leveling gels

Gels that are thinner in consistency than building gels, allowing them to settle and level during application.

bonding gels

Gels used to increase adhesion to the natural nail plate.

In the 1960s Vidal Sassoon did what kinda of hair cuts

Geometric

Chinese royal colors

Gold and silver

Record

Good business operations require a simple and efficient ___ system.

Neutral colors range from taupe, brown, white and:

Gray and black

A heavy makeup primarily use for theatrical because it does not shift during performances:

Greasepaint

Kosmetikos

Greek word meaning skilled in the use of cosmetics

Red is complementary to:

Green

The most popular colored primers are:

Green, lavender, and orange-to-peach

Vermillion is made by

Grinding cinnabar

Hard wax

If the skin under the client's arms is too sensitive, what should be used?

Lease

If you don't own the building in which your salon is located, you must have an agreement between yourself and the building owner called a___.

In the 1920s women's magazines considered cosmetics

Improper

vibration

In massage, the rapid shaking of the body part while the balls of the fingertips are pressed firmly on the point of application.

Required

In the cosmetology industry or service industry, putting clients first is ____.

If it is necessary to use artificial lighting, a combination of __________________ light and ______________ light is conductive.

Incandescent fluorescent

Tips

Income in addition to your regular compensation that must be tracked and reported on tax returns is referred to as?

Wavy

Indian hair is usually ______.

ampoules

Individual doses of serum, sealed in small vials.

Separate artificial eyelashes that are applied to the base of the eyelashes one at a time:

Individual lashes

Marcel Grateau

Invented the first curling iron-tongs heated by a gas burner.

Proper curing bulb

It takes the combination of resin photoinitiator and a _______ to cause the gel to cure

Skin

Keep your ______________ well groomed.

petrissage

Kneading movement performed by lifting, squeezing, and pressing the tissue with a light, firm pressure.

Emotional Stability

Learning how to handle a confrontation and how to share feeling in a professional manner are important indicators of emotional stability.

2000

Light cured gel polish is a relatively new system that evolved in the year

Protection from UV exposure

Light cured gel products are packaged in small opaque pots or squeeze bottles for

LED

Light emitting diode.

effleurage

Light, continuous-stroking massage movement applied with fingers and palms in a slow and rhythmic manner.

Also known as lipstick or lip gloss, is a waxy cosmetic used to enhance the lips:

Lip color

During the Renaissance highly colored preparations of the _ were discouraged

Lips, cheeks and eyes

Foundation comes in different forms, which are:

Liquid, stick, cream, and powder

polypeptide chains

Long chains of amino acids joined together by peptide bonds.

Spiral wrapping technique

Long hair was wound from the scalp to the ends

Wefts

Long strips of human or artificial hair with a threaded edge.

keratin proteins

Long, coiled polypeptide chains.

Face powders come in two forms:

Loose and pressed

Look for double crimping, or ring, around the ferrule to ensure the handle won't:

Loosen

massage creams

Lubricants used to make the skin slippery during massage.

Appearance, Personality, and Poise

Many salon owners view ____________, ______________, and _______________ as being just as important as technical knowledge and skill.

Cosmic preparation used to darken, define, and thicken the eyelashes:

Mascara

Used to apply miscarriage on a client; generally disposable so as to ensure proper hygiene.

Mascara wands

cream masks

Masks often containing oils and emollients as well as humectants; have a strong moisturizing effect.

relaxation

Massage given during manicure and pedicures focuses on:

chucking

Massage movement accomplished by grasping the flesh firmly in one hand and moving the hand up and down along the bone while the other hand keeps the arm or leg in a steady position.

slapping

Massage movement in which the wrists are kept flexible so that the palms come in contact with the skin in light, firm, and rapid strokes, one hand after the other, causing a slight lifting of the flesh.

Salon managers must have an aptitude for

Math and accounting and be able to read documents such as profit and loss statements they should understand marketing including the roles of advertising public relations and promotions and what makes these programs successful

A non-shiny finish:

Matte

Roman women with blonde hair were part of the _ social class

Middle class

color blocking

Nail art technique that blocks or sections off color on the nail.

odorless monomer liquid and polymer powder products

Nail enhancement products that have little odor; must be used with a dry mix ratio (equal parts liquid and powder in bead).

Which of the following products can harbor and support the growth of pathogenic microbes?

Nail oil

Metal implements with a groove edge used for filing and smoothing the edges of the nail plate:

Nail rasp

What type of salon features management and marketing professionals at the corporate headquarters making all the decisions for each salon, such as size, decor, hours, services, prices, advertising, and profit targets?

National chain

Distributor sales consultants provide information about:

New products new trends and new techniques

As students you must never forget that

No matter what path you choose you control your own destiny by developing your skills in the specialties that interest you

Roman women with red hair were part of the _ social class

Noble

emollients

Oil or fatty ingredients that prevent moisture from leaving the skin.

clay-based masks

Oil-absorbing cleansing masks that have an exfoliating effect and an astringent effect on oily and combination skin, making large pores temporarily appear smaller.

Five to ten

On a business timeline, expansion of services and locations would take place in ___ to ___ years.

An ___________ would be considered a warm natural.

Orange-brown

The __________ face is approximately three fourths as wide as it is long.

Oval

straight rods

Perm rods that are equal in diameter along their entire length or curling area. M: not convex

concave rods

Perm rods that have a smaller diameter in the center that increases to a larger diameter on the ends.

These ingredients (oil and water) act as spreading agents and help suspend various _______________ like titanium dioxide and iron dioxide.

Pigments

Sarah Breedlove was a

Pioneer in the modern African-American hair care and cosmetics industry

polymer powder

Powder in white, clear, pink, and many other colors that is combined with monomer liquid to form the nail enhancement.

May be made of Valore or cotton and are used to apply and blend powder, foundation, or powder blush.

Powder puffs

lanthionization

Process by which hydrogen relaxers permanently straighten hair; they remove a sulfur atom from a disulfide bond and convert it into a lanthionine bond. M: hair relaxed permanently

nail oils

Products designed to absorb into the nail plate to increase flexibility and into the surrounding skin to soften.

exfoliants

Products that help bring about exfoliation.

moisturizers

Products that help increase the moisture content of the skin surface.

toenail clippers

Professional implements that are larger than fingernail clippers and have a curved or straight haw specifically designed for cutting toenail.

grit

Refers to how many grains of sand are on the file per square inch.

base placement

Refers to the position of the rod in relation to its base section; base placement is determined by the angle at which the hair is wrapped.

transmit positive energy

Reflexology practitioners believe that pressing certain reflex points on the feet

Strength and durability

Regardless of whether a client is interested in wearing long, medium, or short nails, she may decide to have nail tips applied over her natural nails for

no-base relaxers

Relaxers that do not require application of a protective base cream.

base relaxers

Relaxers that require the application of protective base cream to the entire scalp prior to the application of the relaxer.

Greeks used cosmetics as part of their _

Religious ceremonies

electrolysis

Removal of hair by means of an electric current that destroys the root of the hair.

Clean, dry, disinfected nail brush

Remove dust from the natural nail plate with a _____.

Re-booking

Scheduling clients for their next appointment before they leave the salon is known as what?

microdermabrasion scrubs

Scrubs that contains aluminum oxide crystals.

motility

Self-movement

toenail nippers

Similar is design to fingernail nippers, but are larger, much stronger, and use to trim the toenail as opposed to trimming the excess cuticle

There are three main factors to consider when choosing colors for your client:

Skin color, eye color, hair color

Expression lines abs wrinkles can be minimized with:

Skin primer and foundation

Choose the foundation formula based on the clients:

Skin type

curette

Small scoop-shaped implements used for more effective removal of debris from the nail folds, eponychium, and hyponychium

Hairpiece

Small wig used to cover the top or crown of the head, or a hair attachment of some sort.

Toupee

Small wig used to cover the top or crown of the head.

Problem solver

Someone who recognizes and resolves difficult situations constructively is what?

A tool was a wide, flat base; used to remove make up from containers.

Spatulas

dappen dish

Special container that holds monomer liquid and polymer powder.

paraffin wax masks

Specially prepared facial masks containing paraffin and other beneficial ingredients; typically used with treatment cream.

Used to apply shadow and lip color or to blend eyeliner; maybe is damp to intensify eyeshadow color.

Sponge tip shadow applicators

Available in a variety of sizes and shapes, including wedges in circles, and work well to apply and blend foundation, cream or powder blush, pressed powder, or concealer.

Sponges

The pole of the barber pole is believed to represent the

Staff that patients held tightly to make the veins in their arms stand out during the procedure

Queen Nefertiti did:

Stain her nails red with henna Wore lavish makeup Used custom essential oils

base sections

Subsections of panels into which the hair is divided for perm wrapping; one rod is normally placed on each base section.

________________ clients can greatly affect the salon flow, causing setbacks in the appointment calendar as well as making stylists late for other services.

Tardy

What civilization used facials first?

The Romans

Marketing

The ___ plan outlines all research obtained regarding the clients your business will target.

Vision

The ___ statment is a long term picture of what the business is to become and what it will look like.

Organizational

The ____ plan outlines managment levels and describes how the business will be run.

Bonding Method

The _______ involves attaching hair wefts or single strands with an adhesive or glue.

Double-lock stitch

The _______ is a sewing stitch is which the thread is wound around the needle twice.

pH

The abbreviation used for potential hydrogen. pH represents the quantity of hydrogen ions.

microtrama

The act of causing tiny unseen opening in the skin that can allow entry by pathogenic microbes

nail extension underside

The actual underside of the nail extension.

Opacity

The amount of colored pigment concentration in a gel is called

opacity

The amount of colored pigment concentration in a gel, making it more or less difficult to see through.

mix ratio

The amount of monomer liquid and polymer powder used to create a bead.

Cosmetology

The art and science of beautifying and improving the skin, nails, and hair and includes the study of cosmetics and their application.

Charles revson used formulas borrowed from what industry

The automotive industry

The red and white stripes of the barber pole represent

The bandages that stop the bleeding and were hung out on the pole to dry

stem

The basic question or problem

Light

The difference between light cured gels is the type of photoinitiator used in the formula and the measure of _____ to which that photoinitiator responds to

OSHA

The federal agency that requires that the ingredients of cosmetic preparations be available to employees is ____

eye makeup remover

The first step in tweezing the eyebrows is to cleanse the eyelid area with cotton balls moistened with gentle

Heat

The fusion method of extensions requires that the bonding material be activated with _____.

massage

The manipulation of the soft tissues of the body

lamp wattage

The measure of how much electricity the bulb consumes.

viscosity

The measurement of the thickness or thinness of a liquid and how the fluid flows.

viscosity

The measurement of thickness or thinness of a liquid that affects how the fluid flows.

element

The simplest form of chemical matter; an element cannot be broken down into a simpler substance without a loss of identity.

mild cleanser

The skin should be thoroughly prepared for a waxing service with a ----______

Profits

The sole proprietor assumes expenses, recieves ____, and bears all losses of the business.

inhibition layer

The tacky surface left on the nail after a light cured gel has cured.

hirsuties

The technical term for an unusual amount of hair on parts of the body normally bearing only downy hair is called

Aromatherapy

The therapeutic use of plant aromas for beauty and health treatment.

four to six

The time between waxing services is generally about _________________ weeks.

Corporation

The type of ownership in which stockholdrs share profits is called ____.

The Middle Ages used

Towering head dresses

Filed off the natural nail

Traditional gels also known as hard UV or LED gels cannot be removed with a solvent and must be

Urethane methacrylate

Traditionally light cured gels relied on urethane acrylate newer gel systems use

Natural Boar

Traditionally, brushes made with ______ bristles have been regarded as best for use on human hair.

hydroxide relaxers

Very strong alkalis with a pH over 13; the hydroxide ion is the active ingredient in all hydroxide relaxers.

What is one way to determine the type of market that a salon serves?

Watch the salon's advertising

Water-based meaning:

Water in oil

Stress strips

What are small pieces of fabric used to strengthen a weak point in the nail or repair a crack?

Photoinitiator

What chemical initiates the polymerization reaction

Between solid and liquid

What is the composition oligomers?

Salary

What is the most reliable method of compensation for a new salon professional?

Up selling

What is the practice of recommending and selling additional services to clients?

A depilatory

What is the preparation used for the temporary removal of superfluous hair by dissolving it at the skin level.

Unit wattage

What measures how much electricity a UV or LED bulb consumes and emits

Nail wrap resin

What product is used to coat and secure fabric wraps to the natural nail and nail tip?

UV gel lamp

What specialized electronic device powers and controls UV bulbs to cure UV gel nail enhancements

Apply cuticle oil

What step would be performed last in a four—week fabric wrap maintenance?

Maintenance

What term describes when a nail enhancement needs to be serviced after two or more weeks from the initial application of the nail enhancement product?

High heels

Working in _____________________ can throw off the body's balance.

Supporting

____ documents include the owners resume, personal financial information, legal contracts and agreements.

Wrap resin accelerator

_____, also known as activator, acts as the dryer that speeds up the hardening process of the wrap resin or adhesive overlay.

Urethane; urethane

______ acrylate and _______ methacrylate are the main ingredients used alone or in combination with urethane acrylates to create light cured gel nail enhancements

Good Posture

_____________________ is a very important part of your physical presentation. Conveys confidence.

manicure

a cosmetic treatment of the hands involving cutting, shaping, and often painting of the nails, removal of the cuticles, and softening of the skin.

when applying makeup to go to work, it is best to?

accentuate your best features

The key to a happy and productive life is

achieving balance

Type of primer that is corrosive to the skin and potentially dangerous to the eyes?

acid based

the term _____________ means back of lipids, and describes skin that does not product enough sebum, indicated by the absence of visible pores.

alipidic

What are gentle, naturally occurring acids that remove dead skin cells by dissolving the bonds and intercellular cement between the cells, and promoting skin that is smoother and more hydrated?

alpha hydroxy acids

Mask

also known as a masque

patch test

also known as a predisposition test; test required by the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act for identifying a possible allergy in a client

hair lightening

also known as bleaching; chemical process involving the diffusion of the natural hair pigment or artificial color from the hair

activators

also known as boosters, protinators, or accelerators; powdered persulfate salts added to hair color to increase its lightening ability

metallic hair colors

also known as gradual haircolors; haircolors containing metal salts that change hair color gradually by progressive buildup and exposure to air creating a dull, metallic appearance

tone

also known as hue; balance of the color

double-process application

also known as two step coloring; coloring technique requiring two separate procedures in which the hair is prelightened before the depositing color is applied to the hair

contributing pigment

also known as undertone; the varying degrees of warmth exposed during a permanent color or lightening process

natural haircolors

also known as vegetable hair colors; colors, such as henna, obtained from the leaves or bark of plants

Foundation will contain _____________ or some other drying agent to help the product set quickly when applied to the skin to produce and matte, non-shiny finish.

aluminum

Concentrated products designed to penetrate the skin and sealed in a small container are referred to as ___________

ampoules

Physical presentation is an important aspect of professional image and includes all the following except?

an optimistic attitude

hairdresser

another term for cosmetologist or hairstylist.

pedicure carts

are designed to keep supplies organized

When you meet an older client for the first time, you should _________________________________________.

ask how the client wishes to be adddressed

Apply nail polish in two coats over the _____________.

base coat

When bringing issues or problems to your supervisor or salon manager, it is important to _______________________________.

be a problem solver

One important golden rule of communication for building a successful beauty industry career is to _____________________________.

be aware of your body language

creative capability guidelines

be positive, look around for creative inspiration, improve your vocabulary, surround yourself with others who share your passion.

