Milady State board Cosmetology
Does not contain ingredients that will clog the follicles, aggravating acne prone skin:
Noncomedogenic
Sensory nerve fibers
Definition:Fibers of the sensory nerves that react to heat, cold, touch, pressure, and pain. These sensory receptors send messages to the brain.
keratin
Definition:Fibrous protein of cells that is also the principal component of hair and nails.
Apex
Definition:Highest point on the top of the head.
natural immunity
Definition:Immunity that is partly inherited and partly developed through healthy living.
broad spectrum sunscreen
Definition:Means that the sunscreen product has been shown to protect against both UV-A and UV-B radiation of the sun.
waveform
Definition:Measurement of the distance between two wavelengths.
Cast
Definition:Method of manufacturing shears; a metal-forming process whereby molten steel is poured into a mold and, once the metal is cooled, takes on the shape of the mold.
hair pressing
Definition:Method of temporarily straightening extremely curly or unruly hair by means of a heated iron or comb.
emulsifier
Definition:An ingredient that brings two normally incompatible materials together and binds them into a uniform and fairly stable blend.
Phenolic disinfectants
Definition:Powerful tuberculocidal disinfectants. They are a form of formaldehyde, have a very high pH, and can damage the skin and eyes.
fuse
Definition:Prevents excessive current from passing through a circuit.
Chemistry
Definition:Science that deals with the composition, structures, and properties of matter and how matter changes under different conditions.
trichology
Definition:Scientific study of hair and its diseases and care.
shaping
Definition:Section of hair that is molded in a circular movement in preparation for the formation of curls.
efficacy
Definition:The ability to produce an effect.
Nerves
Definition:Whitish cords made up of bundles of nerve fibers held together by connective tissue, through which impulses are transmitted.
single flat wrap
Perm wrap that is similar to double flat wrap but uses only one end paper, placed over the top of the strand of hair being wrapped.
What type of salon provides a high level of personal service and hires professionals whose technical expertise, personal appearance, and communication skills meet their high standards?
High-end image salons
A _____________ color is lighter than the client skin tone and may have matte or iridescent finish.
Highlight
People skills
Is salon can be thought of as a team environment that requires that you practice and perfect your ___.
curvature permanent wrap
Perm wraps in which partings and bases radiate throughout the panels to follow the curvature of the head.
deductive reasoning
The process of reaching logical conclusions by employing logical reasoning.
electrotherapy
The use of electrical currents to treat the skin.
What are texture services?
The variety of permanent waving and straightening services available for various hair types and conditions
The blue color of the barber pole represents what
The veins in the arms
Which action is acceptable at a job interview?
Thanking the salon owner for meeting with you
ethics
The moral principles by which we live and work.
thioglycolic acid
The most common reducing agent in permanent wave solutions. M: also known as perm solution
nail forms
Used as a guide to extend the nail enhancements beyond the fingertip for additional length.
Greek women applied _ to their cheeks and lips
Vermillion
Nail dehydrator
What substance is used to remove surface moisture and tiny amounts of oil left on the natural nail plate?
building gel
What type of UV or LED gel is used when sculpting light cured gel using forms
light cured gel
What type of nail enhancement product hardens when exposed to UV light and is also known as a UV and LED gel
Budget
What term refers to a plan to meet financial obligations?
The nail shape with a square free edge that extends slightly past the fingertip is known as ___________.
squoval
Values and goals
values and goals guide our behavior and give us direction.
straight across with rounded corners
when filling the toenial during a pedicure, the nails should be filed :
daily
fresh disinfectant solution for implements should be prepared:
Diplomacy
is the ability to deliver truthful, even sometimes critical or difficult, messages in a kind way. (AKA. tact)
A monomer is _______ called a molecule.
one unit
Single use implements are disposable and should be discarded after:
one use
___________________ is determined by the oiliness or dryness of the skin, is hereditary and cannot be permanently changed with treatments, although it can be improved with treatments
skin type
Yellow surface discoloration or stains on fingernails can be removed with _____________.
nail bleaches
The implement used to clean fingernails and remove debris is called a _____________.
nail brush
Color primers were created to actually _____________ skin discolorations.
neutralize
What treatments are usually more intensive products designed for use at night to treat specific skin problems and are heavier than day products ?
night treatments
Series
some improvements in feet requires more than one appointment in services referred to as :
_______ is the term used for the bristles of makeup brushes.
Hair
________ color needs to be taken into account when determining eye makeup.
Hair
Owner
Malpractice insurance is purchased by you, the ____.
The bottom cap Of the barber pole represents
The basin used to catch blood
demi-permanent hair color
hair color that doesn't lift, deposit only
Apply the brow color to the browse using short, __________ strokes.
hair like
The polymer in nail enhancements is represented by the:
powder
Monomer and polymer nail enhancements are made with:
powder and liquid
When preparing for a _______ exam, it is a good idea to make a list of the equipment you will need to take with you.
practical
base color
predominant tone of a color
Sarah Breedlove sold:
"Madam Walkers Wonderful Hair Grower"
As a beauty professional you are subject to many stresses, including all the following except?
24 hour coverage
The greatest success in the appearance of a nail polish application is achieved by using how many coats?
4
How much time should you schedule for a consultation with a first-time client?
5-15 minutes
wooden pusher
A wooden stick used to remove cuticle tissue from the nail plate (by gently pushing), to clean under the free edge of the nail, or to apply products.
urethane acrylate
A main ingredient used to create light cured gel nail enhancements.
Sole
A salon that is owned or operated by an individual is referred to a ___ proprietorship.
9
A UV lamp used to cure UV gels can use either 4- 6- 7- 8- or ______ - watt bulbs
Goal
A ___ is a benchmark that, once achieved, helps you realize your mission and your vision.
Partnership
A business structure where two or more people share ownership is a ____.
alkili
A caustic
basalt
A dark, fine grained volcanic rock used in hot stone massage;
Booth rental
A desirable working situation for practioners who are 70 percent booked all the time is ___ ___.
pus
A fluid created by infection.
round nail
A slightly tapered nail shape; it usually extends just a bit past the fingertip.
acidic solution
A solution that has a pH below 7.0 (neutral).
treatment cream
A specialty product designed to facilitate change in the skin's appearance.
Nylon brush
After the filing procedure, remove dust and filings with a clean and disinfected
hirsuties
Also known as hypertrichosis; growth of an unusual amount of hair on parts of the body normally bearing only downy hair, such as the faces of women or the backs of men.
Shimmer, glitter or frosted colors can ___________ the dry patches or wrinkles typical of mature skin.
Accent
What should be the primary focus of your resume?
Achievements and accomplishments
Hair porosity
Ability of the hair to absorb moisture.
A thin, elongated board with a rough surface
Abrasive
fine-grit abrasives
Abrasives 240 grit and higher designed for buffing, polishing, and removing very fine scratches.
ammonium thioglycolate (ATG)
Active ingredient or reducing agent in alkaline permanents.
Electric foot mitts
Add to the comfort of a pedicure service
What are modern versions of the perm called
Alkaline perms
apex
Also known as arch; the area of the nail that has all of the strength.
French hairdressers introducerd weaving the hair with
Aluminum foil
hydroxide neutralization
An acid-alkali neutralization reaction that neutralizes (deactivates) the alkaline residues left in the hair by a hydroxide relaxer and lowers the pH of the hair and scalp; hydroxide relaxer neutralization does not involve oxidation or rebuild disulfide bonds.
Identity
An agreement to buy an established salon should include _____ of the owner.
Financing
An important first step in seeking ___ to open a salon is develoing a business plan.
potassium hydroxide
An inorganic compound that degrates the protein in the callus cells.
base direction
Angle at which the rod is positioned on the head (horizontally vertically or diagonally); also, the directional pattern in which the hair is wrapped.
Cleanse brushes with an ________________ detergent followed by a commercial cleaning solution.
Antibacterial
pigmented gels
Any building or self-leveling gel that includes color pigment.
Nail wrap
Any method of securing a layer of fabric or paper on and around the nail tip to ensure its strength and durability is called a _____.
building gels
Any thick-viscosity adhesive resin that is used to build an arch and curve to the fingernail.
Backfill
Application of the enhancement product onto the new growth of the nail is commonly referred to as _____.
Which question can legally be asked at a job interview?
Are you physically able to preform this job?
Who created the cold wave
Arnold willatt
Wig
Artificial covering for the head consisting of a network of interwoven hair.
If a client is dissatisfied with a service, what is one of the first steps you should take?
Ask for specifics
Braid-and-sew method
Attachment method in which hair extensions are secured to client's own hair by sewing braids or a weft onto an on-the-scalp braid or cornrow, which is sometimes called the track.
nail creams
Barrier products that contain ingredients designed to seal the surface and hold subdermal moisture in the skin.
off-base placement
Base control in which the hair is wrapped at 45-degrees below the center of the base section, so the rod is positioned completely off its base.
Owning
Becoming your own boss, you have 2 main options to consider; ____ your own salon and booth rental.
Orange is complementary to:
Blue
medium-grit abrasives
Boards and buffers 150 to 180 grit that are used to smooth and refine surfaces and shorten natural nails.
lower-grit abrasives
Boards and buffers less than 180 grit that quickly reduce the thickness of any surface.
Salary plus commission
Brigida is paid based on an hourly rate as well as a percentage of whatever products she sells. Her pay plan is known as?
Another form of cheek color, is often added to give definition and a warm glow:
Bronzer
Maybe use to apply eyeshadow, blend eyeliner, apply lip balm, or to correct application mistakes.
Cotton swabs
foaming cleansers
Cleansers containing surfactants (detergents) which cause the product to foam and rinse off easily.
Design texture
Definition:Wave patterns that must be taken into consideration when designing a style.
Also known as pancake makeup, is a heavy coverage pressed powder that is applied to the field with a moistened cosmetic sponge:
Cake makeup
Max factors makeup was popular with movie stars because it wouldn't
Cake or crack
Bactericidal
Capable of destroying bacteria
Fungicidal
Capable of destroying fungi
Virucidal
Capable of destroying viruses
In the 20th century beauty applications began to follow trends set by
Celebrities and society figures
Style
Change your ___________ frequently, or as often as you feel comfortable to keep up with trends.
Also known as blush, use primarily to add color to the cheeks:
Cheek color
monomer liquid
Chemical liquid mixed with a polymer power to form the sculptured nail enhancement.
The first hairdressing Academy was opened in what city
Chicago
hacking
Chopping movement performed with the edges of the hands in massage.
Salon policies
Clients and associates will be treated more fairly and consisently through ____ ____.
two-colored method
Clients who wish to wear a French or American manicure finish over nail enhancements should use the
Formed when a product that is darker than the clients skin tone is used to create shadows over prominent features so they are less noticeable:
Contour
Encompass blues, greens, violets, and blue Reds.
Cool colors
shrinkage
Definition:When hair contracts or lifts through the action of moisture loss or drying.
Elevation
Definition:Also known as projection or lifting; the degree at which a subsection of hair is held, or lifted, from the head when cutting.
Femur
Definition:Heavy, long bone that forms the leg above the knee.
Vitamin E
Definition:Helps protect the skin from the harmful effects of the sun's UV light.
distribution
Definition:Where and how hair is moved over the head.