An oil manicure is a recommended treatment for: ______________

brittle nails

Action Steps for Success

build self-esteem, visualize success, build on your strengths, be kind to yourself, stay true to yourself, practice new behaviors, keep personal life separate from work, keep your energy up, respect others, stay productive

If a client is revealing increasingly personal details, one recommended strategy is that you _______________ or find a reason to excuse yourself, and when you return, change the subject or suggest a mini relaxation service.

change the subject

all facial treatments should begin with a ___________

client consultation

Good communication skills reduce potential workplace _______________________.

conflict

To accurately interpret the clients beauty concerns, each session must start with a:

consultation

A ____________ color is darker than the client skin tone.

contour

If a green contains more blue it is:

cool

Personal Hygiene

daily maintance of cleanliness by practicing good sanitising habits

If the foundation color is too _________, it would look muddy and uneven.

dark

Used prior to applying nail enhancements to remove surface moisture from the nails.

dehydrator

Use a sponge, your fingertips, or a brush to blend the foundation from the center of the face outward, using short _____________ strokes.

downward

basic steps to properly disinfect a foot spa after each pedicure service in ca:

drain and remove water and contaminant, clean surfaces disinfect with approved disinfectant rinse and dry:

Equal amounts of monomer liquid and polymer powder are used to create a:

dry bead

A light continuous movement applied with fingers and palms in a slow, rhythmic manner without pressure is known as ______________

effleurage

Galvanic and high frequency treatment are types of ___________, which is the use of electrical currents to treat the skin.

electrotherapy

A vital tool used in securing employment is the ____________

employment portfolio

Diplomas, awards, and achievements, your resume, and before and after pictures of your services should be in your _____________

employment portfolio

Manufactures also incorporate ______________ agents to bind the oil, water, and pigments together.

emulsifying

A type of chemical exfoliation product is ___________

enzyme peels

color fillers

equalize porosity and deposit color in one application to provide a uniform contributing pigment on prelightened hair

all permanent tools used to perform nail services that are not implements.some permanent equipment for performing pedicure is different from that ones used in manicure

equipment

The science of "fitting the job to the person" is called?

ergonomics

Aromatherapy refers to the therapeutic use of _______ or plant aromas for beauty and health treatments

essential oils

The monomer liquid liquid portion consists of:

ethyl methacrylate

Make sure the light always shines directly and __________ on the face.

evenly

The term that refers to the removal of excess dead cells from the skin surface is _____________

exfoliation

Lip color must complement the clients hair and _______ color as well as current fashion trends.

eye

Which cleansers contain surfactants (detergents) that cause the product to foam and rinse-off easily, and are generally recommended for combination or oilier skin types?

foaming cleansers

To increase blood circulation to the feet try?

foot massage

Choosing the correct color of _________________ is the first step in the application process.

foundation

equipment, implements, materials, professional pedicure products

four types of nail technology tools that you use into pedicure:

Among the recent ergonomic improvements to the salon workplace are?

free standing shampoo bowls

An enzyme peel in which a cream is applied to the skin and forms a hardened crust that is then massaged or rolled off the skin is called _______________

gommage

Selena takes pride in her work and is committed to constantly doing a good job for her clients, employer, and salon team. What characteristics best describe her?

good work ethic

You may want to schedule clients who are _________________ late for the last appointment of the day or ask them to arrive earlier than their actual appointment time.

habitually

Use of the wrists and outer edges of hands in fast, light, firm, flexible motions against the skin in alternate succession is called _____________

hacking

cosmetology services are generally limited to the scalp, face, neck, shoulders, upper chest, back, feet, lower legs, and _________

hands and arms

beeswax

hard and soft wax products are made primarily of resins and _________________________________

Establishing a routine for sleep, meals, and other daily requirements is?

helpful in reducing stress

I subtle colors are generally referred to as:

highlight, base, and contour colors.

foil technique

highlighting technique that involves coloring selected strands of hair by slicing or weaving out sections and putting them into foils, applying lightener or permanent haircolor and then sealing in foil or plastic wrap

Most types of hyperpigmentation or dark blotches of color, are caused by sun exposure or ______________

hormone imbalances

two

how many types of toenail clippers are there:

What is good advice to follow when preparing to visit a salon?

if possible, confirm the appointment via e-mail the day before

refuse service and refer to physician

if the client has a nail fungus, you should:

When you perform nail services, you use a multi-use or disposable tools called ___________.

implements

The base coat creates a colorless layer on the natural nail that _______.

improves adhesion of polish

bulb

in laser hair removal, a laser beam is pulsed on the skin, impairing the hair ___________________________-

45 to 50 minutes

in order to be on time you must be polishing ____ after beginning a one an hour service:

pedicure station

includes a comfortable chair with an armrest and footrest for the client and an ergonomic chair for the cosmetologist

friction

incorporates various strokes that manipulate or press one layer of tissue over another

During the Victorian age, women pinched their cheeks and bit their lips to:

induce natural color rather than use cosmetics

While 3-d nail art describes any art that protrudes from the nail, ________________ are placed inside a nail enhancement by sandwiching the art between two layers of product while the enhancement is forming.

inlaid design

The document also known as a client questionnaire, consultation card or health history form is the client ____________________________.

intake form

An individual who is committed to a strong code of moral and artistic values is said to have __________

integrity

tertiary color

intermediate color achieved by combining a secondary color and its neighboring primary color in equal parts

What is the best kind of motivation?

internal

_______________ is the process of using galvanic current to enable water soluble products that contain ions to penetrate the skin

iontophoresis

masque

is a concentrated treatment product often composed of mineral clays, moisturizing agents, skin softeners, aromatherapy oils,botanical extracts, and other beneficial ingredients to cleanse, exfoliate, tighten, tone hydrate and nourish the skin

Foot file

large, abrasive file used to smooth and reduce thicker areas of callus:

Effective human relations and communication skills build ________________, accelerate professional growth, and promote a positive work environment.

lasting client relationships

on the scalp ligtheners

lighteners that can be used directly on the scalp by mixing the lightener with activators

cap technique

lightening technique that involves pulling clean strands of hair through a perforated cap with a thin plastic or metal hook

When hiding a blemish, avoid applying a color _____________ than your client skin tone as this will draw attention to the area being concealed.

lighter

Adequate and flattering ______________ is essential for both a consultation and the application portions of the makeup process.

lighting

You'll find that ______________ effects how well you execute the procedure.

lighting

There should be no obvious __________________________ where the foundation begins and ends.

line of demarcation

Cream foundation is considerably thicker than a:

liquid

reverse highlighting

low lights; technique of coloring strands of hair darker than the natural color

As a cosmetologist spending a great deal of time on your feet, proper foot care will help you?

maintain good posture

integrity

maintain your integrity by aligning your behavior and actions to your values,

In handling a client who is dissatisfied with a service, the ultimate goal is to ___________________________________.

make the client happy and so they will return for future services

The term poly means:

many

the manual or mechanical manipulation of the body by various movements to increase metabolism and circulation, promote absorption and relieve pain is ___________

massage

What is used to achieve good slip during a massage?

massage cream

When choosing a salon, it is important to select one that serves clientele who ___________________

match the type that you want to serve

Masks that contain special crystals of gypsum that harden when mixed with cold water immediately before application are ___________

modelage mask

___________ are products that help increase the moisture content of the skin surface and help diminish the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles.

moisturizers

Substance made up of many small molecules that are not attached to one another

monomer

The _______ in nail enhancements is represented by the liquid.

monomer

Every muscle has a _______ point which is the point over the muscle where pressure or stimulation will cause contraction of the muscle

motor

Removing nail enhancements with a nipper may perpetuate a lifting problem and can damage the:

nail plate

A _________ skintone contains equal elements of warm and cool.

neutral

For nail salon-related applications, gloves made of __________ work best.

nitrile polymer powder

semi-permanant hair color

no lift, deposit only haircolor that is NOT mixed with peroxide and is formulated to last through several shampoos

When removing nail polish from nails with wrap resins, a ______________ product is recommended.

non-acetone

cleansing masks

non-foaming lotion cleansers designed to cleanse dry and sensitive skin types and remove makeup

Steam the face mildly with warm, moist towels or with a facial steamer in order to _________________

open the skin pores

Latisse is only available through:

physicians

As an added service in a manicure, a hand massage may be given before ___________.

polish

Used to enhance the adhesion of nail enhancements.

primer

presoftening

process of treating gray or very resistant hair to allow better penetration

What is achieved through light but firm, slow rhythmic movements, or very slow, light hand vibrations over the motor points for a short time?

relaxation

After an oil manicure, before a base coat is applied, you must _________.

remove all traces of oil

In order to feel refreshed and eager to face the workday, it's important to?

renew yourself with relaxation

One of the functions of a top coat or sealer is to make the nail polish ___________.

resistant to chipping

As you interact and communicate with fellow coworkers, remember to treat everyone with ________________.

respect

_________________ is chronic hereditary disorder that can be indicated by constant or frequent facial blushing and appears other with dilated capillaries and diffuse redness.

rosacea

For use with monomer and polymer products the best brushes are composed of:

sable hair

weekly

scaly feet commonly require__________ treatment in the salon

Monomer liquid and polymer powder nail enhancements are also known as _________ nails.

sculptured

toners

semipermanent, demipermanent, and permanent hair color products that are used primarily on prelightened hair to achieve pale and delicate colors

As you interact and communicate with coworkers, you should be honest and _________________________.

sensitive

Gather permanent information about the client, including skin condition, and make note of any skin:

sensitivities

Record client information on a:

service record card

The area of the side of the nail plate that runs from the cuticle to the end of the nail extension.

sidewall

The first step in preparing for employment is to complete a _________

skills inventory

The body's largest organ is the?

skin

The nail shape that is straight across with no rounding at the edges is known as __________.

square

pedicure foot bath made of

stainless steel basin to an outomatic whirlpool that warms and massages the client's feet

paraffin wax

stimulate circulation

intensity

strength of hair color

Ergonomics

study of how a work place can best be designed for comfort, safety, efficency, and productivity

An antibacterial product found to be beneficial in reducing the production of sebum is _________

sulfur

law of color

system for understanding color relationships

level system

system that colorists use to determine the lightness or darkness of a hair color

If you wait until you graduate to look for a job, you are likely to ____________________

take the first offer

Blend the concealer by ____________ with the ring finger or sponge.

tapping

washable and reusable mitts available for both hands and feet, are placed over a client;s feet after a penetrating conditioning product and plastic cover have been applied

terry cloth mitts

must be comfortable

the chair of the cosmetologist uses when performing a pedicure :

The ability to understand people is _______________ to operating effectively in many industries.

the key

polish

the last step when giving a pedicure service:

The foundation of good personal grooming includes?

the latest styles

threading

the manipulation of cotton thread that is twisted and rolled along the surface of the skin, entwining the hair in the thread and lifting it from the follicle, is know as ___________________________

The most important test-taking strategy is to know ____________

the material

hair color

the natural color of the hair

Pleasing tone of voice

the tone of your voice is a personality trait, but if your natural voice is harsh or if you tend to mumble, you can consciously improve by speaking more softly or more clearly.

level

the unit of measurement used to identify the lightness or darkness of a haircolor

reflexology

the use of compression massage on designated areas on the hands and feet

the care of feet

the word pedicure means :

made of foam rubber or cotton and used to keep toes apart while polishing the nails:

toe separators

holding the toes apart

toe separators are used for:

When you help the client select a hairstyle that is reflective of her body shape and entire lifestyle, you are subscribing to the __________________ concept.

total look

To avoid injury, you should avoid leaning forward or stretching to reach your client's feet:

true

Vigorous or strong massage techniques should be avoided on clients with sensitive or redness-prone skin:

true

clients with scaly feet should be sent to a podiatrist to define whether the scaly condition is cause by a fungus

true

pedicure can cause more damage to clients than manicure

true

To earn a client's ______________ and loyalty, be consistent by always having a positive attitude.

trust

When selecting concealer, be sure that it is no more than _________ shades lighter than your clients skin.

two

To create a high shine on the nails, use a _________________.

two/three-way buffer

Lips can be full, or thin, and are usually:

uneven

paraffin bath

use for relaxation and the warmth to enable penetration of product.

hot stones

used in pedicure not manicures they can be incorporate into manicure. hot stones for pedicures are usually upscale service includes massage of the feet and legs.stone are not hot they're merely comfortably warm/

If a green contains more yellow, it is interpreted as being:

warm

Cleansing cream is removed from the skin with tissues, moist cotton pads, facial sponges, or __________

warm, moist towels

All stainless steel implements must be __________________ after they are used and before they are placed in disinfectant.

washed with soap/water

Eye makeup removers are either:

water based or oil based

Foundations are either considered to be:

water-based for oil based

exfoliating scrubs

water-based lotions that contain a mild, gritty-like abrasive and moisturizer to help in removing dry, flaky skin and reduce calluses

excessive rubbing with exfoliating scrub

what can cause bleeding during a pedicure:

reduction of heat sensitivity

what is not a benefit of paraffin wax;

disinfectant

what should never be placed in the foot bath with the client feet:

In the 1990s

when was when pedicure exploded on to service menus and became the fastest-growing service in the industry

any kind of razor

which implement cannot be used to remove calluses:

steel file

which implements cannot be used during a pedicure in California

What is an example of a disposable implement used in nail services?

wooden pushers

_________________ is a vigorous movement in which your hands are placed a little distance apart on both sides of the clients are or leg. while working downward, a twisting motion is applied against the bones in the opposite direction .

wringing

Aerobics exercise, which improves heart function, includes all the following except?

yoga

The best time to do field research by visiting salons is to _____________

you are still a student

Image of the Salon

your professional image should match

communication

your responsibility to behave ethically extends to your communications with customers and coworkers.

Turned Hair

"Remi hair" ; the root end of every single strand is sewn into the base, so that the cuticles of all hair strands move in the same direction: down.

Capless wigs

"caps"; machine-made from human or artificial hair which is woven into rows of wefts. Wefts are sewn to elastic strips in a circular pattern to fit the head shape.

Hand-tied wigs

"hand-knotted wigs"; wigs made by inserting individual strands of hair into mesh foundations and knotting them with a needle.

Lamps attached to a manicure table should have a bulb of ____________ watts.

40 to 60

It is recommended that you allow how much time in your schedule to do the client consultation?

5-15 minutes

alkali

A caustic ___________________________ preparation is used for the temporary removal of superfluous hair by dissolving it at the skin surface level.

Sanitizing

A chemical process for reducing the number of disease-causing germs on cleaned surfaces to a safe level.

disinfectant

A chemical that should never be added to the footbath with the client's feet is a:

Employment portfolio

A collection, usually bound, of photos and documents that reflect your skills, accomplishments, and abilities in your chosen career field.

acetone

A colorless, inflammable liquid; miscible with water, alcohol, and ether; and has a sweetish odor or burning taste. It is used as a solvent.

protein hardener

A combination of clear polish and protein, such as collagen.

oval nail

A conservative nail shape that is thought to be attractive on most women's hands. It is similar to a squoval nail with even more rounded corners.

Hairpins

A hair wrap is secured to the client's own hair with ______.

dimethyl urea hardeners

A hardener that adds cross-links to the natural nail plate. Unlike hardeners containing formaldehyde, DMU does not cause adverse skin reactions.

magnifying lamp

A magnifying lens surrounded by a circular light, providing a well-lit, enlarged view of the skin.

urethane methacrylate

A main ingredient used alone or in combination with urethane acrylates to create light cured gel nail enhancements.

two-color method

A method whereby two colors of resin are used to overlay the nail.

Mycobacterium fortuitum

A microscopic germ that normally exists in tap water in small numbers.

shiner

A multi sided buffer (usually 400/1,000/4,000 grit) used to create a high shine on a natural nail or a nail enhancement when no polish will be worn.

nail clippers

A multiuse implement used to shorten the nail plate quickly and efficiently.

metal pusher

A multiuse implement, made of stainless steel; used to push back the eponychium but can also be used to gently scrape cuticle tissue from the natural nail plate.

square nail

A nail shape completely straight across the free edge with no rounding at the outside edges.

squoval nail

A nail shape with a square free edge that is rounded off at the corner edges.

Repair patch

A piece of fabric cut to completely cover a crack or break in a nail is a _____.

extraction

A procedure in which comedones are removed from the follicles by manual manipulation.

Photoepilation

A process called ___ uses intense light to destroy the growth cells of the hair follicles.

chemical hair relaxing

A process or service that rearranges the structure of curly hair into a straighter or smoother form. M: from curly hair to straight hair.

nail nipper

A stainless-steel implement used to carefully trim away dead skin around the nails.

mission statement

A statement that establishes the purpose and values for which an individual or institution lives and works by. It provides a sense of direction by defining guiding principles and clarifying goals, as well as how an organization operates.

Salary

A stockholder of a corporation is required to pay unemployment insurance taxes on _____.

permanent waving

A two-step process whereby the hair undergoes a physical change caused by wrapping the hair on perm rods; the hair undergoes a chemical change caused by the application of permanent waving solution and neutralizer.

Business

A written plan that describes a business and foresees projections for the next 5 years is a ____ plan.

Aerosol

Activators come in several different forms: brush-on bottle, pump spray-on, and _____.

threading

Also known as banding; temporary hair removal method that involves twisting and rolling cotton thread along the surface of the skin, entwining the hair in the thread, and lifting it from the follicle.

loop rod

Also known as circle rod; tool that is usually about 12 inches long with a uniform diameter along the entire length of the rod. M: perm rods

alkaline waves

Also known as cold waves; they have a pH between 9.0 and 9.6, use ammonium thioglycolate (ATG) as the reducing agent, and process at room temperature without the addition of heat.

color fading

Also known as color graduation, this nail art technique is when one color fades into the other, and the meeting point is a combination of the two.

polymerization

Also known as curing or hardening; chemical reaction that creates polymers.

single-use implements

Also known as disposable implements; implements that cannot be reused and must be thrown away after a single use.

peptide bonds

Also known as end bonds; chemical bonds that join amino acids together, end-to-end in long chains, to form polypeptide chains.

end papers

Also known as end wraps; absorbent papers used to control the ends of the hair when wrapping and winding hair on perm rods. M: papers used to control ends of hair when perming.

toners

Also known as fresheners or astringents; lotions that help rebalance the pH and remove remnants of cleanser from the skin.

Humectants

Also known as hydrators or water-binding agents; ingredients that attract water.

enzyme peels

Also known as keratolytic enzymes or protein-dissolving agents; a type of chemical exfoliant that works by dissolving keratin protein in the surface cells of the skin.

masks

Also known as masques; concentrated treatment products often composed of mineral clays, moisturizing agents, skin softeners, aromatherapy oils, botanical extracts and other beneficial ingredients to cleanse, exfoliate, tighten, tone, hydrate, and nourish the skin.

tapotement

Also known as percussion; movements consisting of short, quick tapping, slapping, and hacking movements.

double-rod wrap

Also known as piggyback wrap; a wrap technique whereby extra-long hair is wrapped on one rod from the scalp midway down the hair shaft, and another rod is used to wrap the remaining hair strand in the same direction. M: Piggyback perm

chain reaction

Also known as polymerization reaction; process that joins together monomers to create very long polymer chains.

base cream

Also known as protective base cream; oily cream used to protect the skin and scalp during hair relaxing.

multiuse implements

Also known as reusable implements; implements that are generally stainless steel because they must be properly cleaned and disinfected between clients.

glossing gel

Also known as sealing gel, finishing gel, or shine gel; these gels are used over the finished light cured gel application to create a high shine.

soft UV and LED gels

Also known as soakable gels; these gels are removed by soaking in acetone.

basic permanent wrap

Also known as straight set wrap; perm wrapping in which all the rods within panel move in the same direction and are positioned on equal-sized bases; all the base sections are horizontal, and are the same length and width as the perm rod. M: straight back perm wrap.

hard UV and LED gels

Also known as traditional UV and LED gels; gels that cannot be removed with a solvent and must be filed off the natural nail.

Write a draft job description and share it with her manager

Azalea fines for self working at a salon that does not have job descriptions. What is the best approach for her to take in the situation?

Which item should be included in your employment portfolio?

Before and after photos

Coloring matter used by ancient peoples:

Berries, tree bark, minerals, insects, nuts, herbs, leaves and others.

Chinese people wore what colors on their nails

Black or red

_________ eyes are neutral and can wear any color.

Brown

Small

Brushes that are used to hold and spread the gel should be

Is not necessary

Buffing after surface filing

Correct

Business records are only of value if they are concise, ___, and complete.

A corrective make a technique used to conceal scars, burns, and pigmentation issues ranging from vitiligo to tattoos:

Camouflaging

one-colored method

Clients who wish to wear colored polish over nail enhancements should use the

Effective communication skills

Commit to practicing effective communication through active listening, non-verbal, and verbal skills.

small scoop-shaped implements used for more efficient removal of debris from the nail folds, eponychium:

Curette

Lock stich

Cut a length of the thread that is double the length of the weft being sewn. Pass the needle through the weft to connect it to the tract pull the thread through to creat a loop

Crack

Cutting nail tips with a nail tip cutter will cause the nail tip to weaken and _____.

Egyptian Kings and Queens wore what color on their nails

Deep red

friction

Deep rubbing movement requiring pressure on the skin with the fingers or palm while moving them over an underlying structure.

Hepatitis

Definition:A bloodborne virus that causes disease and can damage the liver.

cell membrane

Definition:A cell part that encloses the protoplasm and permits soluble substances to enter and leave the cell.

chemical change

Definition:A change in the chemical composition or make-up of a substance.

physical change

Definition:A change in the form or physical properties of a substance without a chemical reaction or the creation of a new substance.

pure substance

Definition:A chemical combination of matter in definite (fixed) proportions.

molecule

Definition:A chemical combination of two or more atoms in definite (fixed) proportions.

Disinfection (disinfecting)

Definition:A chemical process that destroys most, but not necessarily all, harmful organisms on environmental surfaces. The pathogens of concern in the cosmetology industry are effectively destroyed by the disinfection process, which is required in all states.

oxidation

Definition:A chemical reaction that combines a substance with oxygen to produce an oxide.

Chignon

Definition:A classic updo designed around a ponytail; a technique used in formal hairstyling.

Tissue

Definition:A collection of similar cells that perform a particular function.

chromophore

Definition:A color component within the skin such as blood or melanin.

thioglycolic acid

Definition:A colorless liquid or white crystals with a strong unpleasant odor that is used in permanent waving solutions

Protoplasm

Definition:A colorless, jelly-like substance found inside cells in which food elements such as proteins, fats, carbohydrates, mineral salts, and water are present.

inflammation

Definition:A condition in which the body reacts to injury, irritation, or infection; characterized by redness, heat, pain, and swelling.

Hangnail

Definition:A condition in which the living tissue surrounding the nail plate splits or tears.

joint

Definition:A connection between two or more bones of the skeleton.

Scabies

Definition:A contagious skin disease that is caused by the itch mite, which burrows under the skin.

superficial temporal artery

Definition:A continuation of the external carotid nerve artery; supplies blood to the muscles of the front, side, and top of the head.

Surfactants

Definition:A contraction of surface active agents; substances that allow oil and water to mix, or emulsify.

Fissure

Definition:A crack in the skin that penetrates the dermis. Examples are severely cracked and/or chapped hands or lips.

root curl

Definition:A curl pattern that creates volume of hair, movement, and a curl formation from roots to ends.

twist-out

Definition:A double-stranded twist set is unravel and opened to create a spirally, full-crimped effect.

sebum

Definition:A fatty or oily secretion that lubricates the skin and preserves the softness of the hair.

sebum

Definition:A fatty or oily substance secreted by the sebaceous glands that lubricates the skin.

keratin

Definition:A fibrous protein that grows from cells originating within the hair follicle.

Desincrustation

Definition:A form of anaphoresis; process used to soften and emulsify grease deposits (oil) and blackheads in the hair follicles.

tinea capitis

Definition:A fungal infection of the scalp characterized by red papules, or spots, at the opening of the hair follicles.

Single lines

Definition:A hairstyle with only one line, such as the one-length hairstyle.

sebaceous cyst

Definition:A large, protruding pocket-like lesion filled with sebum. Sebaceous cysts are frequently seen on the scalp and the back and may be surgically removed by a dermatologist.

polypeptide chain

Definition:A long chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds.

lesion

Definition:A mark on the skin; may indicate an injury or damage that changes the structure of tissues or organs.

Virus

Definition:A parasitic submicroscopic particle that infects and resides in cells of biological organisms.

physical mixture

Definition:A physical combination of matter in any proportion.

temper

Definition:A process used to condition a new brass pressing comb so that it heats evenly.

Epithelial tissue

Definition:A protective covering on body surfaces, such as skin, mucous membranes, the tissue inside the mouth, the lining of the heart, digestive and respiratory organs, and the glands.

Rhythm

Definition:A regular pulsation or recurrent pattern of movement in a design.

tinea pedis

Definition:A ringworm fungus of the foot.

twisting

Definition:A rope effect on individual sections of hair made with a double stranded twist technique done by overlapping two strand sections of hair, to form a candy cane effect.

skin tag

Definition:A small brown-colored or flesh-colored outgrowth of the skin.

Nodule

Definition:A solid bump larger than 0.4 inches (1 centimeter) that can be easily felt.

alkaline solution

Definition:A solution that has a pH above 7.0 (neutral).

Esthetician

Definition:A specialist in the cleansing, beautification, and preservation of the health of skin on the entire body, including the face and neck.

solution

Definition:A stable physical mixture of two or more substances.

reducing agent

Definition:A substance that adds hydrogen to a chemical compound or subtracts oxygen from the compound.

tinea barbae

Definition:A superficial fungal infection caused by a variety of dermatophytes that commonly affects the skin. It is primarily limited to the bearded areas of the face and neck or around the scalp. A person with this condition may have deep, inflamed or non-inflamed patches of skin on the face or the nape of the neck.

overhand technique

Definition:A technique in which the first side section goes over the middle one, then the other side section goes over the middle strand.

Hair wrapping

Definition:A technique used to keep curly hair smooth and straight.

coil comb technique

Definition:A technique with individual formations of cylindrical coils used to create coil styles or locks. This method involves placing the comb at the base of the scalp and, with a rotating motion, spiraling the hair into a coil. With each revolution, the comb moves down until it reaches the end of the hair shaft.

Diagonal back

Definition:A type of diagonal line that creates movement away from the face.

Diagonal forward

Definition:A type of diagonal line that creates movement toward the face.

Mildew

Definition:A type of fungus that affects plants or grows on inanimate objects, but does not cause human infections in the salon.

eumelanin

Definition:A type of melanin that is dark brown to black in color. People with dark-colored skin mostly produce eumelanin. There are two types of melanin; the other type is pheomelanin.

pheomelanin

Definition:A type of melanin that is red to yellow in color. People with light-colored skin mostly produce pheomelanin. There are two types of melanin; the other type is eumelanin.

salt bond

Definition:A weak, physical, cross-link side bond between adjacent polypeptide chains.

hydrogen bond

Definition:A weak, physical, cross-link side bond that is easily broken by water or heat.

ampere

Definition:Abbreviated A and also known as amp (AMP); unit that measures the strength of an electric current.

Alternating current

Definition:Abbreviated AC; rapid and interrupted current, flowing first in one direction and then in the opposite direction; produced by mechanical means and changes directions 60 times per second.

Allergic contact dermatitis

Definition:Abbreviated ACD; an allergy to an ingredient or a chemical, usually caused by repeated skin contact with the chemical.

Alpha hydroxy acids (AHAs)

Definition:Abbreviated AHAs; acids derived from plants (mostly fruit) that are often used to exfoliate the skin.

autonomic nervous system (ANS)

Definition:Abbreviated ANS; the part of the nervous system that controls the involuntary muscles; regulates the action of the smooth muscles, glands, blood vessels, heart, and breathing.

central nervous system (CNS)

Definition:Abbreviated CNS; consists of the brain, spinal cord, spinal nerves, and cranial nerves.

Direct current

Definition:Abbreviated DC; constant, even-flowing current that travels in one direction only and is produced by chemical means.

human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

Definition:Abbreviated HIV; virus that causes acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS).

Irritant contact dermatitis

Definition:Abbreviated ICD. Occurs when irritating substances temporarily damage the epidermis.

light-emitting diode

Definition:Abbreviated LED; a medical device used to reduce acne, increase blood circulation, and improve the collagen content in the skin.

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

Definition:Abbreviated MRSA; a type of infectious bacteria that is highly resistant to conventional treatments due to incorrect doses or choice of antibiotic.

Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)

Definition:Abbreviated MSDS; replaced by Safety Data Sheet; information compiled by the manufacturer about product safety, including the names of hazardous ingredients, safe handling and use procedures, precautions to reduce the risk of accidental harm or overexposure, and flammability warnings.

oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion

Definition:Abbreviated O/W emulsion; oil droplets emulsified in water.

ohm

Definition:Abbreviated O; unit that measures the resistance of an electric current.

Propionibacterium acnes

Definition:Abbreviated P. acnes; technical term for acne bacteria.

peripheral nervous system (PNS)

Definition:Abbreviated PNS; system of nerves that connects the peripheral (outer) parts of the body to the central nervous system; it has both sensory and motor nerves.

Safety Data Sheet (SDS) (formerly known as MSDS sheets)

Definition:Abbreviated SDS; required by law for all products sold. SDSs include safety information about products compiled by the manufacturer, including hazardous ingredients, safe use and handling procedures, proper disposal guidelines, precautions to reduce the risk of accidental harm or overexposure, and more.

Standard Precautions

Definition:Abbreviated SP; precautions such as wearing personal protective equipment to prevent skin and mucous membranes where contact with a client's blood, body fluids, secretions (except sweat), excretions, non-intact skin, and mucous membranes is likely. Workers must assume that all blood and body fluids are potential sources of infection, regardless of the perceived risk.

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs)

Definition:Abbreviated VOCs; compounds that contain carbon (organic) and evaporate very easily (volatile).

watt

Definition:Abbreviated W; unit that measures how much electric energy is being used in one second.

kilowatt

Definition:Abbreviated kw; 1,000 watts.

milliampere

Definition:Abbreviated mA; 1 1,000 of an ampere.

Hair elasticity

Definition:Ability of the hair to stretch and return to its original length without breaking.

Stain

Definition:Abnormal brown-colored or wine-colored skin discoloration with a circular and/or irregular shape.

dyschromias

Definition:Abnormal colorations of the skin that accompany skin disorders and are symptoms of many systemic disorders.

Nail pterygium

Definition:Abnormal condition that occurs when the skin is stretched by the nail plate; usually caused by serious injury, such as burns, or an adverse skin reaction to chemical nail enhancement products.

hypertrophy

Definition:Abnormal growth of the skin.

alopecia

Definition:Abnormal hair loss.

tubercle

Definition:Abnormal, rounded, solid lump above, within, or under the skin; larger than a papule.

Hypopigmentation

Definition:Absence of pigment, resulting in light or white splotches.

keratoma

Definition:Acquired, superficial, thickened patch of epidermis. A callus is a keratoma caused by continued, repeated pressure or friction on any part of the skin, especially the hands and feet.

Laser

Definition:Acronym for light amplification stimulation emission of radiation; a medical device that uses electromagnetic radiation for hair removal and skin treatments.

Mandibular nerve

Definition:Affects the muscles of the chin, lower lip, and external ear.

Volatile alcohols

Definition:Alcohols that evaporate easily.

Alkanolamines

Definition:Alkaline substances used to neutralize acids or raise the pH of many hair products.

Sensitization

Definition:Allergic reaction created by repeated exposure to a chemical or a substance.

Nubian knots

Definition:Also known as Bantu knots; hair is double-strand twisted or coil twisted and then wrapped around itself to create a knot and then secured with a pin or elastic band.

Twist

Definition:Also known as French pleat; a technique used for formal hairstyling that creates a look of conical shape.

Thermal waving and curling

Definition:Also known as Marcel waving; methods of waving and curling straight or pressed dry hair using thermal irons and special manipulative curling techniques.

Bun

Definition:Also known as a knot; the foundation technique used for this look is a ponytail and can sit high or low.

blunt haircut

Definition:Also known as a one-length haircut; haircut in which all the hair comes to one hanging level, forming a weight line or area; hair is cut with no elevation or overdirection.

Patella

Definition:Also known as accessory bone or kneecap; forms the kneecap joint.

acne vulgaris

Definition:Also known as acne; a skin disorder characterized by chronic inflammation of the sebaceous glands from retained secretions and bacteria known as Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) bacteria.

Subcutaneous tissue

Definition:Also known as adipose or subcutis tissue; fatty tissue found below the dermis that gives smoothness and contour to the body, contains fat for use as energy, and also acts as a protective cushion for the outer skin.

Sensory nerves

Definition:Also known as afferent nerves (AAF-eer-ent NURVS); carry impulses or messages from the sense organs to the brain, where sensations of touch, cold, heat, sight, sound, taste, smell, pain, and pressure are experienced.

peptide bond

Definition:Also known as an end bond; chemical bond that joins amino acids to each other, end-to-end, to form a polypeptide chain.

Androgenic alopecia

Definition:Also known as androgenetic alopecia (an-druh-je-NET-ik al-oh-PEE-shah); hair loss characterized by miniaturization of terminal hair that is converted to vellus hair; in men, it is known as male pattern baldness.

Talus

Definition:Also known as ankle bone; one of three bones that comprise the ankle joint. The other two bones are the tibia and fibula.

Deep peroneal nerve

Definition:Also known as anterior tibial nerve; it extends down the front of the leg, behind the muscles. It supplies impulses to these muscles and also to the muscles and skin on the top of the foot and adjacent sides of the first and second toes.

Tinea pedis

Definition:Also known as athlete's foot; medical term for fungal infections of the feet; red, itchy rash of the skin on the bottom of the feet and/or in between the toes, usually found between the fourth and fifth toe.

alkalis

Definition:Also known as bases; compounds that react with acids to form salts.

Nevus

Definition:Also known as birthmark; a small or large malformation of the skin due to abnormal pigmentation or dilated capillaries.

Onychophagy

Definition:Also known as bitten nails; result of a habit of chewing the nail or chewing the hardened skin surrounding the nail plate.

Cornrows

Definition:Also known as canerows; narrow rows of visible braids that lie close to the scalp and are created with a three-strand, on-the-scalp braiding technique.

Levator anguli oris muscle

Definition:Also known as caninus muscle; muscle that raises the angle of the mouth and draws it inward.

circulatory system

Definition:Also known as cardiovascular system or vascular system; The body system that controls the steady circulation of the blood through the body by means of the heart and blood vessels.

Chelating soaps

Definition:Also known as chelating detergents; they break down stubborn films and remove the residue of pedicure products such as scrubs, salts, and masks.

Thorax

Definition:Also known as chest or pulmonary trunk (PUL-muh-nayr-ee TRUNK); consists of the sternum, ribs, and thoracic vertebrae; elastic, bony cage that serves as a protective framework for the heart, lungs, and other internal organs.

Scar

Definition:Also known as cicatrix; a lightly raised mark on the skin formed after an injury or lesion of the skin has healed.

curl

Definition:Also known as circle; the hair that is wrapped around the roller.

French Pleat

Definition:Also known as classic French twist; a technique used for formal hairstyling that creates a look of folded hair.

Clavicle

Definition:Also known as collarbone; the bone that joins the sternum and scapula.

Coils

Definition:Also known as comb twist; small sections of natural hair that are gelled and spiraled with fingers or a comb to create individual formations of tight, cylindrical coils.

contagious disease

Definition:Also known as communicable disease; disease that is spread from one person to another person. Some of the more contagious diseases are the common cold, ringworm, conjunctivitis (pinkeye), viral infections, and natural nail or toe and foot infections.