Acne
Definition:A skin disorder characterized by chronic inflammation of the sebaceous glands from retained secretions and bacteria known as propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes), the scientific term for acne bacteria.
mole
Definition:Small brownish spot or blemish on the skin, ranging in color from pale tan to brown or bluish black.
If you smoke
DO Not smoke during work hours
Look for products that are rich and pigment when choosing products for use on _______ skin tones
Deep
two to three times per year
Depending on the usage, a typical UV lightbulb should be changed:
Used to hygienically apply lip color.
Disposable lip brush
Shower or bathe
EVERYDAY!!
Take good care of your makeup brushes by cleaning them after:
Each application
What are agents that prevent moisture from leaving the skin?
Emollients
Queen Cleopatra did:
Erect a personal cosmetics factory next to the Dead Sea
Linen
Fabric wraps are made from silk, fiberglass, and _____.
The metal part that holds hands e brush intact and supports the strength of the bristles.
Ferrule
ostium
Follicle opening.
self actalization
Fulfilling one's full potential.
With mature skin, stick to muted, soft colors, and avoid creating:
Hard lines
true acid waves
Have a pH between 4.5 and 7.0 and require heat to process; they process more slowly than alkaline waves, and do not usually produce as firm a curl as alkaline waves.
Fiberglass
If a client repeatedly returns to the salon with broken enhancements you should try a gel that uses
Stress
Inability to cope with a threat, real or imagined, to our well-being, which results in a series of responses and adaptations by our minds and bodies; tension caused by a situation.
If you have to choose between incandescent or fluorescent choose:
Incandescent
Lawsuits
Insurance policies help protect salon owners against malpractice ____.
Haircut and Color
Keep your _____________ and _____________ fresh and updated and in tip-top shape.
Keep the best interest of the client as your top priority
Lana wants to improve her selling skills. Which technique is good for her to remember?
Greek women applied _ to their faces
Lead
Acrylates
Light cured gel enhancements rely on ingredients from a subcategory of the monomer liquid and polymer powder chemical family called
every two weeks
Light cured gel enhancements should be maintained
glyceryl monothioglycolate
Main active ingredient in true acid-balanced waving lotions.
Appearance
Make sure that you put thought into your _______________ every day.
massage
Manual or mechanical manipulation of the body by rubbing, pinching, kneading, tapping, and other movements to increase metabolism and circulation, promote absorption, and relieve pain.
"No fragrance"
Many salons have a _________________________ policy for staff members due to high allergy rates.
Fusion Bonding
Method of attaching extensions in which extension hair is bonded to the client's own hair with a bonding material that is activated by heat from a special tool.
Bonding
Method of attaching hair extensions in which hair wefts or single strands are attached with an adhesive or bonding agent.
mechanical exfoliants
Methods used to physically remove dead cell buildup.
Nails
Meticulously maintain the appearance of your ______________.
Being a life long learner
Moriah loves to read professional magazines, go to classes offered by famous stylus and watch online videos of the newest styles and techniques. Her behavior is best described as ____.
When is it appropriate to argue with clients?
NEVER
Sarah Breedlove devoted time and money to these two organizations
Naccp and ymca
inflamed skin
Never apply wax over warts, moles, abrasions, or
Nail extension and wrap services
Offering _____ expands your service offerings and enables clients to have a "one stop shop" experience in your salon.
Liquid and cream forms of makeup are an emulsion of:
Oil and water
Cream foundation is also known as:
Oil based foundation
Oil-base meaning:
Oil in water
Incorporating
One of the best ways for a business owner to protect personal assets is by ____.
According to your text, what is the proper length for your resume?
One page
monomer
One unit called a molecule.
What are the three parts of the basic manicure?
PRE-SERVICE, SERVICE, POST-SERVICE
Low ranking Egyptians wore what colors on their nails
Pale colors
Max factor created what kind of makeup
Pancake makeup
Overcast stitch
Pass the needle under both the track and the weft and then bring it back over to a new stitch
Cosmetic service performed on the feet by a licensed cosmetologist or nail technician:
Pedicure
Stockholders
People or companies who purchase shares in a company are called ____.
endothermic waves
Perm activated by an outside heat source, usually a conventional hood-type hair dryer. M: not a heat reactant perm solution
acid-balanced waves
Permanent waves that have 7.0 or neutral pH; because of their higher pH, the process at room temperature, do not require the added heat of a hair dryer, process more quickly, and produce firmer curls than true acid waves.
motor point
Point on the skin over the muscle where pressure or stimulation will cause contraction of that muscle.
Roman women with black hair were part of the _ social class
Poor
___________ can also be used to brush out hard edges from blush or eyeshadow application.
Powder
Brow powder's are similar to:
Press eyeshadows
Helps to disguise less than perfect skin.
Primer
The foundation application begins with a:
Primer
Licenses
Prior to opening a business, contact local authorities regarding business ____.
chemical exfoliants
Products that contain chemicals that either loosen or dissolve dead cell buildup.
Expenses
Proper bookkeeping methods include keeping an accurate record of all income and ____.
Sidewall to sidewall
Properly sized nail tips for a client should cover the nail plate from _____.
Successful selling
Recognizing a clients needs and preferences lays the foundation for ___.
Retailing
Recommending professional products to clients for at home care is known as what?
Egyptian men and women of high social rank wore what color on their nails
Red orange henna
Cracking of the hands
Repeated exposure to pedicure water can cause:
Skin that is sensitive, windburned, or affected by rosacea:
Ruddy skin
Skin that has a yellowish hue:
Sallow skin
Policies
Salon ___ in the business plan ensure that all clients and employees are treated fairly and consistently.
relaxes
Saturating two pledgets of cotton or a towel with warm water and placing it over the brows for one to two minutes softens and ____ the eyebrow tissues.
service sets
Sets of all the tools that will be used in a service.
Well
Shallow depressions that serve as contact points for nail tips and the natural nail are called _____.
oligomer
Short chain of monomer liquids that is often thick, sticky and gel-like and that is not long enough to be considered a polymer.
Oligomer
Short chain of monomers that is not long enough to be considered a polymer is a
transferable skills
Skills mastered at other jobs that can be put to use in a new position
soakable gels
Soft UV gels are also known as:
Avicenna refined the process of
Steam distillation
thio neutralization
Stops the action of a permanent wave solution and rebuilds the hair in its new curly form.
Bloodletting was once thought to
Strengthen the immune system
Muscles and Joints
Stressful and repetitive motions have a cumulative effect on the ______________ and _____________.
eyelash hairs on a band that are applied with it he sieve to the natural lash line:
Strip lashes
disulfide bonds
Strong chemical side bonds formed when the sulfur atoms in two adjacent protein chains are joined together.
polymer
Substance formed by combining many small molecules (monomers) into very long, chain-like structures.
Makeup brushes are made of:
Synthetic fibers or animal hair.
70
Synthetic hair colors used on wigs and hairpieces are standardized according to the ______ colors on the hair color ring used by wig and hairpiece manufacturers.
durability
The chemical family of urethanes is known for high abrasion resistance and
game plan
The conscious act of planning your life, instead of just letting things happen.
Flat across the nail
The contact areas of nail tips are smoothed with a fine-grit block buffer held _____.
smile line
The curved line where the pink and white meet each other on a French manicured nail.
LED lamp
The electronic device that houses the LED bulbs.
goal setting
The identification of long-term and short-term goals that helps you decide what you want out of life.
sidewall
The line of the nail enhancement that runs straight from the cuticle down the side or wall of the nail to the end of the extension.
Bonding agent
The nail tip adhesive used to secure the nail tip to a natural nail is also called a(n) _____.
stress area
The part of the nail enhancement where the natural nail grows beyond the finger and becomes the free edge. This area needs strength to support the nail extension.
exfoliation
The removal of excess dead cells from the skin surface.
The DLC is the salon's and it's staff's link with
The rest of the industry in this relationship represents the most efficient method that outside companies used to reach the salon stylist
Prevent lifting
The sealer or finisher layer of a UV or LED gel product covers the entire nail surface and is wrapped under the natural free edge to
Hair texture
Thickness or diameter of the individual hair strand.
Pleasing personality
To be successful in sales, you need ambition, determination and a ___.
Harden
To cure means to
Pennsylvania
To date, ____ state does not permit booth rental.
How does containing very little pigment are called:
Translucent
When asked a question during the interview, be honest and sincere and take no more than _________________ minutes when stating your answer
Two
test-wise
Understanding the strategies for successful test taking
aloe gel
Use ______ to calm and soothe redness and swelling that sometimes occurs on sensitive skin after waxing.
thio relaxers
Use the same ammonium thioglycolate (ATG) that is used in permanent waving, but at a higher concentration and a higher pH (above 10).
Makeup
Use this to accentuate your best features and mask your less flattering ones.
tweezing
Using tweezers to remove hairs
If the red is orange based it is:
Warm
_________ and _______ Colors form the basis of all make up application.
Warm and cool
It cannot be exposed to extreme heat.
What is a disadvantage of synthetic hair?
Overlay
What is a layer of any kind of nail enhancement product that is applied over the natural nail and tip application for added strength?
Commission
What is compensation that is paid as a direct result of the total amount of service dollars generated for a salon?
Burn it with a match
What is the fastest way to determine whether a strand of hair is synthetic?
shaving
What is the most common method of temporary hair removal?
5 to 10 seconds
When applying nail tips, you must hold the tip in place for _____ until the adhesive has dried.
One inch
When bonding, it is recommended that you work _____ away from the hairline to keep the wefts from showing.
Easy access
When choosing a location for your business, you should select one that has ___ ___.
Toward the weight
When cutting a wig using a free-form method, move from longer to shorter lengths, working _______.
one-color method
When one color of gel, usually clear, is applied over the entire surface of the nail.
Primary
When opening a new business, the location selected should reflect your ____ clientele.
Hold
When securing the tip to the natural nail use the stop, rock, and _____ method to avoid air bubbles and promote proper adhesion.
Sharp
When sewing on an extension using the braid-and-sew attachment method, it is recommended that you do NOT use a ______ needle.
Sulfur Base
When shampooing a wig, it is recommended that you avoid shampoos that have a ______.
Punctuality
Which element is central to the salon business for both clients and coworkers?
Pigmented gel
Which gel can be a building gel or self-leveling gel that includes color pigment
Self - leveling gel
Which gel is used to enhance thickness of the overlay while providing a smoother surface
Glossing gel
Which type of gel also known as a sealing gel or shine gel is used over the finished and filed gel application to create a high shine
Electrolysis
Which procedure involves the removal of hair by means of an electric current that destroys the growth cells of the hair?
Rochelle, who pitches in and folds towels when she's not busy with clients
Who among the following is exemplifying good salon team work?
Cap wigs
Wigs constructed of elasticized, mesh-fiber bases to which the hair is attached.
Semi-hand-tied wigs
Wigs constructed with a combination of synthetic hair and hand-tied human hair.
Machine-made wigs
Wigs made by matching by feeding wefts through a sewing machine, and then sewing them together to form the base and shape of the wig.
Cyanoacrylates
Wrap resins are called
Cyanoacrylate
Wrap resins are made from _____, a specialized acrylic monomer that has excellent adhesion to the natural nail plate and polymerizes in seconds.
Viscosity
___ is the measurement of the thickness or thinness of a liquid and affects how fluid flows
Financial
____ documents include projected financial statements, actual statements, and financial statement analysis.
Epilation
_________________________ is the process of removing hair by pulling it out of the follicle.
glaze
a non-ammonia color that adds shine and tone to the hair
In a manicure service, to shape the free edge, you use a(n) _______________.
abrasive file
benefits of paraffin bath
aids in the reduction of pain and inflammation and promotes circulation to joints affected by arthritis and other chronic problems.
Strip lashes are made of human hair, mink, or synthetic fibers attached to a __________.
band
what you should do before buying a pedicure equipment
check with state board to see what is permitted i your state.
After foundation and face powder have been applied, use a clean blush brush to apply color to the ___________.
cheeks
Products designed to soften and smooth thickened tissue
callus softener
The substance speeds up chemical reactions between monomers and polymers.
catalyst
soft
caution should be used when filing gel nails because they are
Process that joins together monomers to create very long polymer chains.
chain reaction
types of masks that temporally contract the pores of the skin are ___________
clay masks
What is a non foaming lotion cleanser designed to cleanse dry and sensitive skin types and to remove makeup?
cleansing milk
The ________________ is the communication with a client that determines the clients needs and how to achieve the desired results.
client consultation
Under the eyes, focus on concealing ____________ areas and discoloration.
concave
As a cosmetologist, do not attempt to fulfill the role of ________________, career guide, parental sounding board or motivational coach for any of your clients.
counselor
Filing an area with a break and adding monomer liquid and polymer powder to it is known as:
crack repair
strand test
determines how the hair will react to the color formula and how long the formula should be left of the hair
Products designed to hasten the drying of nail polishes may be sprayed on or applied with a __________.
dropper
Sharpen the eyebrow pencil and wipe with clean tissue before:
each use
A paddle is an implement used in manicures and pedicures to trim tags of dead skin:
false
It is preferable to use a blade to remove heavy calluses:
false
work on the foot on the client's non-dominant side first, because it usually needs more soaking and attention
false
virgin application
first time hair is colored
What is the form of petrissage in which the tissue is grasped, gently lifted, and spread out?
fulling
All non-disposable implements must be ______________ in a disinfectant solution.
fully immersed
Odorless products harden more slowly, which creates the tacky layer.
inhibition layer
Benzoyl peroxide is a _________ that is added to the powder to start a chain reaction which leads to the creation of long polymer chains.
initiator
The direction of massage movements should always be from _____________
insertion to origin
Pedicure stool and footrest
is usually low to make it ergonomically easier for the pedicurist to work on the client't feet. some of them come with a built-in footrest for the client's feet. the seat must be comfortable and allow ergonomically-correct position
do not provide paraffin bath to client's with:
lesions or abrasions, impaired foot or leg circulation, loss of feeling in their feet or legs or other diabetes related problems.
If the foundation color is too ___________, it will look dull and chalky.
light
Cosmetic lash enhancers are lash lengtheners that contain fibers to make lashes look:
longer and fuller
Apply _________ powder with a large powder brush or a disposable powder puff.
loose
volume
measures that concentration and strength of hydrogen peroxide
temporary
nonpermanent haircolor, only last one shampoo
Using the wrong powder with your chosen liquid could result in nails that are:
not properly cured
When interacting and communicating with coworkers, make every effort to remain ______________ and resist being pulled into spats and cliques.
objective
one of the first things to do when you are ready to target salons is to ___________________
obtain a list of area salons
Strip lashes are easily removed with cotton pads saturated with _______ based make up remover.
oil
The fixed attachment of one end of the muscle to a bone or tissue is called the _______________
origin of the muscle
As a cosmetologist, your professional image consist of?
outward appearance and conduct
hydrogen peroxide developer
oxidizing agent that, when mixed with an oxidation haircolor, supplies the necessary oxygen gas to develop the color molecules and create a change in natural hair color
Masks that are melted at a little more then body temperature before application are ___________
paraffin wax masks
another name for foot files:
pedicure paddles
footrest for the client
pedicure station should have a chair with armrest for the client, ergonomic chair for the nail professional, and a:
Products used to soften dry skin around the nail plate and to increase the flexibility of natural nails are known as __________________.
penetrating oils
For sallow skin, apply a _________ based foundation on the affected areas and blend carefully into the jaw and neck.
pink
Good, nutritious food has many effets, including?
preventing a variety of illnesses
Listening to the client and then repeating, in your own words, what you think the client is telling you, is known as ________________________________.
reflective listening
In order to look well groomed at all times, the hair requires?
regular shampooing
The _____________ movement involves pressing and twisting the tissues with a fast back and forth motion
rolling
In addition to a firm sure touch and strong flexible hands quality massage requires ____________
self control and soft hands
To prevent physical strain, a good practice is to?
swivel the client's chair
effleurage
the massage technique used most often in pedicure is:
When communicating with your salon manager about an issue or problem, it is recommended that you ____________________ beforehand.
think of a possible solution
self-care
to be helpful to others, it is essential to take care of yourself.
clipped
to prevent ingrown toenail, sometimes the toenail corner may be
Pressed powder in compacts is marketed primarily for ____________ because it can easily be carried in a purse.
touchups
A shacking movement accomplished by rapid muscular contractions in the practitioners arms, while the balls of the finger tips are pressed firmly on the point of the application is known as _____________
vibration
line of demarcation
visible line separating colored hair from new growth
After submitting a job application, you should ____________
wait a week and then follow-up by telephone
Eponychium
when performing a pedicure, do not push back the:
doctors
who can remove ingrown nails:
photoinitiator
A chemical that initiates the polymerization reaction.
paraffin
A petroleum by-product that has excellent sealing properties (barrier qualities) to hold moisture in the skin.
brushing machine
A rotating electric appliance with interchangeable brushes that can be attached to the rotating head.
Productivity
A salary plus commission structure is used to motivate practitioners to increase ___.
Marblezing
A swirled nail art effect when you combine two or more colors while wet and then mix them on the nail with a stylus tool.
Appearance enhancement
A term used to encompass a broad range of specialty areas, including hairstyling, nail technology, and esthetics.
soft curl permanent
A thio based chemical service that reformats curly and wavy hair into looser and larger curls and waves. M: changes the texture of the hair
stylus
A tool with a solid handle with a rounded ball tip on each end that can range in size, used to create nail art.
Reflexology
A unique method of applying pressure with thumb and index fingers to the hands and feet; it has demonstrated health benefits.
gel polish
A very thin-viscosity, light cured gel that is usually pigmented and packaged in a pot or a polish bottle and used as an alternative to traditional nail lacquers.
Brazilian bikini waxing
A waxing technique that requires the removal of all the hair from the front and the back of the bikini area.
Photoepilation
Also known as Intense Pulsed Light; permanent hair removal treatment that uses intense light to destroy the growth cells of the hair follicles.
light cured gel
Also known as UV and LED gel; type of nail enhancement product that hardens when exposed to a UV and LED light.
UV bulb
Also known as UV light bulb; special bulb that emits UV and LED light to cure UV and LED gel nail enhancements.
UV lamp
Also known as UV light unit; specialized electronic device that powers and controls UV and LED bulbs to cure UV and LED gel nail enhancements.
facial
Also known as a facial treatment; a professional skin treatment that improves the condition and appearance of the skin.
open comedones
Also known as blackheads; follicles impacted with solidified sebum and dead cell buildup.
gommages
Also known as roll-off masks; peeling creams that are rubbed off of the skin.
In the early twentieth century the innovation of motion pictures coincided with:
An abrupt shift in American attitudes
cation
An ion with a positive electrical charge.
nonporous
An item that is made or constructed of a material that has no pores or openings and cannot absorb liquids.
Salicylic acid
An organic acid that derives originally from the bark of willow trees.
Urea
An organic compound that has a super-hydrating effect on skin cells
perfectionism
An unhealthy compulsion to do things perfectly.
on-base placement
Base control in which the hair is wrapped at a 45-degree angle beyond perpendicular to its base section, and the rod is positioned on its base.
half off-base placement
Base control in which the hair is wrapped at an angle of 90 degrees or perpendicular to its base section, and the rod is positioned half off its base section. M: rod is not fully on base
______________ can be used to hide hyperpigmentation, acne, and slight birthmarks, among other issues.
Base makeup/ foundation
Who invented the first electric perm machine
Charles Nessler
amino acids
Compounds made up of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen , nitrogen, and sulfur.
Used to hide dark eyes circles, hyperpigmentation, and the standard capillaries, and other imperfections:
Concealers
serums
Concentrated products that generally contain higher concentrations of ingredients designed to penetrate and treat various skin conditions.
hirsutism
Condition pertaining to an excessive growth or cover of hair, especially in women.
contraindication
Condition that requires avoiding certain treatments, procedures, or products to prevent undesirable side effects.
normalizing lotions
Conditioners with an acidic pH that restore the hair's natural pH before the final neutralizing shampooing. M: restores pH to the hair
Eye protection
Cosmetologists and their clients should always wear _____ when using and handling nail tip adhesives.
May be used with toner or make up remover's.
Cotton pads or puffs
___________ foundations provide have your coverage and are usually intended for dryer, for mature skin types.
Cream
______________ foundation is usually applied to the sponge and then blended across the skin.
Cream
exothermic waves
Create an exothermic chemical reaction that heats up the waving solution and speeds up the processing. M: heat reactant perm solution
The peaks of the upper lip, fall directly in line with the nostrils:
Cupids bow
________________ is the best choice for make up application. (Lighting)
Daylight
Chinese punishment for nail varnish
Death
Tuberculosis (TB)
Definition:A disease caused by bacteria that are transmitted through coughing or sneezing.
acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)
Definition:A disease that breaks down the body's immune system. AIDS is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
Common peroneal nerve
Definition:A division of the sciatic nerve that extends from behind the knee to wind around the head of the fibula to the front of the leg where it divides into two branches.
Tibial nerve
Definition:A division of the sciatic nerve that passes behind the knee. It subdivides and supplies impulses to the knee, the muscles of the calf, the skin of the leg, and the sole, heel, and underside of the toes.
pH scale
Definition:A measure of the acidity and alkalinity of a substance; the pH scale has a range of 0 to 14, with 7 being neutral. A pH below 7 is an acidic solution; a pH above 7 is an alkaline solution.
clean
Definition:A mechanical process (scrubbing) using soap and water or detergent and water to remove all visible dirt, debris, and many disease-causing germs. Cleaning also removes invisible debris that interfere with disinfection. Cleaning is what cosmetologists are required to do before disinfecting.
Intense pulse light
Definition:A medical device that uses multiple colors and wavelengths (broad spectrum) of focused light to treat spider veins, hyperpigmentation, rosacea and redness, wrinkles, enlarged hair follicles and pores, and excessive hair.
Nail psoriasis
Definition:A noninfectious condition that affects the surface of the natural nail plate causing tiny pits or severe roughness on the surface of the nail plate.
human papilloma virus
Definition:Abbreviated HPV; a virus that causes warts in humans, but is also the cause of cervical cancer in women. When the virus infects the bottom of the foot and resembles small black dots, usually in clustered groups, it is also called plantar warts.