Compound molecules

Definition:Also known as compounds; a chemical combination of two or more atoms of different elements in definite (fixed) proportions.

dermis

Definition:Also known as derma, corium, cutis, or true skin; underlying or inner layer of the skin.

single-use

Definition:Also known as disposable items; items that cannot be used more than once. These items cannot be properly cleaned so that all visible residue is removed—such as pumice stones used for pedicures—or they are damaged or contaminated by cleaning and disinfecting.

dorsal nerve

Definition:Also known as dorsal cutaneous nerve; a nerve that extends up from the toes and foot, just under the skin, supplying impulses to toes and foot, as well as the muscles and skin of the leg, where it becomes the superficial peroneal nerve.

Locks

Definition:Also known as dreadlocks or locs; separate networks of curly, textured hair that have been intertwined and meshed together.

Exocrine glands

Definition:Also known as duct glands; they produce a substance that travels through small, tube-like ducts. Sweat glands and oil glands of the skin belong to this group.

Endocrine glands

Definition:Also known as ductless glands; glands such as the thyroid and pituitary gland that release hormonal secretions directly into the bloodstream.

Motor nerves

Definition:Also known as efferent nerves; carry impulses from the brain to the muscles or glands.

electromagnetic spectrum

Definition:Also known as electromagnetic spectrum of radiation; name given to all of the forms of energy (or radiation) that exist.

facial artery

Definition:Also known as external maxillary artery; branch of the external carotid artery that supplies blood to the lower region of the face, mouth, and nose.

seventh cranial nerve

Definition:Also known as facial nerve; is the chief motor nerve of the face. Its divisions and their branches supply and control all the muscles of facial expression. It emerges near the lower part of the ear and extends to the muscles of the neck.

emphasis

Definition:Also known as focus; the place in a hairstyle where the eye is drawn first before traveling to the rest of the design.

Plicatured nail

Definition:Also known as folded nail; a type of highly curved nail usually caused by injury to the matrix, but may be inherited.

bang area

Definition:Also known as fringe area; triangular section that begins at the apex, or high point of the head, and ends at the front corners.

On base

Definition:Also known as full base; position of a curl or roller directly on its base for maximum volume.

digestive (gastrointestinal) system

Definition:Also known as gastrointestinal system; the body system that is responsible for breaking down foods into nutrients and wastes; consists of the mouth, stomach, intestines, salivary and gastric glands, and other organs.

Systemic circulation

Definition:Also known as general circulation; system that carries the oxygen-rich blood from the heart throughout the body and returns deoxygenated blood back to the heart.

stratum granulosum

Definition:Also known as granular layer; layer of the epidermis composed of cells that look like granules and are filled with keratin; replaces cells shed from the stratum corneum.

anagen phase

Definition:Also known as growth phase; phase during which new hair is produced.

guideline

Definition:Also known as guide; section of hair, located either at the perimeter or the interior of the cut, which determines the length the hair will be cut. Usually the first section that is cut to create a shape.

Deep-conditioning treatment

Definition:Also known as hair mask or conditioning pack; chemical mixture of concentrated protein and intensive moisturizer.

head form

Definition:Also known as head shape; the shape of the head, which greatly affects the way the hair falls and behaves.

Thermal protection product

Definition:Also known as heat protection hair care product; is used on damp hair after applying styling product and before blowdrying. It protects the hair from heat damage caused by thermal styling tools like blowdryers, flat irons, and curling irons.

Hypertrichosis

Definition:Also known as hirsuties (hur-SOO-shee-eez); condition of abnormal growth of hair, characterized by the growth of terminal hair in areas of the body that normally grow only vellus hair.

stratum corneum

Definition:Also known as horny layer; outer layer of the epidermis.

Onychocryptosis

Definition:Also known as ingrown nails; nail grows into the sides of the tissue around the nail.

nonconductor

Definition:Also known as insulator (IN-suh-layt-ur); a material that does not transmit electricity.

invisible braid

Definition:Also known as inverted braid or French braid; a three-strand braid that is produced with an overhand technique.

Vellus hair

Definition:Also known as lanugo hair; short, fine, unpigmented, and downy hair that appears on the body, with the exception of the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet.

sidewall

Definition:Also known as lateral nail fold; the fold of skin overlapping the side of the nail.

Finger-waving lotion

Definition:Also known as liquid gel; is a type of hair gel that makes the hair pliable enough to keep it in place during the finger-waving procedure.

Zygomatic bones

Definition:Also known as malar bones (MAY-lur BOHNS) or cheekbones; bones that form the prominence of the cheeks.

Chloasma

Definition:Also known as mask of pregnancy; condition characterized by typically brown hyperpigmentation, generally on the face, which is not elevated.

Conditioning shampoo

Definition:Also known as moisturizing shampoo; shampoo designed to make the hair appear smooth and shiny and to improve the manageability of the hair.

Foam

Definition:Also known as mousse; a light, airy, whipped styling product that resembles shaving foam and builds moderate body and volume into the hair.

Epicranius

Definition:Also known as occipitofrontalis; the broad muscle that covers the top of the skull and consists of the occipitalis and frontalis.

Sebaceous glands

Definition:Also known as oil glands; glands connected to hair follicles. Sebum is the fatty or oily secretion of the sebaceous glands.

natural nail

Definition:Also known as onyx; the hard protective plate is composed mainly of keratin, the same fibrous protein found in skin and hair. The keratin in natural nails is harder than the keratin in skin or hair.

Light therapy

Definition:Also known as phototherapy; the application of light rays to the skin for the treatment of wrinkles, capillaries, pigmentation, or hair removal.

papule

Definition:Also known as pimple; small elevation on the skin that contains no fluid but may develop pus.

Conjunctivitis

Definition:Also known as pinkeye; infection of the eye(s) that may be caused by a bacteria or a virus; generally extremely contagious.

underhand technique

Definition:Also known as plaiting; a technique in which the left section goes under the middle strand, then the right section goes under the middle strand.

dry shampoo

Definition:Also known as powder shampoo; shampoo that cleanses the hair without the use of soap and water.

Miliaria rubra

Definition:Also known as prickly heat; an acute inflammatory disorder of the sweat glands, characterized by the eruption of small, red vesicles and accompanied by burning, itching skin.

electrode

Definition:Also known as probe; applicator for directing electric current from an electrotherapy device to the client's skin.

Depressor labii inferioris muscle

Definition:Also known as quadratus labii inferioris muscle; muscle surrounding the lower lip; lowers the lower lip and draws it to one side, as in expressing sarcasm.

Levator labii superioris muscle

Definition:Also known as quadratus labii superioris muscle; muscle surrounding the upper lip. It elevates the upper lip and dilates the nostrils, as in expressing distaste.

Onychogryposis

Definition:Also known as ram's horn or claw nails; an enlargement of the fingernails or toenails accompanied by increased thickening and curvature.

Oxidation-reduction

Definition:Also known as redox (ree-DOCS); a chemical reaction in which the oxidizing agent is reduced (by losing oxygen) and the reducing agent is oxidized (by gaining oxygen).

Multiuse

Definition:Also known as reusable items; items that can be cleaned, disinfected, and used on more than one person, even if the item is accidentally exposed to blood or body fluid.

Backbrushing

Definition:Also known as ruffing (RUF-ing); technique used to build a soft cushion or to mesh two or more curl patterns together for a uniform and smooth comb out.

Silicone

Definition:Also known as serum, adds gloss and sheen to the hair while creating textural definition.

Scissor-over-comb

Definition:Also known as shear-over-comb; haircutting technique in which the hair is held in place with the comb while the tips of the shears are used to remove length.

Scapula

Definition:Also known as shoulder blade; large, flat, triangular bone of the shoulder. There are two scapulae.

Effilating

Definition:Also known as slithering; process of thinning the hair to graduated lengths with shears; cutting the hair with a sliding movement of the shears while keeping the blades partially opened.

Cascade curls

Definition:Also known as stand-up curls; pin curls fastened to the head in a standing position to allow the hair to flow upward and then downward.

Sudoriferous glands

Definition:Also known as sweat glands; excrete perspiration and detoxify the body by excreting excess salt and unwanted chemicals.

Body Systems

Definition:Also known as systems; groups of body organs acting together to perform one or more functions. The human body is composed of 11 major systems.

Backcombing

Definition:Also known as teasing, ratting, matting, or French lacing; combing small sections of hair from the ends toward the scalp, causing shorter hair to mat at the scalp and form a cushion or base.

Liquid gels

Definition:Also known as texturizers; styling products that are lighter and less viscous than firm hold gels, used for easy styling, defining, and molding.

Tinea favosa

Definition:Also known as tinea favus; fungal infection characterized by dry, sulfur-yellow, cuplike crusts on the scalp called scutula.

fifth cranial nerve

Definition:Also known as trifacial nerve or trigeminal nerve; the chief sensory nerve of the face that serves as the motor nerve of the muscles that control chewing.

pincer nail

Definition:Also known as trumpet nail; increased crosswise curvature throughout the nail plate caused by an increased curvature of the matrix. The edges of the nail plate may curl around to form the shape of a trumpet or sharp cone at the free edge.

Tesla high-frequency current

Definition:Also known as violet ray; thermal or heat-producing current with a high rate of oscillation or vibration that is commonly used for scalp and facial treatments.

verruca

Definition:Also known as wart; hypertrophy of the papillae and epidermis.

Pomade

Definition:Also known as wax; styling product that adds considerable weight to the hair by causing strands to join together, showing separation in the hair.

disease

Definition:An abnormal condition of all or part of the body, or its systems or organs, which makes the body incapable of carrying on normal function.

Tumor

Definition:An abnormal mass varying in size, shape, and color.

Glycolic acid

Definition:An alpha hydroxy acid used in exfoliation and to lower the pH of products.

cystine

Definition:An amino acid formed when 2 cysteine amino acids (with single sulfur) are joined by their sulfur groups or disulfide bond.

cysteine

Definition:An amino acid with a sulfur atom (S) that joins together two peptide strands.

ion

Definition:An atom or molecule that carries an electrical charge.

Microcurrent

Definition:An extremely low level of electricity that mirrors the body's natural electrical impulses.

Vitamin C

Definition:An important substance needed for proper repair of the skin and tissues; promotes the production of collagen in the skin's dermal tissues; aids in and promotes the skin's healing process.

Local infection

Definition:An infection, such as a pimple or abscess, that is confined to a particular part of the body and appears as a lesion containing pus.

Contact dermatitis

Definition:An inflammation of the skin caused by having contact with certain chemicals or substances; many of these substances are used in cosmetology.

Eczema

Definition:An inflammatory, uncomfortable, and often chronic disease of the skin; characterized by moderate to severe inflammation, scaling, and sometimes severe itching.

anion

Definition:An ion with a negative electrical charge.

Cranium

Definition:An oval, bony case that protects the brain.

emulsion

Definition:An unstable physical mixture of two or more immiscible substances (substances that normally will not stay blended) plus a special ingredient called an emulsifier.

cutting line

Definition:Angle at which the fingers are held when cutting, and, ultimately, the line that is cut; also known as finger angle, finger position, cutting position, or cutting angle.

Onychosis

Definition:Any deformity or disease of the natural nails.

conductor

Definition:Any material that conducts electricity.

microorganism

Definition:Any organism of microscopic or submicroscopic size.

Matter

Definition:Any substance that occupies space and has mass (weight).

Scale

Definition:Any thin, dry, or oily plate of epidermal flakes. An example is abnormal or excessive dandruff.

rectifier

Definition:Apparatus that changes alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC).

inverter

Definition:Apparatus that changes direct current to alternating current.

Infection control

Definition:Are the methods used to eliminate or reduce the transmission of infectious organisms.

Crown

Definition:Area of the head between the apex and back of the parietal ridge.

matrix

Definition:Area where the nail plate cells are formed; this area is composed of matrix cells that produce the nail plate.

external carotid artery

Definition:Artery that supplies blood to the anterior (front) parts of the scalp, ear, face, neck, and sides of the head.

internal carotid artery

Definition:Artery that supplies blood to the brain, eyes, eyelids, forehead, nose, and internal ear.

dorsalis pedis artery

Definition:Artery that supplies blood to the foot.

popliteal artery

Definition:Artery that supplies blood to the foot; divides into two separate arteries known as the anterior tibial artery and the posterior tibial artery.

Alopecia areata

Definition:Autoimmune disorder that causes the affected hair follicles to be mistakenly attacked by a person's own immune system; usually begins with one or more small, round, smooth bald patches on the scalp.

Occipitalis

Definition:Back (posterior) portion of the epicranius; muscle that draws the scalp backward.

Nape

Definition:Back part of the neck; the hair below the occipital bone.

Bacterial spore

Definition:Bacteria capable of producing a protective coating that allows them to withstand very harsh environments, and shed the coating when conditions become more favorable.

Paronychia

Definition:Bacterial inflammation of the tissues surrounding the nail. Redness, pus, and swelling are usually seen in the skin fold adjacent to the nail plate.

Cells

Definition:Basic units of all living things—from bacteria to plants to animals, including human beings.

Milia

Definition:Benign, keratin-filled cysts that can appear just under the epidermis and have no visible opening.

lymph capillaries

Definition:Blind-end tubes that are the origin of lymphatic vessels.

diffuser

Definition:Blowdryer attachment that causes the air to flow more softly and helps to accentuate or keep textural definition.

Respiratory

Definition:Body system consisting of the lungs and air passages; makes blood and oxygen available to body structures through respiration (breathing) and eliminating carbon dioxide.

nervous system

Definition:Body system that consists of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves; controls and coordinates all other systems of the body and makes them work harmoniously and efficiently.

furuncle

Definition:Boil; acute, localized bacterial infection of the hair follicle that produces constant pain.

strand bonding

Definition:Bonding method with loose hair or wefts that are cut into very small sections

side bonds

Definition:Bonds that cross-link the polypeptide chains together and are responsible for the extreme strength and elasticity of human hair.

sphenoid bone

Definition:Bone that joins all of the bones of the cranium together.

Occipital bone

Definition:Bone that protrudes at the base of the skull.

Metacarpus

Definition:Bones of the palm of the hand; parts of the hand containing five bones between the carpus and phalanges.

Parietal bones

Definition:Bones that form the sides and top of the cranium.

Temporal bones

Definition:Bones that form the sides of the head in the ear region.

rope braid

Definition:Braid created with two strands that are twisted around each other.

posterior auricular artery

Definition:Branch of the external carotid artery that supplies blood to the scalp, the area behind and above the ear, and the skin behind the ear.

occipital artery

Definition:Branch of the external carotid artery that supplies blood to the skin and muscles of the scalp and back of the head up to the crown.

Inferior labial artery

Definition:Branch of the facial artery that supplies blood to the lower lip.

Angular artery

Definition:Branch of the facial artery that supplies blood to the side of the nose.

Superior labial artery

Definition:Branch of the facial artery that supplies blood to the upper lip and region of the nose.

Ophthalmic nerve

Definition:Branch of the fifth cranial nerve that supplies impulses to the skin of the forehead, upper eyelids, and interior portion of the scalp, orbit, eyeball, and nasal passage.

Maxillary nerve

Definition:Branch of the fifth cranial nerve that supplies impulses to the upper part of the face.

Infraorbital artery

Definition:Branch of the internal carotid artery that supplies blood to the muscles of the eye.

Supraorbital artery

Definition:Branch of the internal carotid artery that supplies blood to the upper eyelid and forehead.

Posterior auricular nerve

Definition:Branch of the seventh cranial nerve that affects the muscles behind the ear at the base of the skull.

Marginal mandibular nerve

Definition:Branch of the seventh cranial nerve that affects the muscles of the chin and lower lip.

Buccal nerve

Definition:Branch of the seventh cranial nerve that affects the muscles of the mouth.

Temporal nerve

Definition:Branch of the seventh cranial nerve that affects the muscles of the temple, side of the forehead, eyebrow, eyelid, and upper part of the cheek.

Frontal artery

Definition:Branch of the superficial temporal artery that supplies blood to the forehead and upper eyelids.

Anterior auricular artery

Definition:Branch of the superficial temporal artery that supplies blood to the front part of the ear.

Parietal artery

Definition:Branch of the superficial temporal artery that supplies blood to the side and crown of the head.

Transverse facial artery

Definition:Branch of the superficial temporal artery that supplies blood to the skin and masseter muscle.

Middle temporal artery

Definition:Branch of the superficial temporal artery that supplies blood to the temples.

Cervical nerves

Definition:Branches of the seventh cranial nerve; originate at the spinal cord and affect the side of the neck and the platysma muscle.

Platysma muscle

Definition:Broad muscle extending from the chest and shoulder muscles to the side of the chin; responsible for lowering the lower jaw and lip.

anaerobic

Definition:Cannot survive in the presence of oxygen.

infectious

Definition:Caused by or capable of being transmitted by infection.

melanocytes

Definition:Cells that produce the dark skin pigment called melanin.

Tan

Definition:Change in pigmentation of skin caused by exposure to the sun or ultraviolet light.

Physical properties

Definition:Characteristics that can be determined without a chemical reaction and that do not cause a chemical change in the substance.

Chemical properties

Definition:Characteristics that can only be determined by a chemical reaction and a chemical change in the substance.

Secondary skin lesions

Definition:Characterized by piles of material on the skin surface, such as a crust or scab, or depressions in the skin surface, such as an ulcer.

Antiseptics

Definition:Chemical germicide formulated for use on skin; registered and regulated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).

Disinfectants

Definition:Chemical products approved by the EPA designed to destroy most bacteria (excluding spores), fungi, and viruses on surfaces.

exothermic reactions

Definition:Chemical reactions that release a significant amount of heat.