Ultraviolet light
Definition:Abbreviated UV light and also known as cold light or actinic light (ak-TIN-ik LYT); invisible light that has a short wavelength (giving it higher energy), is less penetrating than visible light, causes chemical reactions to happen more quickly than visible light, produces less heat than visible light, and kills germs.
volt
Definition:Abbreviated V and also known as voltage; unit that measures the pressure or force that pushes electric current forward through a conductor.
water-in-oil (W/O) emulsion
Definition:Abbreviated W/O emulsion; water droplets emulsified in oil.
eleventh cranial nerve
Definition:Also known as accessory nerve; a motor nerve that controls the motion of the neck and shoulder muscles.
Acne
Definition:Also known as acne vulgaris; skin disorder characterized by chronic inflammation of the sebaceous glands from retained secretions and Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) bacteria.
Single braids
Definition:Also known as box braids or individual braids; free-hanging braids, with or without extensions, that can be executed using either an underhand or an overhand technique.
Sternum
Definition:Also known as breastbone; flat bone that forms the ventral (front) support of the ribs.
Hair spray
Definition:Also known as finishing spray; a styling product applied in the form of a mist to hold a style in position; available in a variety of holding strengths.
traveling guideline
Definition:Also known as movable guideline; guideline that moves as the haircutting progresses, used often when creating layers or graduation.
Superficial peroneal nerve
Definition:Also known as musculocutaneous nerve (MUS-kyoo-loh-kyoo-TAY-nee-us NURV); extends down the leg, just under the skin, supplying impulses to the muscles and the skin of the leg, as well as to the skin and toes on the top of the foot, where it becomes the dorsal nerve.
pimple
Definition:Also known as papule; small elevation on the skin that contains no fluid but may develop pus.
telogen phase
Definition:Also known as resting phase; the final phase in the hair cycle that lasts until the fully grown hair is shed.
carved curls
Definition:Also known as sculptured curls; pin curls sliced from a shaping and formed without lifting the hair from the head.
Leukonychia spots
Definition:Also known as white spots; whitish discolorations of the nails, usually caused by injury to the matrix area; not related to the body's health or vitamin deficiencies.
Carpus
Definition:Also known as wrist; flexible joint composed of a group of eight small, irregular bones (carpals) held together by ligaments.
Tension
Definition:Amount of pressure applied when combing and holding a section, created by stretching or pulling the section.
ulnar artery
Definition:Artery, along with numerous branches, that supplies blood to the little-finger side of the arm and palm of the hand.
radial artery
Definition:Artery, along with numerous branches, that supplies blood to the thumb side of the arm and the back of the hand; supplies blood to the muscles of the skin, hands, fingers, wrist, elbow, and forearm.
reflex
Definition:Automatic reaction to a stimulus that involves the movement of an impulse from a sensory receptor along the sensory nerve to the spinal cord.
Nasal bones
Definition:Bones that form the bridge of the nose.
Submental artery
Definition:Branch of the facial artery that supplies blood to the chin and lower lip.
Biofilms
Definition:Colonies of bacteria that adhere together and adhere to environmental surfaces.
Ammonia
Definition:Colorless gas with a pungent odor that is composed of hydrogen and nitrogen.
Overdirection
Definition:Combing a section away from its natural falling position, rather than straight out from the head, toward a guideline; used to create increasing lengths in the interior or perimeter.
Layers
Definition:Create movement and volume in the hair by releasing weight.
cuticle
Definition:Dead, colorless tissue attached to the natural nail plate.
reticular layer
Definition:Deeper layer of the dermis that supplies the skin with oxygen and nutrients; contains fat cells, blood vessels, sudoriferous (sweat) glands, hair follicles, lymph vessels, arrector pili muscles, sebaceous (oil) glands, and nerve endings.
Anhidrosis
Definition:Deficiency in perspiration or the inability to sweat, often a result of damage to autonomic nerves.
nucleus
Definition:Dense, active protoplasm found in the center of the cell; plays an important part in cell reproduction and metabolism.
growth pattern
Definition:Direction in which the hair grows from the scalp; also referred to as natural fall or natural falling position.
Flat-twist
Definition:Double-strand twists that are interwoven to lie flat on the scalp with various patterns with our without extensions.
scutula
Definition:Dry, sulfur-yellow, cuplike crusts on the scalp in tinea favosa or tinea favus.
hydrophilic
Definition:Easily absorbs moisture; in chemistry terms, capable of combining with or attracting water (water-loving).
Collagen
Definition:Fibrous protein that gives the skin form and strength.
acquired immunity
Definition:Immunity that the body develops after overcoming a disease, through inoculation (such as flu vaccinations) or through exposure to natural allergens such as pollen, cat dander, and ragweed.
Thermal irons
Definition:Implements made of quality steel that are used to curl dry hair.
systemic infection
Definition:Infection that affects the body as a whole, often due to under-functioning or over-functioning of internal glands or organs. This disease is carried through the blood stream or the lymphatic system
Onychia
Definition:Inflammation of the nail matrix followed by shedding of the natural nail.
Wheal
Definition:Itchy, swollen lesion that lasts only a few hours; caused by a blow or scratch, the bite of an insect, urticaria (skin allergy), or the sting of a nettle. Examples include hives and mosquito bites.
Bantu knot-out style
Definition:Knots can be opened and released to create wavy and fuller loose curls.
Tricep
Definition:Large muscle that covers the entire back of the upper arm and extends the forearm.
Latissimus dorsi
Definition:Large, flat, triangular muscle covering the lower back.
logarithm
Definition:Multiples of 10.
forged
Definition:Process of working metal to a finished shape by hammering or pressing.
photothermolysis
Definition:Process that turns the light from a laser device into heat.
Spray-on thermal protector
Definition:Product applied to hair prior to any thermal service to protect the hair from the harmful effects of blowdrying, thermal irons, or electric rollers.
protein conditioner
Definition:Product designed to penetrate the cortex and reinforce the hair shaft from within.
neurology
Definition:Scientific study of the structure, function, and pathology of the nervous system.
neutrons
Definition:Subatomic particles with no charge.
oxidizing agent
Definition:Substance that releases oxygen.
Monilethrix
Definition:Technical term for beaded hair.
infection
Definition:The invasion of body tissues by disease-causing pathogens.
aorta
Definition:The largest artery in the body.
Pheomelanin
Definition:The lighter pigment that provides natural colors ranging from red and ginger to yellow and blond tones.
Form
Definition:The mass or general outline of a hairstyle. It is three-dimensional and has length, width, and depth.
Sebaceous glands
Definition:The oil glands in the skin that are connected to the hair follicles.
hair root
Definition:The part of the hair located below the surface of the epidermis.
Organic chemistry
Definition:The study of substances that contain the element carbon.
Inorganic chemistry
Definition:The study of substances that do not contain the element carbon, but may contain the element hydrogen.
Physiology
Definition:The study of the functions and activities performed by the body's structures.
solvent
Definition:The substance that dissolves the solute and makes a solution.
solute
Definition:The substance that is dissolved in a solution.
Perionychium
Definition:The tissue bordering the root and sides of a fingernail or toenail.
Arteries
Definition:Thick-walled, muscular, flexible tubes that carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the arterioles.
Gel
Definition:Thickened styling preparation that comes in a tube or bottle and creates a strong hold.
bed epithelium
Definition:Thin layer of tissue that attaches the nail plate and the nail bed.
Ribs
Definition:Twelve pairs of bones forming the wall of the thorax.
Symmetrical balance
Definition:Two halves of a style; form a mirror image of one another.
halo braids
Definition:Two or three long, simple, inverted, thick cornrows created around the head. The extended braids are then wrapped and pinned to make a halo effect.
Skip waves
Definition:Two rows of ridge curls, usually on the side of the head.
deionized water
Definition:Water that has had impurities (such as calcium and magnesium and other metal ions that would make a product unstable) removed.
-ology
Definition:Word ending meaning study of.
inlaid designs
Designs inside a nail enhancement.
Tuberculocidal disinfectants
Disinfectants that kill the bacteria that causes tuberculosis.
Couperose
Distended capillaries caused by weakening of the capillary walls.
What is the best piece of advice with regard to exam preparation?
Distribute your studying in the days or weeks before the clients
monomer liquid and polymer powder nail enhancements
Enhancements created by combining monomer liquid and polymer powder.
Coordinate cheek and lip color to complement:
Eye makeup
Special preparations for removing eye makeup:
Eye makeup remover's
Used to add color and sheen to the eyebrows:
Eyebrow pencils and eyebrow powder's
Lifting
Fabric wraps that are slightly smaller than the nail plate prevent the wraps from _____.
Used to create a matte or non-shiny finish:
Face powder
Rosacea
Facial waxing should not be performed in clients with
When determining skin color, you must first decide if the skin is:
Fair, medium, or deep
Simple but effective cosmetic implements used in the ice age:
Flints, oyster shells, bone, animal sinew, and strips of hide.
Double
For booth rental, social security taxes are ___ that of an employee of the salon.
180-240 grit
For natural nail preparation select an abrasive file with
initiators
Found in polymer powder; when activated by a catalyst, will spring into action and cause monomer molecules to permanently link together into long polymer chains.
Also known as base makeup, is a flesh toned cosmetic used to minimize the apprearance of skin imperfections.
Foundation
A makeover session usually beings with:
Foundation application
Trade name
Franchise ownership means that, in exchange for a fee, you operate under the franchiser's ____ ____.
self-leveling gels
Gels that are thinner in consistency than building gels, allowing them to settle and level during application.
bonding gels
Gels used to increase adhesion to the natural nail plate.
In the 1960s Vidal Sassoon did what kinda of hair cuts
Geometric
Chinese royal colors
Gold and silver
Record
Good business operations require a simple and efficient ___ system.
Neutral colors range from taupe, brown, white and:
Gray and black
A heavy makeup primarily use for theatrical because it does not shift during performances:
Greasepaint
Kosmetikos
Greek word meaning skilled in the use of cosmetics
Red is complementary to:
Green
The most popular colored primers are:
Green, lavender, and orange-to-peach
Vermillion is made by
Grinding cinnabar
Hard wax
If the skin under the client's arms is too sensitive, what should be used?
Lease
If you don't own the building in which your salon is located, you must have an agreement between yourself and the building owner called a___.
In the 1920s women's magazines considered cosmetics
Improper
vibration
In massage, the rapid shaking of the body part while the balls of the fingertips are pressed firmly on the point of application.
Required
In the cosmetology industry or service industry, putting clients first is ____.
If it is necessary to use artificial lighting, a combination of __________________ light and ______________ light is conductive.
Incandescent fluorescent
Tips
Income in addition to your regular compensation that must be tracked and reported on tax returns is referred to as?
Wavy
Indian hair is usually ______.
ampoules
Individual doses of serum, sealed in small vials.
Separate artificial eyelashes that are applied to the base of the eyelashes one at a time:
Individual lashes
Marcel Grateau
Invented the first curling iron-tongs heated by a gas burner.
Proper curing bulb
It takes the combination of resin photoinitiator and a _______ to cause the gel to cure
Skin
Keep your ______________ well groomed.
petrissage
Kneading movement performed by lifting, squeezing, and pressing the tissue with a light, firm pressure.
Emotional Stability
Learning how to handle a confrontation and how to share feeling in a professional manner are important indicators of emotional stability.
2000
Light cured gel polish is a relatively new system that evolved in the year
Protection from UV exposure
Light cured gel products are packaged in small opaque pots or squeeze bottles for
LED
Light emitting diode.
effleurage
Light, continuous-stroking massage movement applied with fingers and palms in a slow and rhythmic manner.
Also known as lipstick or lip gloss, is a waxy cosmetic used to enhance the lips:
Lip color
During the Renaissance highly colored preparations of the _ were discouraged
Lips, cheeks and eyes
Foundation comes in different forms, which are:
Liquid, stick, cream, and powder
polypeptide chains
Long chains of amino acids joined together by peptide bonds.
Spiral wrapping technique
Long hair was wound from the scalp to the ends
Wefts
Long strips of human or artificial hair with a threaded edge.
keratin proteins
Long, coiled polypeptide chains.
Face powders come in two forms:
Loose and pressed
Look for double crimping, or ring, around the ferrule to ensure the handle won't:
Loosen
massage creams
Lubricants used to make the skin slippery during massage.
Appearance, Personality, and Poise
Many salon owners view ____________, ______________, and _______________ as being just as important as technical knowledge and skill.
Cosmic preparation used to darken, define, and thicken the eyelashes:
Mascara
Used to apply miscarriage on a client; generally disposable so as to ensure proper hygiene.
Mascara wands
cream masks
Masks often containing oils and emollients as well as humectants; have a strong moisturizing effect.
relaxation
Massage given during manicure and pedicures focuses on:
chucking
Massage movement accomplished by grasping the flesh firmly in one hand and moving the hand up and down along the bone while the other hand keeps the arm or leg in a steady position.
slapping
Massage movement in which the wrists are kept flexible so that the palms come in contact with the skin in light, firm, and rapid strokes, one hand after the other, causing a slight lifting of the flesh.
Salon managers must have an aptitude for
Math and accounting and be able to read documents such as profit and loss statements they should understand marketing including the roles of advertising public relations and promotions and what makes these programs successful
A non-shiny finish:
Matte
Roman women with blonde hair were part of the _ social class
Middle class
color blocking
Nail art technique that blocks or sections off color on the nail.
odorless monomer liquid and polymer powder products
Nail enhancement products that have little odor; must be used with a dry mix ratio (equal parts liquid and powder in bead).
Which of the following products can harbor and support the growth of pathogenic microbes?
Nail oil
Metal implements with a groove edge used for filing and smoothing the edges of the nail plate:
Nail rasp
What type of salon features management and marketing professionals at the corporate headquarters making all the decisions for each salon, such as size, decor, hours, services, prices, advertising, and profit targets?
National chain
Distributor sales consultants provide information about:
New products new trends and new techniques
As students you must never forget that
No matter what path you choose you control your own destiny by developing your skills in the specialties that interest you
Roman women with red hair were part of the _ social class
Noble
emollients
Oil or fatty ingredients that prevent moisture from leaving the skin.
clay-based masks
Oil-absorbing cleansing masks that have an exfoliating effect and an astringent effect on oily and combination skin, making large pores temporarily appear smaller.
Five to ten
On a business timeline, expansion of services and locations would take place in ___ to ___ years.
An ___________ would be considered a warm natural.
Orange-brown
The __________ face is approximately three fourths as wide as it is long.
Oval
straight rods
Perm rods that are equal in diameter along their entire length or curling area. M: not convex
concave rods
Perm rods that have a smaller diameter in the center that increases to a larger diameter on the ends.
These ingredients (oil and water) act as spreading agents and help suspend various _______________ like titanium dioxide and iron dioxide.
Pigments
Sarah Breedlove was a
Pioneer in the modern African-American hair care and cosmetics industry
polymer powder
Powder in white, clear, pink, and many other colors that is combined with monomer liquid to form the nail enhancement.
May be made of Valore or cotton and are used to apply and blend powder, foundation, or powder blush.
Powder puffs
lanthionization
Process by which hydrogen relaxers permanently straighten hair; they remove a sulfur atom from a disulfide bond and convert it into a lanthionine bond. M: hair relaxed permanently
nail oils
Products designed to absorb into the nail plate to increase flexibility and into the surrounding skin to soften.
exfoliants
Products that help bring about exfoliation.
moisturizers
Products that help increase the moisture content of the skin surface.
toenail clippers
Professional implements that are larger than fingernail clippers and have a curved or straight haw specifically designed for cutting toenail.
grit
Refers to how many grains of sand are on the file per square inch.
base placement
Refers to the position of the rod in relation to its base section; base placement is determined by the angle at which the hair is wrapped.
transmit positive energy
Reflexology practitioners believe that pressing certain reflex points on the feet
Strength and durability
Regardless of whether a client is interested in wearing long, medium, or short nails, she may decide to have nail tips applied over her natural nails for
no-base relaxers
Relaxers that do not require application of a protective base cream.
base relaxers
Relaxers that require the application of protective base cream to the entire scalp prior to the application of the relaxer.
Greeks used cosmetics as part of their _
Religious ceremonies
electrolysis
Removal of hair by means of an electric current that destroys the root of the hair.
Clean, dry, disinfected nail brush
Remove dust from the natural nail plate with a _____.
Re-booking
Scheduling clients for their next appointment before they leave the salon is known as what?
microdermabrasion scrubs
Scrubs that contains aluminum oxide crystals.
motility
Self-movement
toenail nippers
Similar is design to fingernail nippers, but are larger, much stronger, and use to trim the toenail as opposed to trimming the excess cuticle
There are three main factors to consider when choosing colors for your client:
Skin color, eye color, hair color
Expression lines abs wrinkles can be minimized with:
Skin primer and foundation
Choose the foundation formula based on the clients:
Skin type
curette
Small scoop-shaped implements used for more effective removal of debris from the nail folds, eponychium, and hyponychium
Hairpiece
Small wig used to cover the top or crown of the head, or a hair attachment of some sort.
Toupee
Small wig used to cover the top or crown of the head.
Problem solver
Someone who recognizes and resolves difficult situations constructively is what?
A tool was a wide, flat base; used to remove make up from containers.
Spatulas
dappen dish
Special container that holds monomer liquid and polymer powder.
paraffin wax masks
Specially prepared facial masks containing paraffin and other beneficial ingredients; typically used with treatment cream.
Used to apply shadow and lip color or to blend eyeliner; maybe is damp to intensify eyeshadow color.
Sponge tip shadow applicators
Available in a variety of sizes and shapes, including wedges in circles, and work well to apply and blend foundation, cream or powder blush, pressed powder, or concealer.
Sponges
The pole of the barber pole is believed to represent the
Staff that patients held tightly to make the veins in their arms stand out during the procedure
Queen Nefertiti did:
Stain her nails red with henna Wore lavish makeup Used custom essential oils
base sections
Subsections of panels into which the hair is divided for perm wrapping; one rod is normally placed on each base section.
________________ clients can greatly affect the salon flow, causing setbacks in the appointment calendar as well as making stylists late for other services.
Tardy
What civilization used facials first?
The Romans
Marketing
The ___ plan outlines all research obtained regarding the clients your business will target.
Vision
The ___ statment is a long term picture of what the business is to become and what it will look like.
Organizational
The ____ plan outlines managment levels and describes how the business will be run.
Bonding Method
The _______ involves attaching hair wefts or single strands with an adhesive or glue.
Double-lock stitch
The _______ is a sewing stitch is which the thread is wound around the needle twice.
pH
The abbreviation used for potential hydrogen. pH represents the quantity of hydrogen ions.
microtrama
The act of causing tiny unseen opening in the skin that can allow entry by pathogenic microbes
nail extension underside
The actual underside of the nail extension.
Opacity
The amount of colored pigment concentration in a gel is called
opacity
The amount of colored pigment concentration in a gel, making it more or less difficult to see through.
mix ratio
The amount of monomer liquid and polymer powder used to create a bead.
Cosmetology
The art and science of beautifying and improving the skin, nails, and hair and includes the study of cosmetics and their application.
Charles revson used formulas borrowed from what industry
The automotive industry
The red and white stripes of the barber pole represent
The bandages that stop the bleeding and were hung out on the pole to dry
stem
The basic question or problem
Light
The difference between light cured gels is the type of photoinitiator used in the formula and the measure of _____ to which that photoinitiator responds to
OSHA
The federal agency that requires that the ingredients of cosmetic preparations be available to employees is ____
eye makeup remover
The first step in tweezing the eyebrows is to cleanse the eyelid area with cotton balls moistened with gentle
Heat
The fusion method of extensions requires that the bonding material be activated with _____.
massage
The manipulation of the soft tissues of the body
lamp wattage
The measure of how much electricity the bulb consumes.
viscosity
The measurement of the thickness or thinness of a liquid and how the fluid flows.
viscosity
The measurement of thickness or thinness of a liquid that affects how the fluid flows.
element
The simplest form of chemical matter; an element cannot be broken down into a simpler substance without a loss of identity.
mild cleanser
The skin should be thoroughly prepared for a waxing service with a ----______
Profits
The sole proprietor assumes expenses, recieves ____, and bears all losses of the business.
inhibition layer
The tacky surface left on the nail after a light cured gel has cured.
hirsuties
The technical term for an unusual amount of hair on parts of the body normally bearing only downy hair is called
Aromatherapy
The therapeutic use of plant aromas for beauty and health treatment.
four to six
The time between waxing services is generally about _________________ weeks.
Corporation
The type of ownership in which stockholdrs share profits is called ____.
The Middle Ages used
Towering head dresses
Filed off the natural nail
Traditional gels also known as hard UV or LED gels cannot be removed with a solvent and must be
Urethane methacrylate
Traditionally light cured gels relied on urethane acrylate newer gel systems use
Natural Boar
Traditionally, brushes made with ______ bristles have been regarded as best for use on human hair.
hydroxide relaxers
Very strong alkalis with a pH over 13; the hydroxide ion is the active ingredient in all hydroxide relaxers.
What is one way to determine the type of market that a salon serves?
Watch the salon's advertising
Water-based meaning:
Water in oil
Stress strips
What are small pieces of fabric used to strengthen a weak point in the nail or repair a crack?
Photoinitiator
What chemical initiates the polymerization reaction
Between solid and liquid
What is the composition oligomers?
Salary
What is the most reliable method of compensation for a new salon professional?
Up selling
What is the practice of recommending and selling additional services to clients?
A depilatory
What is the preparation used for the temporary removal of superfluous hair by dissolving it at the skin level.
Unit wattage
What measures how much electricity a UV or LED bulb consumes and emits
Nail wrap resin
What product is used to coat and secure fabric wraps to the natural nail and nail tip?
UV gel lamp
What specialized electronic device powers and controls UV bulbs to cure UV gel nail enhancements
Apply cuticle oil
What step would be performed last in a four—week fabric wrap maintenance?
Maintenance
What term describes when a nail enhancement needs to be serviced after two or more weeks from the initial application of the nail enhancement product?
High heels
Working in _____________________ can throw off the body's balance.
Supporting
____ documents include the owners resume, personal financial information, legal contracts and agreements.
Wrap resin accelerator
_____, also known as activator, acts as the dryer that speeds up the hardening process of the wrap resin or adhesive overlay.