Rosacea

Definition:Chronic condition that appears primarily on the cheeks and nose, and is characterized by flushing (redness), telangiectasis (distended or dilated surface blood vessels), and, in some cases, the formation of papules and pustules.

Lymph

Definition:Clear fluid that circulates in the lymph spaces (lymphatics) of the body. Lymph helps carry wastes and impurities away from the cells before it is routed back to the circulatory system.

stratum lucidum

Definition:Clear, transparent layer of the epidermis under the stratum corneum.

Cyst

Definition:Closed, abnormally developed sac that contains fluid, pus, semifluid, or morbid matter above or below the skin.

secretory coil

Definition:Coiled base of the sudoriferous (sweat) gland.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Definition:Common bacteria that can lead to a bacterial infection that appears as a green, yellow, or black discoloration on the nail bed.

Sodium hypochlorite

Definition:Common household bleach; an effective disinfectant for the salon.

Quaternary ammonium compounds

Definition:Commonly known as "quats"; are products made of quaternary ammonium cations and are designed for disinfection on nonporous surfaces. They are appropriate for use in non-critical (non-invasive) environments and are effective against most pathogens of concern in the salon environment.

alopecia universalis

Definition:Complete loss of body hair.

Grounding

Definition:Completes an electric circuit and carries the current safely away.

nail unit

Definition:Composed of several major parts of the fingernail including the nail plate, nail bed, matrix, cuticle, eponychium, hyponychium, specialized ligaments, and nail fold. Together, all of these parts form the nail unit.

nail disorder

Definition:Condition caused by an injury or disease of the nail unit.

Bruised nail beds

Definition:Condition in which a blood clot forms under the nail plate, causing a dark purplish spot. These discolorations are usually due to small injuries to the nail bed.

Medicated scalp lotion

Definition:Conditioner that promotes healing of the scalp.

Albinism

Definition:Congenital hypopigmentation, or absence of melanin pigment of the body, including the skin, hair, and eyes.

Galvanic current

Definition:Constant and direct current, having a positive and negative pole, that produces chemical changes when it passes through the tissues and fluids of the body.

Exposure incident

Definition:Contact with non-intact (broken) skin, blood, body fluid, or other potentially infectious material that is the result of the performance of an employee's duties.

Impetigo

Definition:Contagious bacterial skin infection characterized by weeping lesions; usually caused by a staphylococcus bacteria.

Waves

Definition:Create an S pattern and give texture and volume to the hair. Waves are a popular classic technique that can be applied on any texture and length, usually a surface enhancer.

full-stem curl

Definition:Curl placed completely off the base; allows for the greatest mobility.

no-stem curl

Definition:Curl placed directly on its base; produces a tight, firm, long-lasting curl and allows minimum mobility.

half-stem curl

Definition:Curl placed half off the base; permits medium movement and gives good control to the hair.

modalities

Definition:Currents used in electrical facial and scalp treatments.

concave profile

Definition:Curving inward; prominent forehead and chin, with other features receded inward.

convex profile

Definition:Curving outward; receding forehead and chin.

palm-to-palm

Definition:Cutting position in which the palms of both hands are facing each other.

Melanonychia

Definition:Darkening of the fingernails or toenails; may be seen as a black band within the nail plate, extending from the base to the free edge.

Hyperpigmentation

Definition:Darker than normal pigmentation, appearing as dark splotches.

Crust

Definition:Dead cells that form over a wound or blemish while it is healing; an accumulation of sebum and pus, sometimes mixed with epidermal material.

diagnosis

Definition:Determination of the nature of a disease from its symptoms and/or diagnostic tests. Federal regulations prohibit salon professionals from performing a diagnosis.

Parasitic disease

Definition:Disease caused by parasites, such as lice and mites.

infectious disease

Definition:Disease caused by pathogenic (harmful) microorganisms that enter the body. An infectious disease may be spread from one person to another person.

pathogenic disease

Definition:Disease produced by organisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites.

Bloodborne pathogens

Definition:Disease-causing microorganisms carried in the body by blood or body fluids, such as hepatitis and HIV.

wavelength

Definition:Distance between successive peaks of electromagnetic waves.

telangiectasis

Definition:Distended or dilated surface blood vessels.

Continuing Education

Definition:Education that is employment or license related; used to motivate, enrich, update skill sets, satisfy licensing requirements, or further your career.

layered haircut

Definition:Effect achieved by cutting the hair with elevation or overdirection; the hair is cut at higher elevations, usually 90 degrees or above, which removes weight.

active electrode

Definition:Electrode of an electrotherapy device that is used on the area to be treated.

graduation

Definition:Elevation that occurs when a section is lifted above 0 degrees.

Vitamin D

Definition:Enables the body to properly absorb and use calcium, the element needed for proper bone development and maintenance. Vitamin D also promotes rapid healing of the skin.

Pineal gland

Definition:Endocrine system gland that plays a major role in sexual development, sleep, and metabolism.

Balance

Definition:Establishing equal or appropriate proportions to create symmetry. In hairstyling, it is the relationship of height to width.

Hyperhidrosis

Definition:Excessive sweating, caused by heat or general body weakness.

Flexor

Definition:Extensor muscle of the wrist involved in flexing the wrist.

Motor nerve fibers

Definition:Fibers of the motor nerves that are distributed to the arrector pili muscles attached to hair follicles. Motor nerves carry impulses from the brain to the muscles.

Secretory nerve fibers

Definition:Fibers of the secretory nerve that are distributed to the sudoriferous glands and sebaceous glands. Secretory nerves, which are part of the autonomic nervous system (ANS), regulate the excretion of perspiration from the sweat glands and control the flow of sebum to the surface of the skin.

connective tissue

Definition:Fibrous tissue that binds together, protects, and supports the various parts of the body. Examples of connective tissue are bone, cartilage, ligaments, tendons, blood, lymph, and fat (see adipose tissue).

Orbicularis oris muscle

Definition:Flat band of muscle around the upper and lower lips that compresses, contracts, puckers, and wrinkles the lips.

Glamour waves

Definition:Flat-twist set is unraveled to make a loose, wavy texture on the entire head.

electric current

Definition:Flow of electricity along a conductor.

nail folds

Definition:Folds of normal skin that surround the natural nail plate.

skeletal system

Definition:Forming the physical foundation of the body, it composed of 206 bones that vary in size and shape and are connected by movable and immovable joints.

Bromhidrosis

Definition:Foul-smelling perspiration, usually noticeable in the armpits or on the feet, which is generally caused by bacteria.

Frontalis

Definition:Front (anterior) portion of the epicranius; muscle of the scalp that raises the eyebrows, draws the scalp forward, and causes wrinkles across the forehead.

Onychomycosis

Definition:Fungal infection of the natural nail plate.

nail groove

Definition:Furrow on each side of the nail.

Thyroid gland

Definition:Gland of the endocrine system that controls how quickly the body burns energy (metabolism), makes proteins, and how sensitive the body should be to other hormones.

Lymph nodes

Definition:Gland-like structures found inside lymphatic vessels; filter the lymphatic vessels and help fight infection.

stationary guideline

Definition:Guideline that does not move.

interior guideline

Definition:Guideline that is inside the haircut rather than on the perimeter.

weaving

Definition:Hair extensions on a weft are sewn or bonded onto a cornrow base to make a longer, fuller head of a natural-looking hair. There are several methods of weaving from bonding, fusion, braid sew attachment, threading, and tubing.

hair stream

Definition:Hair flowing in the same direction, resulting from follicles sloping in the same direction.

uniform layers

Definition:Hair is elevated to 90 degrees from the scalp and cut at the same length.

whorl

Definition:Hair that forms in a circular pattern on the crown of the head.

hairline

Definition:Hair that grows at the outermost perimeter along the face, around the ears, and on the neck.

textured hair

Definition:Hair with a tight coil pattern.

long-layered haircut

Definition:Haircut in which the hair is cut at a 90-degree elevation and then overdirected to maintain length and weight at the perimeter.

taper

Definition:Haircutting effect in which there is an even blend from very short at the hairline to longer lengths as you move up the head; to taper is to narrow progressively at one end.

Texturizing

Definition:Haircutting technique designed to remove excess bulk without shortening the length; changing the appearance or behavior of the hair through specific haircutting techniques using shears, thinning shears, or a razor.

Carving

Definition:Haircutting technique done by placing the still blade into the hair, resting it on the scalp, and then moving the shears through the hair while opening and partially closing the shears.

Free-hand notching

Definition:Haircutting technique in which pieces of hair are snipped out at random intervals.

Point cutting

Definition:Haircutting technique in which the tips of the shears are used to cut points into the ends of the hair.

Slicing

Definition:Haircutting technique that removes weight and adds movement through the lengths of the hair; the shears are not completely closed, and only the portion of the blades near the pivot is used.

Free-hand slicing at midshaft

Definition:Haircutting technique used to release weight from the subsection, allowing the hair to move more freely.

Beveling

Definition:Haircutting technique using diagonal lines by cutting hair ends with a slight increase or decrease in length.

Notching

Definition:Haircutting technique, a version of point cutting, in which the tips of the shears are moved toward the hair ends rather than into them; creates a chunkier effect.

updo

Definition:Hairstyle in which the hair is arranged up and off the shoulders.

half updo

Definition:Hairstyle where half of the hair is pulled back off the face and pinned at or below the crown.

natural hair styling

Definition:Hairstyling that uses no chemicals or dyes and does not alter the natural curl or coil pattern of the hair.

nail plate

Definition:Hardened keratin plate that sits on and covers the natural nail bed. It is the most visible and functional part of the natural nail unit.

pathogenic

Definition:Harmful microorganisms that can cause disease or infection in humans when they invade the body.

Nonpathogenic

Definition:Harmless microorganisms that may perform useful functions and are safe to come in contact with since they do not cause disease or harm.

lipophilic

Definition:Having an affinity for or an attraction to fat and oils (oil-loving).

splinter hemorrhage

Definition:Hemorrhage caused by trauma or injury to the nail bed that damages the capillaries and allow small amounts of blood flow.

Vitiligo

Definition:Hereditary condition that causes hypopigmented spots and splotches on the skin that often appear milky white.

Contrasting lines

Definition:Horizontal and vertical lines that meet at a 90-degree angle and create a hard edge.

occupational disease

Definition:Illness resulting from conditions associated with employment, such as prolonged and repeated overexposure to certain products or ingredients.

Pediculosis capitis

Definition:Infestation of the hair and scalp with head lice.

carbuncle

Definition:Inflammation of the subcutaneous tissue caused by staphylococci; similar to a furuncle but larger.

Dermatitis

Definition:Inflammatory condition of the skin.

Infrared light

Definition:Infrared light has longer wavelengths, penetrates more deeply, has less energy, and produces more heat than visible light; it makes up 60 percent of natural sunlight.

Ulna

Definition:Inner and larger bone in the forearm (lower arm); attached to the wrist and located on the side of the little finger.

interior

Definition:Inner or internal part.

medulla

Definition:Innermost layer of the hair that is composed of round cells; often absent in fine and naturally blond hair.

Asymmetrical balance

Definition:Is established when two imaginary halves of a hairstyle have an equal visual weight, but the two halves are positioned unevenly. Opposite sides of the hairstyle are different lengths or have a different volume. Asymmetry can be horizontal or diagonal.

Deltoid

Definition:Large, triangular muscle covering the shoulder joint that allows the arm to extend outward and to the side of the body.

Tibia

Definition:Larger of the two bones that form the leg below the knee. The tibia may be visualized as a bump on the big-toe side of the ankle.

Sciatic nerve

Definition:Largest and longest nerve in the body; it passes through the gluteal region into the thigh, where it branches into smaller nerves. Pain from injury or compression of the sciatic nerve can radiate throughout the abdomen and be sensed in the lower back, hip, or lower abdomen.

Primary lesions

Definition:Lesions that are a different color than the color of the skin, and/or lesions that are raised above the surface of the skin.

Onycholysis

Definition:Lifting of the nail plate from the nail bed without shedding, usually beginning at the free edge and continuing toward the lunula area.

Invisible light

Definition:Light at either end of the visible spectrum of light that is invisible to the naked eye.

ethmoid bone

Definition:Light, spongy bone between the eye sockets; forms part of the nasal cavities.

cicatrix

Definition:Lightly raised mark on the skin formed after an injury or lesion of the skin has healed.

part

Definition:Line dividing the hair at the scalp, separating one section of hair from another, creating subsections.

Curved lines

Definition:Lines moving in a circular or semi-circular direction; used to soften a design.

Horizontal lines

Definition:Lines parallel to the floor and relative to the horizon; create width in hair design.

Diagonal lines

Definition:Lines positioned between horizontal and vertical lines. They are often used to emphasize or minimize facial features.

Vertical lines

Definition:Lines that are straight up and down; create length and height in hair design.

Directional lines

Definition:Lines with a definite forward or backward movement.

Miscible

Definition:Liquids that are mutually soluble, meaning that they can be mixed together to form stable solutions.

Immiscible

Definition:Liquids that are not capable of being mixed together to form stable solutions.

eponychium

Definition:Living skin at the base of the natural nail plate that covers the matrix area.

Terminal hair

Definition:Long, coarse, pigmented hair found on the scalp, legs, arms, and bodies of males and females.

Proteins

Definition:Long, coiled complex polypeptides made of amino acids.

Mandible

Definition:Lower jawbone; largest and strongest bone of the face.

hair bulb

Definition:Lowest part of a hair strand; the thickened, club-shaped structure that forms the lower part of the hair root.

porous

Definition:Made or constructed of a material that has pores or openings. Porous items are absorbent.

common carotid arteries

Definition:Main arteries that supply blood to the head, face, and neck.

dermatology

Definition:Medical branch of science that deals with the study of skin and its nature, structure, functions, diseases, and treatment.

linking

Definition:Method of attaching hair extensions in which a hook is used to pick up a small amount of hair off a parting. A link is slid on close to the scalp with a special tool. Then an extension or special addition strand is inserted into the link.

spiral curl

Definition:Method of curling the hair by winding a strand around the rod.

Slide cutting

Definition:Method of cutting or layering the hair in which the fingers and shears glide along the edge of the hair to remove length.

cortex

Definition:Middle layer of the hair; a fibrous protein core formed by elongated cells containing melanin pigment.

elemental molecule

Definition:Molecule containing two or more atoms of the same element in definite (fixed) proportions.

stratum germinativum

Definition:More commonly called the basal cell layer; deepest, live layer of the epidermis that produces new epidermal skin cells and is responsible for growth.

Basal Cell Carcinoma

Definition:Most common and least severe type of skin cancer; often characterized by light or pearly nodules.

Malignant Melanoma

Definition:Most serious form of skin cancer; often characterized by black or dark brown patches on the skin that may appear uneven in texture, jagged, or raised.

Gastrocnemius

Definition:Muscle attached to the lower rear surface of the heel and pulls the foot down.

Triangularis muscle

Definition:Muscle extending alongside the chin that pulls down the corners of the mouth.

Corrugator muscle

Definition:Muscle located beneath the frontalis and orbicularis oculi muscles that draws the eyebrow down and wrinkles the forehead vertically.

Serratus anterior

Definition:Muscle of the chest that assists in breathing and in raising the arm.

Supinator

Definition:Muscle of the forearm that rotates the radius outward and the palm upward.

Risorius muscle

Definition:Muscle of the mouth that draws the corner of the mouth out and back, as in grinning.

Sternocleidomastoideus

Definition:Muscle of the neck that lowers and rotates the head.

Extensor digitorum longus

Definition:Muscle that bends the foot up and extends the toes.

Trapezius

Definition:Muscle that covers the back of the neck and upper and middle region of the back; rotates and controls swinging movements of the arm.

Procerus muscle

Definition:Muscle that covers the bridge of the nose, lowers the eyebrows, and causes wrinkles across the bridge of the nose.

Tibialis anterior

Definition:Muscle that covers the front of the shin; bends the foot upward and inward.

Peroneus longus

Definition:Muscle that covers the outer side of the calf; inverts the foot and turns it outward.

Mentalis muscle

Definition:Muscle that elevates the lower lip and raises and wrinkles the skin of the chin.

Extensor hallucis longus

Definition:Muscle that extends the big toe and flexes the foot.

Flexor digitorum brevis

Definition:Muscle that flexes the toes and helps maintain balance while walking and standing.

Abductor hallucis

Definition:Muscle that moves the big toe away from the other toes.

Flexor digiti minimi

Definition:Muscle that moves the little toe.

Soleus

Definition:Muscle that originates at the upper portion of the fibula and bends the foot down.

Peroneus brevis

Definition:Muscle that originates on the lower surface of the fibula. It bends the foot down and out.

Bicep

Definition:Muscle that produces the contour of the front and inner side of the upper arm; lifts the forearm and flexes the elbow.

Abductor digiti minimi

Definition:Muscle that separates the fingers and the toes.

Pronator

Definition:Muscle that turns the hand inward so that the palm faces downward.

Pectoralis major

Definition:Muscles of the chest that assist the swinging movements of the arm.

pectoralis minor

Definition:Muscles of the chest that assist the swinging movements of the arm.

Zygomaticus major muscles

Definition:Muscles on both sides of the face that extend from the zygomatic bone to the angle of the mouth. These muscles pull the mouth backward, upward, and outward, as when you are laughing or smiling.