Urethane; urethane
______ acrylate and _______ methacrylate are the main ingredients used alone or in combination with urethane acrylates to create light cured gel nail enhancements
Good Posture
_____________________ is a very important part of your physical presentation. Conveys confidence.
manicure
a cosmetic treatment of the hands involving cutting, shaping, and often painting of the nails, removal of the cuticles, and softening of the skin.
when applying makeup to go to work, it is best to?
accentuate your best features
The key to a happy and productive life is
achieving balance
Type of primer that is corrosive to the skin and potentially dangerous to the eyes?
acid based
the term _____________ means back of lipids, and describes skin that does not product enough sebum, indicated by the absence of visible pores.
alipidic
What are gentle, naturally occurring acids that remove dead skin cells by dissolving the bonds and intercellular cement between the cells, and promoting skin that is smoother and more hydrated?
alpha hydroxy acids
Mask
also known as a masque
patch test
also known as a predisposition test; test required by the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act for identifying a possible allergy in a client
hair lightening
also known as bleaching; chemical process involving the diffusion of the natural hair pigment or artificial color from the hair
activators
also known as boosters, protinators, or accelerators; powdered persulfate salts added to hair color to increase its lightening ability
metallic hair colors
also known as gradual haircolors; haircolors containing metal salts that change hair color gradually by progressive buildup and exposure to air creating a dull, metallic appearance
tone
also known as hue; balance of the color
double-process application
also known as two step coloring; coloring technique requiring two separate procedures in which the hair is prelightened before the depositing color is applied to the hair
contributing pigment
also known as undertone; the varying degrees of warmth exposed during a permanent color or lightening process
natural haircolors
also known as vegetable hair colors; colors, such as henna, obtained from the leaves or bark of plants
Foundation will contain _____________ or some other drying agent to help the product set quickly when applied to the skin to produce and matte, non-shiny finish.
aluminum
Concentrated products designed to penetrate the skin and sealed in a small container are referred to as ___________
ampoules
Physical presentation is an important aspect of professional image and includes all the following except?
an optimistic attitude
hairdresser
another term for cosmetologist or hairstylist.
pedicure carts
are designed to keep supplies organized
When you meet an older client for the first time, you should _________________________________________.
ask how the client wishes to be adddressed
Apply nail polish in two coats over the _____________.
base coat
When bringing issues or problems to your supervisor or salon manager, it is important to _______________________________.
be a problem solver
One important golden rule of communication for building a successful beauty industry career is to _____________________________.
be aware of your body language
creative capability guidelines
be positive, look around for creative inspiration, improve your vocabulary, surround yourself with others who share your passion.
An oil manicure is a recommended treatment for: ______________
brittle nails
Action Steps for Success
build self-esteem, visualize success, build on your strengths, be kind to yourself, stay true to yourself, practice new behaviors, keep personal life separate from work, keep your energy up, respect others, stay productive
If a client is revealing increasingly personal details, one recommended strategy is that you _______________ or find a reason to excuse yourself, and when you return, change the subject or suggest a mini relaxation service.
change the subject
all facial treatments should begin with a ___________
client consultation
Good communication skills reduce potential workplace _______________________.
conflict
To accurately interpret the clients beauty concerns, each session must start with a:
consultation
A ____________ color is darker than the client skin tone.
contour
If a green contains more blue it is:
cool
Personal Hygiene
daily maintance of cleanliness by practicing good sanitising habits
If the foundation color is too _________, it would look muddy and uneven.
dark
Used prior to applying nail enhancements to remove surface moisture from the nails.
dehydrator
Use a sponge, your fingertips, or a brush to blend the foundation from the center of the face outward, using short _____________ strokes.
downward
basic steps to properly disinfect a foot spa after each pedicure service in ca:
drain and remove water and contaminant, clean surfaces disinfect with approved disinfectant rinse and dry:
Equal amounts of monomer liquid and polymer powder are used to create a:
dry bead
A light continuous movement applied with fingers and palms in a slow, rhythmic manner without pressure is known as ______________
effleurage
Galvanic and high frequency treatment are types of ___________, which is the use of electrical currents to treat the skin.
electrotherapy
A vital tool used in securing employment is the ____________
employment portfolio
Diplomas, awards, and achievements, your resume, and before and after pictures of your services should be in your _____________
employment portfolio
Manufactures also incorporate ______________ agents to bind the oil, water, and pigments together.
emulsifying
A type of chemical exfoliation product is ___________
enzyme peels
color fillers
equalize porosity and deposit color in one application to provide a uniform contributing pigment on prelightened hair
all permanent tools used to perform nail services that are not implements.some permanent equipment for performing pedicure is different from that ones used in manicure
equipment
The science of "fitting the job to the person" is called?
ergonomics
Aromatherapy refers to the therapeutic use of _______ or plant aromas for beauty and health treatments
essential oils
The monomer liquid liquid portion consists of:
ethyl methacrylate
Make sure the light always shines directly and __________ on the face.
evenly
The term that refers to the removal of excess dead cells from the skin surface is _____________
exfoliation
Lip color must complement the clients hair and _______ color as well as current fashion trends.
eye
Which cleansers contain surfactants (detergents) that cause the product to foam and rinse-off easily, and are generally recommended for combination or oilier skin types?
foaming cleansers
To increase blood circulation to the feet try?
foot massage
Choosing the correct color of _________________ is the first step in the application process.
foundation
equipment, implements, materials, professional pedicure products
four types of nail technology tools that you use into pedicure:
Among the recent ergonomic improvements to the salon workplace are?
free standing shampoo bowls
An enzyme peel in which a cream is applied to the skin and forms a hardened crust that is then massaged or rolled off the skin is called _______________
gommage
Selena takes pride in her work and is committed to constantly doing a good job for her clients, employer, and salon team. What characteristics best describe her?
good work ethic
You may want to schedule clients who are _________________ late for the last appointment of the day or ask them to arrive earlier than their actual appointment time.
habitually
Use of the wrists and outer edges of hands in fast, light, firm, flexible motions against the skin in alternate succession is called _____________
hacking
cosmetology services are generally limited to the scalp, face, neck, shoulders, upper chest, back, feet, lower legs, and _________
hands and arms
beeswax
hard and soft wax products are made primarily of resins and _________________________________
Establishing a routine for sleep, meals, and other daily requirements is?
helpful in reducing stress
I subtle colors are generally referred to as:
highlight, base, and contour colors.
foil technique
highlighting technique that involves coloring selected strands of hair by slicing or weaving out sections and putting them into foils, applying lightener or permanent haircolor and then sealing in foil or plastic wrap
Most types of hyperpigmentation or dark blotches of color, are caused by sun exposure or ______________
hormone imbalances
two
how many types of toenail clippers are there:
What is good advice to follow when preparing to visit a salon?
if possible, confirm the appointment via e-mail the day before
refuse service and refer to physician
if the client has a nail fungus, you should:
When you perform nail services, you use a multi-use or disposable tools called ___________.
implements
The base coat creates a colorless layer on the natural nail that _______.
improves adhesion of polish
bulb
in laser hair removal, a laser beam is pulsed on the skin, impairing the hair ___________________________-
45 to 50 minutes
in order to be on time you must be polishing ____ after beginning a one an hour service:
pedicure station
includes a comfortable chair with an armrest and footrest for the client and an ergonomic chair for the cosmetologist
friction
incorporates various strokes that manipulate or press one layer of tissue over another
During the Victorian age, women pinched their cheeks and bit their lips to:
induce natural color rather than use cosmetics
While 3-d nail art describes any art that protrudes from the nail, ________________ are placed inside a nail enhancement by sandwiching the art between two layers of product while the enhancement is forming.
inlaid design
The document also known as a client questionnaire, consultation card or health history form is the client ____________________________.
intake form
An individual who is committed to a strong code of moral and artistic values is said to have __________
integrity
tertiary color
intermediate color achieved by combining a secondary color and its neighboring primary color in equal parts
What is the best kind of motivation?
internal
_______________ is the process of using galvanic current to enable water soluble products that contain ions to penetrate the skin
iontophoresis
masque
is a concentrated treatment product often composed of mineral clays, moisturizing agents, skin softeners, aromatherapy oils,botanical extracts, and other beneficial ingredients to cleanse, exfoliate, tighten, tone hydrate and nourish the skin
Foot file
large, abrasive file used to smooth and reduce thicker areas of callus:
Effective human relations and communication skills build ________________, accelerate professional growth, and promote a positive work environment.
lasting client relationships
on the scalp ligtheners
lighteners that can be used directly on the scalp by mixing the lightener with activators
cap technique
lightening technique that involves pulling clean strands of hair through a perforated cap with a thin plastic or metal hook
When hiding a blemish, avoid applying a color _____________ than your client skin tone as this will draw attention to the area being concealed.
lighter
Adequate and flattering ______________ is essential for both a consultation and the application portions of the makeup process.
lighting
You'll find that ______________ effects how well you execute the procedure.
lighting
There should be no obvious __________________________ where the foundation begins and ends.
line of demarcation
Cream foundation is considerably thicker than a:
liquid
reverse highlighting
low lights; technique of coloring strands of hair darker than the natural color
As a cosmetologist spending a great deal of time on your feet, proper foot care will help you?
maintain good posture
integrity
maintain your integrity by aligning your behavior and actions to your values,
In handling a client who is dissatisfied with a service, the ultimate goal is to ___________________________________.
make the client happy and so they will return for future services
The term poly means:
many
the manual or mechanical manipulation of the body by various movements to increase metabolism and circulation, promote absorption and relieve pain is ___________
massage
What is used to achieve good slip during a massage?
massage cream
When choosing a salon, it is important to select one that serves clientele who ___________________
match the type that you want to serve
Masks that contain special crystals of gypsum that harden when mixed with cold water immediately before application are ___________
modelage mask
___________ are products that help increase the moisture content of the skin surface and help diminish the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles.
moisturizers
Substance made up of many small molecules that are not attached to one another
monomer
The _______ in nail enhancements is represented by the liquid.
monomer
Every muscle has a _______ point which is the point over the muscle where pressure or stimulation will cause contraction of the muscle
motor
Removing nail enhancements with a nipper may perpetuate a lifting problem and can damage the:
nail plate
A _________ skintone contains equal elements of warm and cool.
neutral
For nail salon-related applications, gloves made of __________ work best.
nitrile polymer powder
semi-permanant hair color
no lift, deposit only haircolor that is NOT mixed with peroxide and is formulated to last through several shampoos
When removing nail polish from nails with wrap resins, a ______________ product is recommended.
non-acetone
cleansing masks
non-foaming lotion cleansers designed to cleanse dry and sensitive skin types and remove makeup
Steam the face mildly with warm, moist towels or with a facial steamer in order to _________________
open the skin pores
Latisse is only available through:
physicians
As an added service in a manicure, a hand massage may be given before ___________.
polish
Used to enhance the adhesion of nail enhancements.
primer
presoftening
process of treating gray or very resistant hair to allow better penetration
What is achieved through light but firm, slow rhythmic movements, or very slow, light hand vibrations over the motor points for a short time?
relaxation
After an oil manicure, before a base coat is applied, you must _________.
remove all traces of oil
In order to feel refreshed and eager to face the workday, it's important to?
renew yourself with relaxation
One of the functions of a top coat or sealer is to make the nail polish ___________.
resistant to chipping
As you interact and communicate with fellow coworkers, remember to treat everyone with ________________.
respect
_________________ is chronic hereditary disorder that can be indicated by constant or frequent facial blushing and appears other with dilated capillaries and diffuse redness.
rosacea
For use with monomer and polymer products the best brushes are composed of:
sable hair
weekly
scaly feet commonly require__________ treatment in the salon
Monomer liquid and polymer powder nail enhancements are also known as _________ nails.