Zygomaticus minor muscles

Definition:Muscles on both sides of the face that extend from the zygomatic bone to the upper lips. These muscles pull the upper lip backward, upward, and outward, as when you are smiling.

Abductors

Definition:Muscles that draw a body part, such as a finger, arm, or toe, away from the midline of the body or of an extremity.

Extensors

Definition:Muscles that straighten the wrist, hand, and fingers to form a straight line.

heart

Definition:Muscular, cone-shaped organ that keeps the blood moving within the circulatory system.

Discolored nails

Definition:Nails turn a variety of colors; may indicate surface staining, a systemic disorder, or poor blood circulation.

Blue fingernails

Definition:Named for the nail bed color; is usually caused by a lack of circulating oxygen in the red blood cells.

Malassezia

Definition:Naturally occurring fungus that is present on all human skin, but is responsible for dandruff when it grows out of control.

hydrophobic

Definition:Naturally resistant to being penetrated by moisture.

cathode

Definition:Negative electrode of an electrotherapy device; the cathode is usually black and is marked with an N or a minus (-) sign.

Polarity

Definition:Negative pole or positive pole of an electric current.

straight profile

Definition:Neither convex nor concave; considered the ideal.

Saphenous nerve

Definition:Nerve of the leg that supplies impulses to the skin of the inner side of the leg and foot.

Sural nerve

Definition:Nerve of the lower leg that supplies impulses to the skin on the outer side and back of the foot and leg.

Eggshell nails

Definition:Noticeably thin, white nail plates that are more flexible than normal and can curve over the free edge.

concentrator

Definition:Nozzle attachment of a blowdryer; directs the air stream to any section of the hair more intensely.

Blood

Definition:Nutritive fluid circulating through the circulatory system (heart and blood vessels) to supply oxygen and nutrients to cells and tissues and to remove carbon dioxide and waste from them.

Coil-out

Definition:Once hair is comb coiled into individual coils, then dried completely, they are uncoiled or neatly unraveled to create a fuller coily textured Afro style.

Posterior tibial artery

Definition:One of the popliteal arteries (the other is the anterior tibial artery) that supplies blood to the ankle and the back of the lower leg.

Anterior tibial artery

Definition:One of the popliteal arteries (the other is the posterior tibial artery) that supplies blood to the lower leg muscles and to the muscles and skin on the top of the foot and adjacent sides of the first and second toes. This artery continues to the foot where it becomes the dorsalis pedis artery.

Tarsal

Definition:One of three subdivisions of the foot. There are seven bones—talus, calcaneus, navicular, three cuneiform bones, and the cuboid. The other two subdivisions are the metatarsal and the phalanges.

Metatarsal

Definition:One of three subdivisions of the foot; long and slender bones, similar to the metacarpal bones of the hand. The other two subdivisions are the tarsal and phalanges.

Bacteria

Definition:One-celled microorganisms that have both plant and animal characteristics. Some are harmful; some are harmless.

Ulcer

Definition:Open lesion on the skin or mucous membrane of the body; accompanied by pus and loss of skin depth and possibly weeping fluids or pus.

Parasites

Definition:Organisms that grow, feed, and shelter on or in another organism (referred to as the host), while contributing nothing to the survival of that organism. Parasites must have a host to survive.

Glands

Definition:Organs that remove and release certain elements from the blood to convert them into new compounds.

papillary layer

Definition:Outer layer of the dermis, directly beneath the epidermis.

perimeter

Definition:Outer line of a hairstyle.

epidermis

Definition:Outermost and thinnest layer of the skin; it is made up of five layers: stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, and stratum germinativum.

hair cuticle

Definition:Outermost layer of hair; consisting of a single, overlapping layer of transparent, scale-like cells that look like shingles on a roof.

profile

Definition:Outline of the face, head, or figure seen in a side view.

brain

Definition:Part of the central nervous system contained in the cranium; it is the largest and most complex nerve tissue and controls sensation, muscles, activity of glands, and the power to think, sense, and feel.

free edge

Definition:Part of the nail plate that extends over the tip of the finger or toe.

Cross-checking

Definition:Parting the haircut in the opposite way from which you cut it in order to check for precision of line and shape.

dermatologist

Definition:Physician who specializes in diseases and disorders of the skin, hair, and nails.

Ridge curls

Definition:Pin curls placed immediately behind or below a ridge to form a wave.

Open-center curls

Definition:Pin curls that produce even, smooth waves and uniform curls.

Closed-center curls

Definition:Pin curls that produce waves that get smaller toward the ends.

Barrel curls

Definition:Pin curls with large center openings, fastened to the head in a standing position on a rectangular base.

Bulla

Definition:Plural: bullae. A large blister containing a watery fluid; similar to a vesicle, but larger.

open comedo

Definition:Plural: comedones (KAHM-uh-dohnz). Also known as blackhead; hair follicle filled with keratin and sebum.

closed comedo

Definition:Plural: comedones (KAHM-uh-dohnz). Also known as whitehead; a follicle impacted with dead cells and solidified sebum, appearing as a small white bump just under the skin surface. Closed comedones have an extremely small surface opening.

dermal papilla

Definition:Plural: dermal papillae. A small, cone-shaped elevation located at the base of the hair follicle that fits into the hair bulb.

Macule

Definition:Plural: maculae (MAK-yuh-ly). Flat spot or discoloration on the skin, such as a freckle or a red spot left after a pimple has healed.

Reference points

Definition:Points on the head that mark where the surface of the head changes or the behavior of the hair changes, such as ears, jawline, occipital bone, apex, and so on; used to establish design lines that are proportionate.

Four corners

Definition:Points on the head that signal a change in the shape of the head, from flat to round or vice versa.

spinal cord

Definition:Portion of the central nervous system that originates in the brain and extends down to the lower extremity of the trunk. It is protected by the spinal column.

nail bed

Definition:Portion of the living skin that supports the nail plate as it grows toward the free edge.

Half base

Definition:Position of a curl or a roller that sits halfway on its base and halfway behind the base, giving medium volume and movement.

anode

Definition:Positive electrode of an electrotherapy device; the anode is usually red and is marked with a P or a plus (+) sign.

Extrinsic factors

Definition:Primarily environmental factors that contribute to aging and the appearance of aging.

keratinization

Definition:Process by which newly formed cells in the hair bulb mature, fill with keratin, move upward, lose their nucleus, and die.

Cataphoresis

Definition:Process of fusing an acidic (positive) product into deeper tissues using galvanic current from the positive pole toward the negative pole.

Anaphoresis

Definition:Process of infusing an alkaline (negative) product into the tissues from the negative pole toward the positive pole.

Iontophoresis

Definition:Process of infusing water-soluble products into the skin with the use of electric current, such as the use of the positive and negative poles of a galvanic machine.

finger waving

Definition:Process of shaping and directing the hair into an S pattern through the use of the fingers, combs, and waving lotion.

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Definition:Product formulated to add moisture to dry hair or promote the retention of moisture.

nonstripping

Definition:Product that does not remove artificial color from the hair.

noncomedogenic

Definition:Product that has been designed and proven not to clog the follicles.

Scalp astringent lotion

Definition:Product used to remove oil accumulation from the scalp; used after a scalp treatment and before styling.

Scalp conditioner

Definition:Product, usually in a cream base, used to soften and improve the health of the scalp.

Elastin

Definition:Protein base similar to collagen that forms elastic tissue.

Eumelanin

Definition:Provides natural dark brown to black color to the hair and is the dark pigment predominant in black and brunette hair.

Streptococci

Definition:Pus-forming bacteria arranged in curved lines resembling a string of beads. They cause infections such as strep throat and blood poisoning.

Staphylococci

Definition:Pus-forming bacteria that grow in clusters like a bunch of grapes. They cause abscesses, pustules, and boils.

Soft water

Definition:Rainwater or chemically softened water that contains only small amounts of minerals and, therefore, allows soap and shampoo to lather freely.

pustule

Definition:Raised, inflamed papule with a white or yellow center containing pus in the top of the lesion referred to as the "head" of the pimple.

Combustion

Definition:Rapid oxidation of a substance accompanied by the production of heat and light.

allergy

Definition:Reaction due to extreme sensitivity to certain foods, chemicals, or other normally harmless substances.

Herpes simplex I

Definition:Recurring viral infection that often presents as a fever blister or cold sore.

Parallel lines

Definition:Repeating lines in a hairstyle; may be straight or curved.

Orbicularis oculi muscle

Definition:Ring muscle of the eye socket; enables you to close your eyes.

Pivoting

Definition:Rotates from a central point; also referred to as pie shape sections, used for layering and graduating.

rod

Definition:Round, solid prong of a thermal iron.

Cocci

Definition:Round-shaped bacteria that appear singly (alone) or in groups. The three types of cocci are staphylococci, streptococci, and diplococci.

Hormones

Definition:Secretions, such as insulin, adrenaline, and estrogen, that stimulate functional activity or other secretions in the body. Hormones influence the welfare of the entire body.

stem

Definition:Section of the pin curl between the base and first arc (turn) of the circle that gives the curl its direction and movement; the hair between the scalp and the first turn of the roller.

Median nerve

Definition:Sensory-motor nerve that is smaller than the ulnar and radial nerves and that, with its branches, supplies the arm and hand.

Ulnar nerve

Definition:Sensory-motor nerve that, with its branches, affects the little-finger side of the arm and palm of the hand.

Digital nerve

Definition:Sensory-motor nerve that, with its branches, supplies impulses to the fingers.

Radial nerve

Definition:Sensory-motor nerve that, with its branches, supplies the thumb side of the arm and back of the hand.

Pityriasis steatoides

Definition:Severe case of dandruff characterized by an accumulation of greasy or waxy scales mixed with sebum that stick to the scalp in crusts.

Pyogenic granuloma

Definition:Severe inflammation of the nail in which a lump of red tissue grows up from the nail bed to the nail plate.

Clarifying shampoo

Definition:Shampoo containing an active chelating agent that binds to metals (such as iron and copper) and removes them from the hair; contains an equalizing agent that enriches hair, helps retain moisture, and makes hair more manageable.

Medicated shampoo

Definition:Shampoo containing special chemicals or drugs that are very effective in reducing dandruff or relieving other scalp conditions.

Color-enhancing shampoo

Definition:Shampoo created by combining the surfactant base with basic color pigments that help to extend the vibrancy of the haircolor while adding hydration for hue intensity.

balancing shampoo

Definition:Shampoo designed to wash away excess oiliness while preventing the hair from drying out.

Strengthening shampoo

Definition:Shampoo that contains a variety of strengthening and nourishing ingredients and is designed to repair damaged and brittle hair.

Sulfate-free shampoo

Definition:Shampoo that does not contain harsh soap detergents. They are formulated with little to no alkaline soap base; manufactured as wetting agents to be compatible with hair and soft water sources, and generally are known to be sensitive to artificial hair color and to maintaining the natural oils in the hair.

pH-balanced shampoo

Definition:Shampoo that is balanced to the pH of skin and hair (4.5 to 5.5).

neutralizing shampoo

Definition:Shampoo used for chemically processed or relaxed hair that is designed to re-balance the pH level of the hair by neutralizing any alkali and unwanted residues in the hair; after a chemical interaction, it works to help return the hair to the average pH.

asymptomatic

Definition:Showing no symptoms or signs of infection.

fishtail braid

Definition:Simple two-strand braid in which hair is picked up from the sides and added to the strands as they are crossed over each other.

Fungi

Definition:Single-cell organisms that grow in irregular masses that include molds, mildews, and yeasts; can produce contagious diseases such as ringworm.

Bacilli

Definition:Singular: bacillus. Short, rod-shaped bacteria. They are the most common bacteria and produce diseases such as tetanus (lockjaw), typhoid fever, tuberculosis, and diphtheria.

dermal papillae

Definition:Singular: dermal papilla (DUR-mul puh-PIL-uh). Small, cone-shaped elevations at the base of the hair follicles that fit into the hair bulb.

Lentigines

Definition:Singular: lentigo. Technical term for freckles—small yellow-colored to brown-colored spots on skin exposed to sunlight and air.

Maxillae

Definition:Singular: maxilla. Bones of the upper jaw.

Phalanges

Definition:Singular: phalanx. Also known as digits; bones of the fingers or toes; one of the three subdivisions of the foot. The other two subdivisions are the tarsal and metatarsal.

skull

Definition:Skeleton of the head; divided into two parts: cranium and facial skeleton.

Seborrheic dermatitis

Definition:Skin condition caused by an inflammation of the sebaceous glands. It is often characterized by redness, dry or oily scaling, crusting, and/or itchiness.

Psoriasis

Definition:Skin disease characterized by red patches covered with silver-white scales; usually found on the scalp, elbows, knees, chest, and lower back. It is rarely found on the face.

Leukoderma

Definition:Skin disorder characterized by light, abnormal patches (hypopigmentation); caused by a burn, scar, inflammation, or congenital disease that destroys the pigment-producing cells.

Excoriation

Definition:Skin sore or abrasion produced by scratching or scraping.

Intrinsic factors

Definition:Skin-aging factors over which we have little control.

flagella

Definition:Slender, hair-like extensions used by bacilli and spirilla for locomotion (moving about). May also be referred to as cilia.

hyponychium

Definition:Slightly thickened layer of skin under the nail that lies between the fingertip and free edge of the natural nail plate.

graduated haircut

Definition:Slow or immediate buildup of weight; an effect or haircut that results from cutting the hair with tension, low to medium elevation, or overdirection.

Arterioles

Definition:Small arteries that deliver blood to capillaries.

Vesicle

Definition:Small blister or sac containing clear fluid, lying within or just beneath the epidermis.

tactile corpuscles

Definition:Small epidermal structures with nerve endings that are sensitive to touch and pressure.

Venules

Definition:Small vessels that connect the capillaries to the veins. They collect blood from the capillaries and drain it into veins.

Arrector pili muscles

Definition:Small, involuntary muscles in the base of the hair follicle that cause goose flesh, sometimes called goose bumps, and papillae.

Lacrimal bones

Definition:Small, thin bones located at the front inner wall of the orbits (eye sockets).

Radius

Definition:Smaller bone in the forearm (lower arm) on the same side as the thumb.

Fibula

Definition:Smaller of the two bones that form the leg below the knee. The fibula may be visualized as a bump on the little-toe side of the ankle.

subsections

Definition:Smaller sections within a larger section of hair, used to maintain control of the hair while cutting.

Koilonychia

Definition:Soft spoon nails with a concave shape that appear scooped out.

Beau's lines

Definition:Sometimes called furrows (FUR-ohs) or corrugations (kor-uh-GAY-shuns); visible depressions running across the width of the natural nail plate; usually a result of major illness or injury that has traumatized the body.

angle

Definition:Space between two lines or surfaces that intersect at a given point.

Conditioner

Definition:Special chemical agent applied to the hair to deposit protein or moisturizer to help restore hair strength, infuse moisture, give hair body, or to protect hair against possible breakage.

Silicones

Definition:Special type of oil used in hair conditioners, water-resistant lubricants for the skin, and nail polish dryers.

Diplococci

Definition:Spherical bacteria that grow in pairs and cause diseases such as pneumonia.

Spirilla

Definition:Spiral or corkscrew-shaped bacteria that cause diseases such as syphilis and Lyme disease.

helix

Definition:Spiral shape of a coiled protein created by polypeptide chains that intertwine with each other.

Onychorrhexis

Definition:Split or brittle nails that have a series of lengthwise ridges giving a rough appearance to the surface of the nail plate.

base

Definition:Stationary, or non-moving, foundation of a pin curl (the area closest to the scalp); the panel of hair on which a roller is placed.

disulfide bond

Definition:Strong chemical side bond that joins the sulfur atoms of two neighboring cysteine amino acids to create one cystine, which joins together two polypeptide strands like rungs on a ladder.

Organs

Definition:Structures composed of specialized tissues designed to perform specific functions in plants and animals.

straightening gel

Definition:Styling product applied to damp hair that is wavy, curly, or extremely curly and then blown dry; relaxes the hair for a smooth, straight look.

volumizers

Definition:Styling products that add volume, especially at the base, when wet hair is blown dry.

electrons

Definition:Subatomic particles with a negative charge.

protons

Definition:Subatomic particles with a positive charge.

humectants

Definition:Substances that absorb moisture or promote the retention of moisture.

Catalysts

Definition:Substances that speed up chemical reactions.

Vitamin A

Definition:Supports the overall health of the skin; aids in the health, function, and repair of skin cells; has been shown to improve the skin's elasticity and thickness.

Glycerin

Definition:Sweet, colorless, oily substance used as a solvent and as a moisturizer in skin and body creams.

circuit breaker

Definition:Switch that automatically interrupts or shuts off an electric circuit at the first indication of overload.

Folliculitis barbae

Definition:Synonym tinea barbae (TIN-ee-uh BAR-bee). Also known as barbers itch, inflammation of the hair follicles caused by a bacterial infection from ingrown hairs. The cause is typically from ingrown hairs due to shaving or other epilation methods.

Fragilitas crinium

Definition:Technical term for brittle hair.

Pityriasis capitis simplex

Definition:Technical term for classic dandruff; characterized by scalp irritation, large flakes, and itchy scalp.