sculptured
toners
semipermanent, demipermanent, and permanent hair color products that are used primarily on prelightened hair to achieve pale and delicate colors
As you interact and communicate with coworkers, you should be honest and _________________________.
sensitive
Gather permanent information about the client, including skin condition, and make note of any skin:
sensitivities
Record client information on a:
service record card
The area of the side of the nail plate that runs from the cuticle to the end of the nail extension.
sidewall
The first step in preparing for employment is to complete a _________
skills inventory
The body's largest organ is the?
skin
The nail shape that is straight across with no rounding at the edges is known as __________.
square
pedicure foot bath made of
stainless steel basin to an outomatic whirlpool that warms and massages the client's feet
paraffin wax
stimulate circulation
intensity
strength of hair color
Ergonomics
study of how a work place can best be designed for comfort, safety, efficency, and productivity
An antibacterial product found to be beneficial in reducing the production of sebum is _________
sulfur
law of color
system for understanding color relationships
level system
system that colorists use to determine the lightness or darkness of a hair color
If you wait until you graduate to look for a job, you are likely to ____________________
take the first offer
Blend the concealer by ____________ with the ring finger or sponge.
tapping
washable and reusable mitts available for both hands and feet, are placed over a client;s feet after a penetrating conditioning product and plastic cover have been applied
terry cloth mitts
must be comfortable
the chair of the cosmetologist uses when performing a pedicure :
The ability to understand people is _______________ to operating effectively in many industries.
the key
polish
the last step when giving a pedicure service:
The foundation of good personal grooming includes?
the latest styles
threading
the manipulation of cotton thread that is twisted and rolled along the surface of the skin, entwining the hair in the thread and lifting it from the follicle, is know as ___________________________
The most important test-taking strategy is to know ____________
the material
hair color
the natural color of the hair
Pleasing tone of voice
the tone of your voice is a personality trait, but if your natural voice is harsh or if you tend to mumble, you can consciously improve by speaking more softly or more clearly.
level
the unit of measurement used to identify the lightness or darkness of a haircolor
reflexology
the use of compression massage on designated areas on the hands and feet
the care of feet
the word pedicure means :
made of foam rubber or cotton and used to keep toes apart while polishing the nails:
toe separators
holding the toes apart
toe separators are used for:
When you help the client select a hairstyle that is reflective of her body shape and entire lifestyle, you are subscribing to the __________________ concept.
total look
To avoid injury, you should avoid leaning forward or stretching to reach your client's feet:
true
Vigorous or strong massage techniques should be avoided on clients with sensitive or redness-prone skin:
true
clients with scaly feet should be sent to a podiatrist to define whether the scaly condition is cause by a fungus
true
pedicure can cause more damage to clients than manicure
true
To earn a client's ______________ and loyalty, be consistent by always having a positive attitude.
trust
When selecting concealer, be sure that it is no more than _________ shades lighter than your clients skin.
two
To create a high shine on the nails, use a _________________.
two/three-way buffer
Lips can be full, or thin, and are usually:
uneven
paraffin bath
use for relaxation and the warmth to enable penetration of product.
hot stones
used in pedicure not manicures they can be incorporate into manicure. hot stones for pedicures are usually upscale service includes massage of the feet and legs.stone are not hot they're merely comfortably warm/
If a green contains more yellow, it is interpreted as being:
warm
Cleansing cream is removed from the skin with tissues, moist cotton pads, facial sponges, or __________
warm, moist towels
All stainless steel implements must be __________________ after they are used and before they are placed in disinfectant.
washed with soap/water
Eye makeup removers are either:
water based or oil based
Foundations are either considered to be:
water-based for oil based
exfoliating scrubs
water-based lotions that contain a mild, gritty-like abrasive and moisturizer to help in removing dry, flaky skin and reduce calluses
excessive rubbing with exfoliating scrub
what can cause bleeding during a pedicure:
reduction of heat sensitivity
what is not a benefit of paraffin wax;
disinfectant
what should never be placed in the foot bath with the client feet:
In the 1990s
when was when pedicure exploded on to service menus and became the fastest-growing service in the industry
any kind of razor
which implement cannot be used to remove calluses:
steel file
which implements cannot be used during a pedicure in California
What is an example of a disposable implement used in nail services?
wooden pushers
_________________ is a vigorous movement in which your hands are placed a little distance apart on both sides of the clients are or leg. while working downward, a twisting motion is applied against the bones in the opposite direction .
wringing
Aerobics exercise, which improves heart function, includes all the following except?
yoga
The best time to do field research by visiting salons is to _____________
you are still a student
Image of the Salon
your professional image should match
communication
your responsibility to behave ethically extends to your communications with customers and coworkers.
Turned Hair
"Remi hair" ; the root end of every single strand is sewn into the base, so that the cuticles of all hair strands move in the same direction: down.
Capless wigs
"caps"; machine-made from human or artificial hair which is woven into rows of wefts. Wefts are sewn to elastic strips in a circular pattern to fit the head shape.
Hand-tied wigs
"hand-knotted wigs"; wigs made by inserting individual strands of hair into mesh foundations and knotting them with a needle.
Lamps attached to a manicure table should have a bulb of ____________ watts.
40 to 60
It is recommended that you allow how much time in your schedule to do the client consultation?
5-15 minutes
alkali
A caustic ___________________________ preparation is used for the temporary removal of superfluous hair by dissolving it at the skin surface level.
Sanitizing
A chemical process for reducing the number of disease-causing germs on cleaned surfaces to a safe level.
disinfectant
A chemical that should never be added to the footbath with the client's feet is a:
Employment portfolio
A collection, usually bound, of photos and documents that reflect your skills, accomplishments, and abilities in your chosen career field.
acetone
A colorless, inflammable liquid; miscible with water, alcohol, and ether; and has a sweetish odor or burning taste. It is used as a solvent.
protein hardener
A combination of clear polish and protein, such as collagen.
oval nail
A conservative nail shape that is thought to be attractive on most women's hands. It is similar to a squoval nail with even more rounded corners.
Hairpins
A hair wrap is secured to the client's own hair with ______.
dimethyl urea hardeners
A hardener that adds cross-links to the natural nail plate. Unlike hardeners containing formaldehyde, DMU does not cause adverse skin reactions.
magnifying lamp
A magnifying lens surrounded by a circular light, providing a well-lit, enlarged view of the skin.
urethane methacrylate
A main ingredient used alone or in combination with urethane acrylates to create light cured gel nail enhancements.
two-color method
A method whereby two colors of resin are used to overlay the nail.
Mycobacterium fortuitum
A microscopic germ that normally exists in tap water in small numbers.
shiner
A multi sided buffer (usually 400/1,000/4,000 grit) used to create a high shine on a natural nail or a nail enhancement when no polish will be worn.
nail clippers
A multiuse implement used to shorten the nail plate quickly and efficiently.
metal pusher
A multiuse implement, made of stainless steel; used to push back the eponychium but can also be used to gently scrape cuticle tissue from the natural nail plate.
square nail
A nail shape completely straight across the free edge with no rounding at the outside edges.
squoval nail
A nail shape with a square free edge that is rounded off at the corner edges.
Repair patch
A piece of fabric cut to completely cover a crack or break in a nail is a _____.
extraction
A procedure in which comedones are removed from the follicles by manual manipulation.
Photoepilation
A process called ___ uses intense light to destroy the growth cells of the hair follicles.
chemical hair relaxing
A process or service that rearranges the structure of curly hair into a straighter or smoother form. M: from curly hair to straight hair.
nail nipper
A stainless-steel implement used to carefully trim away dead skin around the nails.
mission statement
A statement that establishes the purpose and values for which an individual or institution lives and works by. It provides a sense of direction by defining guiding principles and clarifying goals, as well as how an organization operates.
Salary
A stockholder of a corporation is required to pay unemployment insurance taxes on _____.
permanent waving
A two-step process whereby the hair undergoes a physical change caused by wrapping the hair on perm rods; the hair undergoes a chemical change caused by the application of permanent waving solution and neutralizer.
Business
A written plan that describes a business and foresees projections for the next 5 years is a ____ plan.
Aerosol
Activators come in several different forms: brush-on bottle, pump spray-on, and _____.
threading
Also known as banding; temporary hair removal method that involves twisting and rolling cotton thread along the surface of the skin, entwining the hair in the thread, and lifting it from the follicle.
loop rod
Also known as circle rod; tool that is usually about 12 inches long with a uniform diameter along the entire length of the rod. M: perm rods
alkaline waves
Also known as cold waves; they have a pH between 9.0 and 9.6, use ammonium thioglycolate (ATG) as the reducing agent, and process at room temperature without the addition of heat.
color fading
Also known as color graduation, this nail art technique is when one color fades into the other, and the meeting point is a combination of the two.
polymerization
Also known as curing or hardening; chemical reaction that creates polymers.
single-use implements
Also known as disposable implements; implements that cannot be reused and must be thrown away after a single use.
peptide bonds
Also known as end bonds; chemical bonds that join amino acids together, end-to-end in long chains, to form polypeptide chains.
end papers
Also known as end wraps; absorbent papers used to control the ends of the hair when wrapping and winding hair on perm rods. M: papers used to control ends of hair when perming.
toners
Also known as fresheners or astringents; lotions that help rebalance the pH and remove remnants of cleanser from the skin.
Humectants
Also known as hydrators or water-binding agents; ingredients that attract water.
enzyme peels
Also known as keratolytic enzymes or protein-dissolving agents; a type of chemical exfoliant that works by dissolving keratin protein in the surface cells of the skin.
masks
Also known as masques; concentrated treatment products often composed of mineral clays, moisturizing agents, skin softeners, aromatherapy oils, botanical extracts and other beneficial ingredients to cleanse, exfoliate, tighten, tone, hydrate, and nourish the skin.
tapotement
Also known as percussion; movements consisting of short, quick tapping, slapping, and hacking movements.
double-rod wrap
Also known as piggyback wrap; a wrap technique whereby extra-long hair is wrapped on one rod from the scalp midway down the hair shaft, and another rod is used to wrap the remaining hair strand in the same direction. M: Piggyback perm
chain reaction
Also known as polymerization reaction; process that joins together monomers to create very long polymer chains.
base cream
Also known as protective base cream; oily cream used to protect the skin and scalp during hair relaxing.
multiuse implements
Also known as reusable implements; implements that are generally stainless steel because they must be properly cleaned and disinfected between clients.
glossing gel
Also known as sealing gel, finishing gel, or shine gel; these gels are used over the finished light cured gel application to create a high shine.
soft UV and LED gels
Also known as soakable gels; these gels are removed by soaking in acetone.
basic permanent wrap
Also known as straight set wrap; perm wrapping in which all the rods within panel move in the same direction and are positioned on equal-sized bases; all the base sections are horizontal, and are the same length and width as the perm rod. M: straight back perm wrap.
hard UV and LED gels
Also known as traditional UV and LED gels; gels that cannot be removed with a solvent and must be filed off the natural nail.
Write a draft job description and share it with her manager
Azalea fines for self working at a salon that does not have job descriptions. What is the best approach for her to take in the situation?
Which item should be included in your employment portfolio?
Before and after photos
Coloring matter used by ancient peoples:
Berries, tree bark, minerals, insects, nuts, herbs, leaves and others.