Pityriasis

Definition:Technical term for dandruff; characterized by excessive production and accumulation of skin cells.

Canities

Definition:Technical term for gray hair; results from the loss of the hair's natural melanin pigment.

Trichorrhexis nodosa

Definition:Technical term for knotted hair; it is characterized by brittleness and the formation of nodular swellings along the hair shaft.

Tinea

Definition:Technical term for ringworm—a contagious condition caused by fungal infection and not a parasite; characterized by itching, scales, and, sometimes, painful lesions.

Trichoptilosis

Definition:Technical term for split ends.

Blowdry styling

Definition:Technique of drying and styling damp hair in a single operation.

ribboning

Definition:Technique of forcing the hair between the thumb and the back of the comb to create tension.

double press

Definition:Technique of passing a hot curling iron through the hair before performing a hard press.

Soft press

Definition:Technique of pressing the hair to remove 50 to 60 percent of the curl by applying the thermal pressing comb once on each side of the hair.

Hard press

Definition:Technique that removes 100 percent of the curl by applying the pressing comb twice on each side of the hair.

Medium press

Definition:Technique that removes 60 to 75 percent of the curl by applying a thermal pressing comb once on each side of the hair, using slightly more pressure than in the soft press.

Postpartum alopecia

Definition:Temporary hair loss experienced towards the end and after the pregnancy.

Epicranial aponeurosis

Definition:Tendon that connects the occipitalis and frontalis muscles.

textured set and styles

Definition:Textured sets elongate the natural frizzy hair and make a smooth-silky curl, wavy or zig-zag pattern when the hair is set wet or dry on natural curly or coily hair textures.

Razor-over-comb

Definition:Texturizing technique in which the comb and the razor are used on the surface of the hair.

immunity

Definition:The ability of the body to destroy and resist infection. Immunity against disease can be either natural or acquired, and is a sign of good health.

Space

Definition:The area surrounding the form or the area the hairstyle occupies.

endocrine system

Definition:The body system consisting of a group of specialized glands that affect the growth, development, sexual functions, and health of the entire body.

lymphatic/immune system

Definition:The body system that consists of lymph, lymph nodes, the thymus gland, the spleen, and lymph vessels. It carries waste and impurities away from the cells and protects the body from disease by developing immunities and destroying disease-causing microorganisms.

integumentary system

Definition:The body system that consists of skin and its accessory organs, such as the oil and sweat glands, sensory receptors, hair, and nails; it serves as a protective covering and helps regulate the body's temperature.

muscular system

Definition:The body system that covers, shapes, and holds the skeletal system in place; the muscular system contracts and moves various parts of the body.

reproductive system

Definition:The body system that includes the ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, and vagina in the female and the testes, prostate gland, penis, and urethra in the male. This system performs the function of producing offspring and passing on the genetic code from one generation to another.

lanthionine bonds

Definition:The bonds created when disulfide bonds are broken by hydroxide chemical hair relaxers after the relaxer is rinsed from the hair.

Frontal bone

Definition:The bone that forms the forehead.

catagen phase

Definition:The brief transition period between the growth and resting phases of a hair follicle. It signals the end of the growth phase.

shell

Definition:The clamp that presses the hair against the barrel or rod of a thermal iron.

Wave pattern

Definition:The coil configuration, of textured hair.

Proportion

Definition:The comparative relationship of one thing to another; the harmonious relationship among parts or things.

barrier function

Definition:The complex of lipids between the cells that keep the skin moist by preventing water evaporation, and to guard against irritants penetrating the skin surface.

Harmony

Definition:The creation of unity in a design; the most important of the art principles. Holds all the elements of the design together.

binary fission

Definition:The division of bacteria cells into two new cells called daughter cells.

COHNS elements

Definition:The five elements—carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and sulfur—that make up human hair, skin, tissue, and nails.

PonyTail

Definition:The foundation for a chignon, bun, and knot, and can be worn classic or trendy; can be placed on various parts of the head and is the most commonly used hairstyle because of its versatility.

facial skeleton

Definition:The framework of the face; composed of 14 bones.

Bantu knot

Definition:The hair is double-strand twisted or coil twisted and wrapped around itself to make a knot. Knots are secured by bobby pins or elastic bands.

Retention hyperkeratosis

Definition:The hereditary tendency for acne-prone skin to retain dead cells in the follicle, forming an obstruction that clogs follicles and exacerbates inflammatory acne lesions such as papules and pustules.

Occipital bone

Definition:The hindmost bone of the skull, below the parietal bones; forms the back of the skull above the nape.

Belly

Definition:The middle part of the muscle.

Pituitary gland

Definition:The most complex organ of the endocrine system. This gland affects almost every physiologic process of the body: growth, blood pressure, contractions during childbirth, breast-milk production, sexual organ functions in both women and men, thyroid gland function, and the conversion of food into energy (metabolism).

Insertion

Definition:The movable part of the muscle that is farthest from the skeleton.

Electricity

Definition:The movement of electrons from one atom to another along a conductor.

Hair density

Definition:The number of individual hair strands on 1 square inch (2.5 square centimeters) of scalp.

visible spectrum of light

Definition:The part of the electromagnetic spectrum that can be seen. Visible light makes up only 35 percent of natural sunlight.

Origin

Definition:The part of the muscle that does not move; attached closest to the skeleton.

circle

Definition:The part of the pin curl that forms a complete circle; also, the hair that is wrapped around the roller.

complete electric circuit

Definition:The path of negative and positive electric currents moving from the generating source through the conductors and back to the generating source.

Indentation

Definition:The point where curls of opposite directions meet, forming a recessed area.

hair shaft

Definition:The portion of hair that projects above the epidermis.

Off base

Definition:The position of a curl or a roller completely off its base for maximum mobility and minimum volume.

contamination

Definition:The presence, or the reasonably anticipated presence, of blood or other potentially infectious materials on an item's surface or visible debris or residues such as dust, hair, and skin.

Sterilization

Definition:The process that completely destroys all microbial life, including spores.

Cytoplasm

Definition:The protoplasm of a cell; the watery fluid that surrounds the nucleus of the cell and is needed for growth, reproduction, and self-repair.

Decontamination

Definition:The removal of blood and all other potentially infectious materials on an item's surface, and the removal of visible debris or residue such as dust, hair, and skin.

Onychomadesis

Definition:The separation and falling off of a nail plate from the nail bed; affects fingernails and toenails.

Ionization

Definition:The separation of an atom or molecule into positive and negative ions.

Cervical vertebrae

Definition:The seven bones of the top part of the vertebral column, located in the neck region.

wave pattern

Definition:The shape of the hair strands; described as straight, wavy, curly, and extremely curly.

arrector pili muscle

Definition:The small, involuntary muscle in the base of the hair follicle.

atom

Definition:The smallest chemical components (often called particles) of an element; structures that make up the element and have the same properties of the element.

stratum spinosum

Definition:The spiny layer just above the stratum germinativum layer.

Anatomy

Definition:The study of human body structures that can be seen with the naked eye and how the body parts are organized; the science of the structure of organisms or of their parts.

Pulmonary circulation

Definition:The system that takes deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs for oxygenation and waste removal and then returns that blood to the heart (left atrium) so oxygen-rich blood can be delivered to the body.

adipose tissue

Definition:The technical term for fat; it gives smoothness and contour to the body.

states of matter

Definition:The three different physical forms of matter: solid, liquid, and gas.

Melanin

Definition:The tiny grains of pigment in the cortex that give natural color to the hair.

epidermal-dermal junction

Definition:The top of the papillary layer where it joins the epidermis.

hair follicle

Definition:The tube-like depression or pocket in the skin or scalp that contains the hair root.

Mitosis

Definition:The usual process of cell reproduction of human tissues that occurs when the cell divides into two identical cells called daughter cells.

Off-base curls

Definition:Thermal curls placed completely off their base, offering only slight lift or volume.

Half-base curls

Definition:Thermal curls placed half off their base; strong curls with moderate lift or volume.

Volume-base curls

Definition:Thermal curls placed very high on their base; provide maximum lift or volume.

Full-base curls

Definition:Thermal curls that sit in the center of their base; strong curls with full volume.

sweat glands

Definition:They excrete perspiration and detoxify the body by excreting excess salt and unwanted chemicals.

Keloid

Definition:Thick scar resulting from excessive growth of fibrous tissue.

Onychauxis

Definition:Thickening of nails.

callus

Definition:Thickening of the skin caused by continued, repeated pressure on any part of the skin, especially the hands and feet.

Levator palpebrae superioris muscle

Definition:Thin muscle that controls the movement of the eyelid.

line

Definition:Thin, continuous mark used as a guide; can be straight or curved, horizontal, vertical, or diagonal.

Buccinator muscle

Definition:Thin, flat muscle of the cheek between the upper and lower jaw that compresses the cheeks and expels air between the lips.

Veins

Definition:Thin-walled blood vessels that are less elastic than arteries; veins contain cup-like valves that keep blood flowing in one direction to the heart and prevent blood from flowing backward.

Spiral rod sets

Definition:This set can be done with rods, flexi-rods, or curl reformers of all sizes. Hair is wrapped around a vertical rod, moving up the rod in a spiral movement.

Braid-out set

Definition:This style involves braiding the hair when either wet or dry and then opening the braid to create a crimped texture-on-texture effect with added volume.

visible braid

Definition:Three-strand braid that is created using an underhand technique.

melanin

Definition:Tiny grains of pigment (coloring matter) that are produced by melanocytes and deposited into cells in the stratum germinativum layer of the epidermis and in the papillary layers of the dermis. There are two types of melanin: pheomelanin, which is red to yellow in color, and eumelanin, which is dark brown to black.

Capillaries

Definition:Tiny, thin-walled blood vessels that connect the smaller arteries to the venules. Capillaries bring nutrients to the cells and carry away waste materials.

nerve tissue

Definition:Tissue that carries messages to and from the brain and controls and coordinates all bodily functions.

muscle tissue

Definition:Tissue that contracts and moves various parts of the body.

section

Definition:To divide the hair by parting into uniform working areas for control. During haircutting, the working areas of the hair. Working in smaller sections gives better control.

sections

Definition:To divide the hair by parting into uniform working areas for control. During haircutting, the working areas of the hair. Working in smaller sections gives better control.

alopecia totalis

Definition:Total loss of scalp hair.

ligament

Definition:Tough band of fibrous tissue that connects bones or holds an organ in place.

indirect transmission

Definition:Transmission of blood or body fluids through contact with an intermediate contaminated object such as a razor, extractor, nipper, or an environmental surface.

direct transmission

Definition:Transmission of blood or body fluids through touching (including shaking hands), kissing, coughing, sneezing, and talking.

blood vessels

Definition:Tube-like structures that include arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins.

cowlick

Definition:Tuft of hair that stands straight up.

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Definition:Type of skin cancer more serious than basal cell carcinoma; often characterized by scaly red papules or nodules.

Hyoid bone

Definition:U-shaped bone at the base of the tongue that supports the tongue and its muscles.

amino acids

Definition:Units that are joined together end-to-end like pop beads by strong, chemical peptide bonds (end bonds) to form the polypeptide chains that comprise proteins.

free radicals

Definition:Unstable molecules that cause biochemical aging, especially wrinkling and sagging of the skin.

Suspensions

Definition:Unstable physical mixtures of undissolved particles in a liquid.

Humerus

Definition:Uppermost and largest bone in the arm, extending from the elbow to the shoulder.

Steamer

Definition:Used to deeply hydrate, moisturize, and condition the hair with water vapor; infuses water hydration, opening the cuticle layer of the hair shaft and enabling nourishing protein conditioners and botanical oils to penetrate deeply into the cortex layer.

End curls

Definition:Used to give a finished appearance to hair ends either turned under or over.

Transitional lines

Definition:Usually curved lines that are used to blend and soften horizontal or vertical lines.

Ringed hair

Definition:Variety of canities characterized by alternating bands of gray and pigmented hair throughout the length of the hair strand.

Toxins

Definition:Various poisonous substances produced by some microorganisms (bacteria and viruses).

external jugular vein

Definition:Vein located at the side of the neck that carries blood returning to the heart from the head, face, and neck.

internal jugular vein

Definition:Vein located at the side of the neck to collect blood from the brain and parts of the face and neck.

Ridges

Definition:Vertical lines running through the length of the natural nail plate that are caused by uneven growth of the nails, usually the result of normal aging.

lunula

Definition:Visible part of the matrix that extends from underneath the living skin; it is the whitish, half-moon shape at the base of the nail.

weight line

Definition:Visual line in the haircut where the ends of the hair hang together.

Hard water

Definition:Water that contains minerals that reduce the ability of soap or shampoo to lather.

nail malformation

Definition:When the nail is abnormal in shape or form.

Parietal ridge

Definition:Widest area of the head, usually starting at the temples and ending at the bottom of the crown.

Nail forms

Depending on manufacturer recommendations clear plastic_______ are sometimes used to allow UV and LED radiation to penetrate from the outside for more complete curing of the free edge

3-D nail art

Describes any art that protrudes from the nail.

The third step of the 10-step client consultation method is: _______________________________________________

Determine and rate the client's preferences

Liquid foundation is primarily water but often contains an emollient such as an oil or a silicone such as:

Dimethicone

What product adds cross-links to the natural nail plate?

Dimethyl urea hardener

The ninth step of the 10-step client consultation method is: ____________________________________________________________________________

Discuss upkeep and maintenance

Hospital disinfectants

Disinfectants that are effective for cleaning blood and body fluids.

side bonds

Disulfide, salt, and hydrogen bonds that cross-link polypeptide chains together.

During the Renaissance women would shave their _ to show greater intelligence

Eyebrows

Used to make artificial eyelashes adhere, or stick to the natural lash line:

Eyelash adhesive

A cosmetic used to define the eyes and make the lash line appear fuller:

Eyeliner

During the Middle Ages women used makeup on their cheeks and lips but not on their

Eyes

The only set rules for I make up colors are that the chosen colors should enhance the clients ________.

Eyes

Cosmetics used to accentuate the eye shape and complement eye color:

Eyeshadows

modelage masks

Facial masks containing special crystals of gypsum, a plaster-like ingredient.

fulling

Form of petrissage in which the tissue is grasped, gently lifted, and spread out; used mainly for massaging the arms.

Putting others first

Francesca is looking forward to a long weekend. Before she leaves work, her manager asked her if she can do work on both Friday and Saturday because another cosmetologist has a family emergency. She agrees to do so. Francesca's reaction is best described as what?

Hair Extensions

Hair additions that are secured to the base of the client's natural hair in order to add length, volume, texture, or color.

spiral perm wrap

Hair is wrapped at an angle other than perpendicular to the length of the rod, which causes the hair to spiral along the length of the rod, similar to the stripes on a candy canes. M: instead of a S wave it gives you a spiral curl

chemical texture services

Hair service that cause a chemical change that alters the natural wave pattern of the hair M: from current hair texture to new texture

Fallen hair

Hair that has been shed from the head or gathered from a hairbrush, as opposed to hair that has been cut; the cuticles of the strands will move in different directions.

Integration hairpiece

Hairpiece that has openings in the base through which the client's own hair is pulled to blend with the hair (natural or synthetic) of the hairpiece.

African civilizations

Hairstyles were used as a symbol of tribal traditions, and conveyed message of age, marital status, power and rank.

Block

Head-shaped form, usually made of canvas-covered cork or styrofoam, on which the wig is secured for fitting, cleaning, coloring, and styling.

In 1932 chemists generates an alternative to the machine perm using

Heat generated by chemical reactions (perm wraps)

Produced when a product that is lighter than the clients skin tone is placed on the high planes of the face:

Highlight

During the Victorian age women used beauty masks made of:

Honey, eggs, milk, oatmeal, fruits, vegetables

Malpractice

If you operate your salon in a building you own, you need liability, ___ and burglary insurance.

Professional Image

Impression projected by a person engaged in any profession, consisting of outward appearance and conduct exhibited in the workplace.

The 20th century signaled the spread of _

Industrialization

Demographics

Information about a specific population, including age and income is ____.

Soft sell

Informing clients about a product, without stressing that they purchase it, is known as what?

metal hydroxide relaxers

Ionic compounds formed by a metal (sodium, potassium, or lithium) which is combined with oxygen and hydrogen. M: reacts to a metal

Scheduling the next appointment while the client is still in the salon

Jasmine wants to make sure she read books clients as much as possible. Which approach would be best?

Being punctual

Katrina is not simply on time for her shift. She is usually early and is well prepared for her first client of the day. Katrina's behavior is best described as what?

Greek women applied _ to their eyes

Kohl

_____________ contains an active drug ingredient called bimatoprost.

Latisse

In 1932 who introduced the first permanent hair color product?

Lawrence gelb

Generally applied before the lip color to define the shape of the lips and keep color from bleeding:

Lip liner

_____________ foundation is often applied to the skin in small dots across the face and then quickly blended with a sponge or foundation brush.

Liquid

alipidic

Literally means "lack of lipids"; describes skin that does not produce enough sebum, indicated by absence of visible pores.

rolling

Massage movement in which the tissues are pressed and twisted using a fast back-and-forth movement.

Microdermabrasion

Mechanical exfoliation that involves shooting aluminum oxide or other crystals at the skin with a hand-held device that exfoliates dead cells.

Recognize the entry level jobs often involve performing tasks that might not be her first choice

Mika just started a new job and give shampoos, restocks stations and works the front desk. She is rarely involved with the new were types of styling that she enjoys most. How should she respond?

Term that is most commonly used to describe a highly pigmented powder foundation:

Mineral foundation

Up until the 19th century many barbers also performed ______

Minor surgeries and practiced dentistry

Salary

Mischa gets paid $15 an hour. If she works 40 hours in a week, she is paying $600 before withholding. Her pay plan is known as what?

Captial

Money to invest in a business is called ____.

pointed nail

Nail shape suited to thin hands with long fingers and narrow nail beds. The nail is tapered and longer than usual to emphasize and enhance the slender appearance of the hand.

Many

Nail tips are available in _____ sizes, colors, and shapes, making it easy to fit each client with precisely the right size and shape.

Gently slid off

Nail tips are softened with acetone or tip remover and _____.

Not long-wearing and can break easier

Nail tips that do not have the reinforcement provided by the overlay are _____.

Every 2 weeks

Nail wraps are rebalanced with additional resin _____.

Acetone

Nail wraps are removed by immersing the entire enhancement in a small glass bowl filled with _____.

essential oils

Oils extracted using various forms of distillation from the seeds, bark, roots, leaves, wood, and/or resin of plants.

Allergies and sensitivities

One purpose of the client consultation in a hair removal service is for the client to disclose

Investment

One reason for entering into a partnership is to have more captial for ____.

thio-free waves

Perm that uses an ingredient other than ATG as the primary reducing agent, such as cysteamine or mercaptamine.

bookend wrap

Perm wrap in which one end paper is folded in half over the hair ends like an envelope. M: fold end paper over hair

double flat wrap

Perm wrap in which one end paper is placed under and another is placed over the strand of hair being wrapped. M: 2 end papers

bricklay permanent wrap

Perm wrap similar to actual technique by bricklaying; base sections are offset from each other row by row, to prevent noticeable splits and to blend the flow of the hair. M: brick wall

laser hair removal

Permanent hair removal treatment in which a laser beam is pulsed on the skin, impairing the hair growth.

croquignole perm wrap

Perms in which the hair strands are wrapped from the ends to the scalp in overlapping concentric layers. M: from tip of shaft to end of shaft wraped

ammonia-free waves

Perms that use an ingredient that does not evaporate as readily as ammonia, so there is a very little odor is associated with their use.

low-pH waves

Perms that use sulfates, sulfites, and bisulfites as an alternative to ammonium thioglycolate. M: creates loose permed waves

Ancient Egyptians used cosmetics four

Personal beautification religious ceremonies and burial ceremonies

base control

Position of the tool in relation to its base section, determined by the angle at which the hair is wrapped.

Practice of cosmetology means:

Providing services to, the hair, face, neck, or scalp of a human being. Including: shaving, trimming, and cutting hair or beard. Application of antiseptics, powders, oils, classy, lotions, or applying tonics to the hair, head, or scalp.

procrastination

Putting off until tomorrow what you can do today.

This eye shape can be lengthened by extending the shadow beyond the outer corners of the eye.

Round eyes

croquignole perm wrap

Shorter hair was wound from the ends toward the scalp. Styled in deep waves with loose curls

The sixth step of the 10-step consultation method is: ______________________________________________________________________________.

Show and tell

inactive electrode

Showing card 28 of 4628 of 46 | Hide Card | Flip Card Term:Anaphoresis

epilator

Substance used to remove hair by pulling it out of the follicle

depilatory

Substance, usually a caustic alkali preparation, used for the temporary removal of superfluous hair by dissolving it at the skin surface level.

Work ethic

Taking pride in your work and committing yourself to consistently doing a good job for your clients, employer, and salon team.

sugaring

Temporary hair removal method that involves the use of a thick, sugar-based paste.

Executive

The ____ summary is the part of the business plan that summarizes your plan and states your objectives.

Nail wrap material

The _____ is the heart of a nail wrap system and gives this system its unique properties.

Position stop

The _____ is the point where the free edge of the natural nail meets the tip, and where the tip is adhered to the nail.

scope of practice

The list of services that you are legally allowed to perform in your specialty in your state.

In 1917 Sarah Breedlove organized

The madam c j Walker hair culturists union of America

One

The minimum number of stockholders allowed for a corporation to exist is ____.

Corporation

The three types of salon ownership are individual ownership, partnerships, and ____.

The ideal eyebrow is positioned along _________ lines.

Three

cure

To harden.

prioritize

To make a list of tasks that need to be done in the order of most-to-least important.

A 6" x 4" plastic sheet

To press fabric wraps onto the natural nail plate and avoid the transfer of dust or oil, use _____.

4 inches

To use a linking method of attachment, the natural hair should be at least how long?

soft bender rods

Tool about 12 inches long with a uniform diameter along the entire length. M: rods that require no elastic

Inhibition layer

UV or LED gels cure with a tacky surface called a(n)?

nail primer

Used on the natural nail prior to product application to assist in adhesion; used to chemically bond the enhancement product to the natural nail.

What era was considered the most Aussie air and restricted and cosmetology history

Victorian

wringing

Vigorous movement in which the hands, placed a little distance apart on both sides of the client's arm or leg and working downward, apply a twisting motion against the bones in the opposite direction.

Range from yellow and gold to orange, red orange, most red's, and even some yellow- greens

Warm colors

Liquid foundation is primarily:

Water

hydrogen bonds

Weak physical side bonds that are also the result of an attraction between opposite electrical charges; they are easily broken by water (wet setting) or heat (thermal styling), and they re-form as the hair dries or cools.

With the hair growth

What direction should the brow hairs be pulled when tweezing the eyebrows?

Find a role model

What is one of the best ways to improve your performance?

Five years

When opening a salon, your business plan should include income and expenses for up to ___ ___.

Look realistic

When performing a haircutting procedure on a wig, the goal generally is to make the wig _______.

Location

When planning to open a salon, one of the most important considerations is ___.

Accountant

When preparing your business plan, it is helpful to consult an ___ to prepare your financial documents.

use the wind test to gauge how realistic it looks

When styling a wig, it is recommended that you __________.

French manicure

When the nail bed is one color, such as pink, peach, or beige (depending upon the client's skin tone), and the free edge of the nail is another color, such as white.

Low

When using heat on human hair, you should set the styling tool on _____.

on the inner wrist

When using hot wax, test the temperature by applying a small drop of wax

Temperature

When waxing, always test the ________________ of the heated wax before applying it to the clients skin.

eyes

When waxing, take care to ensure that the wax does not come in contact with the ______________________

Tip-cutter

Which implement is similar to a nail clipper that is used on nail tips?

Silk wraps

Which material is thin and tightly woven, and becomes transparent when wrap resin is applied?

Machine-made

Which method of construction is typically least expensive?

Linen wraps

Which nail wrap is made from a closely woven, heavy material and is considered to be the strongest nail wrap fabric?

Fiberglass wraps

Which nail wrap is made from a very thin synthetic mesh with a loose weave and is easy to use?

Nail tips

Which product is made of plastic, pre-molded nails shaped from a tough polymer of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene plastic?

Bonding gels

Which substance are used to increase adhesion to the natural nail plate similar to a monomer liquid and polymer powder primer

building gels

Which substance include any thick-viscosity resin that allows the cosmetologist to build an arch and curve into the fingernail

Gel polish

Which substance is a thin-viscosity gel that is usually pigmented and packaged in a pot or a polish bottle and used as an alternative to traditional nail lacquer

UV light

Which term describes wavelength of electromagnetic radiation that occur beyond the visible spectrum of light

The salon business usually _____ receptions much better than other industries

With stands

weave technique

Wrapping technique that uses zigzag partings to divide base areas.

resume

Written summary of a person's education and work experience.

What is a biggest area of concern when preparing for a job interview?

Your wardrobe and overall appearance

steamer

a facial machine that heats and produces a stream of warm steam that can be focused on the clients face or other areas of the skin

complementary colors

a primary and secondary color positioned directly opposite each other on the color wheel

Sarah Breedlove suffered from:

a scalp condition that caused her to lose her hair and experiment with home remedies.

Spray on brush cleaners can be used to quickly clean brushes, they contain a high level of _____________ and are not recommended for daily use.

alcohol

developers

also known as oxidizing agents or catalysts; when mixed with an oxidation hair color, supplies the necessary oxygen gas to develop color molecules and create change in hair color

bailage

also known as the free form technique; painting a lightener (usually a powdered off-the-scalp lightener) directly onto clean, styled hair

special effects haircoloring

any technique that involves partial highlights and coloring

successful learning tools

attend all classes, arrive for class early, hall all necessary materials ready, listen attentively to your instructor, take notes, pay close attention during sessions, if something isn't clear ask for clarification/assistance.

Once polish has been applied, wipe away excess polish with a cotton tipped wooden pusher dipped in _____________.

away from you on the inside of the lip of the bottle

A _________ color is generally a medium shade that is close to the client skin tone.

base

Receptivity

be interested in other people. and responsive to their opinions. feelings, and ideas. Receptivity involves taking the time to really listen to others. Also, be open-minded and willing to work with all personality types.

If you are involved with a scheduling mix-up, always remember to _______________________________________________________.

be polite and never argue about who is correct

Use Deodorant

before going to work

When should the client consultation be performed?

before starting the actual service

Sensitivity

being sensitive means being compassionate and responsive to other people.

A practical step for effectively communicating in the workplace is to _____________________________________.

believe in yourself

What is considered to be the most luxurious method of applying paraffin?

cheesecloth

lighteners

chemical compounds that lighten hair by dispersing, dissolving, and decolorizing the natural hair pigment

The most important communication you will have with your clients is a _____________, which will help you to determine the client's needs and achieve the desired results.

client consultation

secondary color

color obtained by mixing equal parts of two primary colors

The primary difference between a regular basic manicure for a female and a man's manicure is the ________________.

colored polish

highlighting

coloring some of the hair strands lighter than the natural color of the hair to add a variety of lighter shades and the illusion of depth

slicing

coloring technique that involves taking a narrow 1/8 inch of a section of hair by making a straight part at the scalp, positioning the hair over the foil, and applying lightener.

weaving

coloring technique with highlights

highlighting shampoo

colors prepared by combining permanent haircolor, hydrogen peroxide, and shampoo

soap cap

combination of equal parts of a prepared permanent color mixture and shampoo used the last five minutes and worked through the hair to refresh the ends

mixed melanin

combination of natural hair color that contains both pheomelanin and eumelanin

haircolor glaze

common way to describe a haircolor service that adds shine and color to the hair

------------- is effectively the basis of all long-lasting relationships with clients and coworkers.

communcation

Your reactions to situations beyond your control and your ability to _________________________ in the face of challenges are critical to being successful in a people profession.

communicate effectively

aniline derivatives

contain small, uncolored dyes that combine with hydrogen peroxide to form larger, permanent dye molecules within the coretex

If the red is blue based it is:

cool

If a client requests a specific cut or color that she has seen on a celebrity that cannot be achieved, you should _________________________________________________.

create a plan, offer alternative looks and set future goals

Catalyst are added to monomer liquid, and are used to control:

curing time

Mascara brushes can be straight or:

curved

One of the basics of personal hygiene is?

daily bathing

What is the condition in which the skin may appear flaky or dry looking, indicating a lack of moisture in the skin?

dehydrated

The foundation color that seems to _______________ is the right choice.

disappear

discretion

do not share your personal issues with clients.

The act of successfully sharing information between two people so the information is understood id called _____________________________.

effective communication

prelightening

first step to a double process haircoloring, used to lift or lighten the natural pigment of the hair before the application of a toner

Large abrasive file used to smooth and reduce thicker areas of callus:

foot file

What types of toners are usually stronger, often with higher alcohol content, and are used to treat oilier skin types?

fresheners and astringents

What can be used to hold in place certain mask ingredients that tend to run?

gauze

For ruddy skin, apply a _________ color corrector or color correcting primer to affected areas, blending carefully.

green

resistant

hair type that is difficult for moisture or chemicals to penetrate and thus requires a longer processing time

a physician examination

if a client has athletes foot you should recommend:

Powder mineral make up is usually applied with a large, fluffy brush called a:

kabuki brush

Among the guidelines for good posture while standing is to?

keep the neck elongated

Another name for nail polish is __________.

lacquer

Nail enhancements that are not properly maintained have a great tendency to:

lift and break

permanent haircolors

lighten and deposit color at the same time and in a single process because they are more alkaline than no-lift deposit-only colors and are more usually mixed with a higher-volume developer

off the scalp lighteners

lighteners that can not be used on the scalp

When you perform nail services, the single-use supplies used during a service that must be replaced for each client are called _____________.

materials

If the special occasion will include flash photography, such as a wedding, _______ colors are recommended.

matte

nail rasp

metal file with an edge that can file the nail plate in only one direction

Nail hardeners include those with reinforcing fibers such as nylon, protein, and _____________.

methylene glycol

A popular treatment using mechanical exfoliation is known as __________

microdermabrasion

The use of dappen dishes to hold monomer and polymer products helps to:

minimize evaporation

The amount of monomer and polymer used to create a bead.

mix ratio

Special notes for preforming facial treatments on men include always _________ the pattern of the beard

moving with

skin that has an overabundance of sebum is considered to be __

oily

new growth

part of the hair shaft between the scalp and the hair that has been previously colored

foot leg massage

people with blood circulation problems should not have____________ done:

The most stimulating form of massage that is preformed by tapping, slapping or hacking movements is called ___________

percussion or tapotement

Maintaining cleanliness and healthfulness every day is called?

personal hygiene

What tool should you use to put your clients at ease about your technical abilities?

personal portfolio

Physical Presentation

persons physical posture, walk, and movements

When the skin is grasped between the fingers and palms and tissues are lifted from the underlying structures and squeezed, rolled, or pinched with light, firm pressure, it is called _______________

petrissage

In order to avoid strain on your body when standing for long periods, consider?

placing one foot on a stool

To dispose of tiny amounts of leftover monomer liquid carefully wipe with a paper towel before placing it in a ____________

plastic bag

Removing nail cosmetics from their containers is accomplished with a:

plastic or metal spatula

Hard substance formed by combining many small molecules, usually in a long chain-like structure.

polymer

The chemical reaction that creates polymers also called curing or hardening.

polymerization

More customized pedicure unit, which has a removable foot bath and the technician's stool built into one unit>

portable water bath

A proactive method for moving toward a successful career is to approach your employee evaluation sessions with a __________________________________.

positive attitude

Maintaining the health of the facial skin by using correct cleansing methods, increasing circulation, relaxing the nerves and activating the skin glands and metabolism through a massage is known as ________ facial treatments

preservative

single process hair coloring

process that lightens and deposits color in the hair in a single application

foot soaks

product that are put into the water in the pedicure bath to soften the skin on the feet during the soak time.

foot soaks

products containing gentle soaps, moisturizers, and other additives that are used in a pedicure bath to cleanse, deodorize, and soften the skin:

haircolor

professional, salon industry term referring to artificial hair color products and services

Physical exercise has many positive effects on our bodies including?

proper functioning of organs

Using the proper mixture of powder and liquid ensures ___________ and maximum durability of the nail enhancement

proper set

primary colors

pure or fundamental colors (red, yellow, and blue) that cannot be created by combining other colors

High-performance mascara contain ________ or ________ fibers to lengthen and thicken the hair fibers.

rayon nylon

The benefit of using nail clippers to shorten nail length is to __________

reduce filing time

In dealing with conflicts that may occur between your coworkers, it is important to _________________________________.

remain neutral

____________ nails are the most common choice for male clients because of their natural appearance.

round

Cream and gel blush result in a ___________ finish that simulates naturally flushed cheeks.

sheer

professional pedicure products

soak, scrubs, masks, pedicure lotions and creams callus softeners

The negative pole is the active electrode of the galvanic current that is used when negative reactions are desired on the face such as forcing product into the skin, or ______________

softening sebum

When choosing clothes to wear on the job, you must consider?

the dress code of the salon

When choosing your own hairstyle on the job, you must consider?

the dress code of the salon

overnight

the weekly maintenance procedure for a pipe-less requires the disinfectant solution to remain in the foot spa

materials

toe separators, pedicure slippers,

fine point

toenail clipper that are the most effective should have jaws with a :

implemets

toenail clippers, toenail nipper, curette,nail rasp, pedicure nail file, foot files ,

What is applied after massage cream is removed?

toner or refreshener

Fresheners and astringents that are used to remove excess cleansers and residue left behind by face wash cleansers, as well as help rebalance the pH of the skin, are called _____________

toners

implements

tools used to perform nail services. implements can be mulituse or single-use.

What's in a hygiene pack?

tooth brush and tooth paste, floss, mouthwash, deodorant, hand wipes

fillers

used to equalize porosity

conditioner fillers

used to recondition damaged, overly porous hair and equalize porosity so that the hair accepts the color evenly from strand to strand and scalp to ends

The thicker the product, the less ________ it contains.

water

Many eyebrow kits partner powders with an eyebrow ________ to keep hairs in place.

wax

If too little powder is used the nail enhancement can become:

weaker

What is the very first thing you should do when meeting a new client?

wear a smile

A bead that uses twice as much liquid as powder is called

wet bead

The best way to understand others is to begin with a firm understanding of _____________________.

yourself


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