Chinese people wore what colors on their nails
Black or red
_________ eyes are neutral and can wear any color.
Brown
Small
Brushes that are used to hold and spread the gel should be
Is not necessary
Buffing after surface filing
Correct
Business records are only of value if they are concise, ___, and complete.
A corrective make a technique used to conceal scars, burns, and pigmentation issues ranging from vitiligo to tattoos:
Camouflaging
one-colored method
Clients who wish to wear colored polish over nail enhancements should use the
Effective communication skills
Commit to practicing effective communication through active listening, non-verbal, and verbal skills.
small scoop-shaped implements used for more efficient removal of debris from the nail folds, eponychium:
Curette
Lock stich
Cut a length of the thread that is double the length of the weft being sewn. Pass the needle through the weft to connect it to the tract pull the thread through to creat a loop
Crack
Cutting nail tips with a nail tip cutter will cause the nail tip to weaken and _____.
Egyptian Kings and Queens wore what color on their nails
Deep red
friction
Deep rubbing movement requiring pressure on the skin with the fingers or palm while moving them over an underlying structure.
Hepatitis
Definition:A bloodborne virus that causes disease and can damage the liver.
cell membrane
Definition:A cell part that encloses the protoplasm and permits soluble substances to enter and leave the cell.
chemical change
Definition:A change in the chemical composition or make-up of a substance.
physical change
Definition:A change in the form or physical properties of a substance without a chemical reaction or the creation of a new substance.
pure substance
Definition:A chemical combination of matter in definite (fixed) proportions.
molecule
Definition:A chemical combination of two or more atoms in definite (fixed) proportions.
Disinfection (disinfecting)
Definition:A chemical process that destroys most, but not necessarily all, harmful organisms on environmental surfaces. The pathogens of concern in the cosmetology industry are effectively destroyed by the disinfection process, which is required in all states.
oxidation
Definition:A chemical reaction that combines a substance with oxygen to produce an oxide.
Chignon
Definition:A classic updo designed around a ponytail; a technique used in formal hairstyling.
Tissue
Definition:A collection of similar cells that perform a particular function.
chromophore
Definition:A color component within the skin such as blood or melanin.
thioglycolic acid
Definition:A colorless liquid or white crystals with a strong unpleasant odor that is used in permanent waving solutions
Protoplasm
Definition:A colorless, jelly-like substance found inside cells in which food elements such as proteins, fats, carbohydrates, mineral salts, and water are present.
inflammation
Definition:A condition in which the body reacts to injury, irritation, or infection; characterized by redness, heat, pain, and swelling.
Hangnail
Definition:A condition in which the living tissue surrounding the nail plate splits or tears.
joint
Definition:A connection between two or more bones of the skeleton.
Scabies
Definition:A contagious skin disease that is caused by the itch mite, which burrows under the skin.
superficial temporal artery
Definition:A continuation of the external carotid nerve artery; supplies blood to the muscles of the front, side, and top of the head.
Surfactants
Definition:A contraction of surface active agents; substances that allow oil and water to mix, or emulsify.
Fissure
Definition:A crack in the skin that penetrates the dermis. Examples are severely cracked and/or chapped hands or lips.
root curl
Definition:A curl pattern that creates volume of hair, movement, and a curl formation from roots to ends.
twist-out
Definition:A double-stranded twist set is unravel and opened to create a spirally, full-crimped effect.
sebum
Definition:A fatty or oily secretion that lubricates the skin and preserves the softness of the hair.
sebum
Definition:A fatty or oily substance secreted by the sebaceous glands that lubricates the skin.
keratin
Definition:A fibrous protein that grows from cells originating within the hair follicle.
Desincrustation
Definition:A form of anaphoresis; process used to soften and emulsify grease deposits (oil) and blackheads in the hair follicles.
tinea capitis
Definition:A fungal infection of the scalp characterized by red papules, or spots, at the opening of the hair follicles.
Single lines
Definition:A hairstyle with only one line, such as the one-length hairstyle.
sebaceous cyst
Definition:A large, protruding pocket-like lesion filled with sebum. Sebaceous cysts are frequently seen on the scalp and the back and may be surgically removed by a dermatologist.
polypeptide chain
Definition:A long chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds.
lesion
Definition:A mark on the skin; may indicate an injury or damage that changes the structure of tissues or organs.
Virus
Definition:A parasitic submicroscopic particle that infects and resides in cells of biological organisms.
physical mixture
Definition:A physical combination of matter in any proportion.
temper
Definition:A process used to condition a new brass pressing comb so that it heats evenly.
Epithelial tissue
Definition:A protective covering on body surfaces, such as skin, mucous membranes, the tissue inside the mouth, the lining of the heart, digestive and respiratory organs, and the glands.
Rhythm
Definition:A regular pulsation or recurrent pattern of movement in a design.
tinea pedis
Definition:A ringworm fungus of the foot.
twisting
Definition:A rope effect on individual sections of hair made with a double stranded twist technique done by overlapping two strand sections of hair, to form a candy cane effect.
skin tag
Definition:A small brown-colored or flesh-colored outgrowth of the skin.
Nodule
Definition:A solid bump larger than 0.4 inches (1 centimeter) that can be easily felt.
alkaline solution
Definition:A solution that has a pH above 7.0 (neutral).
Esthetician
Definition:A specialist in the cleansing, beautification, and preservation of the health of skin on the entire body, including the face and neck.
solution
Definition:A stable physical mixture of two or more substances.
reducing agent
Definition:A substance that adds hydrogen to a chemical compound or subtracts oxygen from the compound.
tinea barbae
Definition:A superficial fungal infection caused by a variety of dermatophytes that commonly affects the skin. It is primarily limited to the bearded areas of the face and neck or around the scalp. A person with this condition may have deep, inflamed or non-inflamed patches of skin on the face or the nape of the neck.
overhand technique
Definition:A technique in which the first side section goes over the middle one, then the other side section goes over the middle strand.
Hair wrapping
Definition:A technique used to keep curly hair smooth and straight.
coil comb technique
Definition:A technique with individual formations of cylindrical coils used to create coil styles or locks. This method involves placing the comb at the base of the scalp and, with a rotating motion, spiraling the hair into a coil. With each revolution, the comb moves down until it reaches the end of the hair shaft.
Diagonal back
Definition:A type of diagonal line that creates movement away from the face.
Diagonal forward
Definition:A type of diagonal line that creates movement toward the face.
Mildew
Definition:A type of fungus that affects plants or grows on inanimate objects, but does not cause human infections in the salon.
eumelanin
Definition:A type of melanin that is dark brown to black in color. People with dark-colored skin mostly produce eumelanin. There are two types of melanin; the other type is pheomelanin.
pheomelanin
Definition:A type of melanin that is red to yellow in color. People with light-colored skin mostly produce pheomelanin. There are two types of melanin; the other type is eumelanin.
salt bond
Definition:A weak, physical, cross-link side bond between adjacent polypeptide chains.
hydrogen bond
Definition:A weak, physical, cross-link side bond that is easily broken by water or heat.
ampere
Definition:Abbreviated A and also known as amp (AMP); unit that measures the strength of an electric current.
Alternating current
Definition:Abbreviated AC; rapid and interrupted current, flowing first in one direction and then in the opposite direction; produced by mechanical means and changes directions 60 times per second.
Allergic contact dermatitis
Definition:Abbreviated ACD; an allergy to an ingredient or a chemical, usually caused by repeated skin contact with the chemical.
Alpha hydroxy acids (AHAs)
Definition:Abbreviated AHAs; acids derived from plants (mostly fruit) that are often used to exfoliate the skin.
autonomic nervous system (ANS)
Definition:Abbreviated ANS; the part of the nervous system that controls the involuntary muscles; regulates the action of the smooth muscles, glands, blood vessels, heart, and breathing.
central nervous system (CNS)
Definition:Abbreviated CNS; consists of the brain, spinal cord, spinal nerves, and cranial nerves.
Direct current
Definition:Abbreviated DC; constant, even-flowing current that travels in one direction only and is produced by chemical means.
human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
Definition:Abbreviated HIV; virus that causes acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS).
Irritant contact dermatitis
Definition:Abbreviated ICD. Occurs when irritating substances temporarily damage the epidermis.
light-emitting diode
Definition:Abbreviated LED; a medical device used to reduce acne, increase blood circulation, and improve the collagen content in the skin.
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
Definition:Abbreviated MRSA; a type of infectious bacteria that is highly resistant to conventional treatments due to incorrect doses or choice of antibiotic.
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)
Definition:Abbreviated MSDS; replaced by Safety Data Sheet; information compiled by the manufacturer about product safety, including the names of hazardous ingredients, safe handling and use procedures, precautions to reduce the risk of accidental harm or overexposure, and flammability warnings.
oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion
Definition:Abbreviated O/W emulsion; oil droplets emulsified in water.
ohm
Definition:Abbreviated O; unit that measures the resistance of an electric current.
Propionibacterium acnes
Definition:Abbreviated P. acnes; technical term for acne bacteria.
peripheral nervous system (PNS)
Definition:Abbreviated PNS; system of nerves that connects the peripheral (outer) parts of the body to the central nervous system; it has both sensory and motor nerves.
Safety Data Sheet (SDS) (formerly known as MSDS sheets)
Definition:Abbreviated SDS; required by law for all products sold. SDSs include safety information about products compiled by the manufacturer, including hazardous ingredients, safe use and handling procedures, proper disposal guidelines, precautions to reduce the risk of accidental harm or overexposure, and more.
Standard Precautions
Definition:Abbreviated SP; precautions such as wearing personal protective equipment to prevent skin and mucous membranes where contact with a client's blood, body fluids, secretions (except sweat), excretions, non-intact skin, and mucous membranes is likely. Workers must assume that all blood and body fluids are potential sources of infection, regardless of the perceived risk.
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
Definition:Abbreviated VOCs; compounds that contain carbon (organic) and evaporate very easily (volatile).
watt
Definition:Abbreviated W; unit that measures how much electric energy is being used in one second.
kilowatt
Definition:Abbreviated kw; 1,000 watts.
milliampere
Definition:Abbreviated mA; 1 1,000 of an ampere.
Hair elasticity
Definition:Ability of the hair to stretch and return to its original length without breaking.
Stain
Definition:Abnormal brown-colored or wine-colored skin discoloration with a circular and/or irregular shape.
dyschromias
Definition:Abnormal colorations of the skin that accompany skin disorders and are symptoms of many systemic disorders.
Nail pterygium
Definition:Abnormal condition that occurs when the skin is stretched by the nail plate; usually caused by serious injury, such as burns, or an adverse skin reaction to chemical nail enhancement products.
hypertrophy
Definition:Abnormal growth of the skin.
alopecia
Definition:Abnormal hair loss.
tubercle
Definition:Abnormal, rounded, solid lump above, within, or under the skin; larger than a papule.
Hypopigmentation
Definition:Absence of pigment, resulting in light or white splotches.
keratoma
Definition:Acquired, superficial, thickened patch of epidermis. A callus is a keratoma caused by continued, repeated pressure or friction on any part of the skin, especially the hands and feet.
Laser
Definition:Acronym for light amplification stimulation emission of radiation; a medical device that uses electromagnetic radiation for hair removal and skin treatments.
Mandibular nerve
Definition:Affects the muscles of the chin, lower lip, and external ear.
Volatile alcohols
Definition:Alcohols that evaporate easily.
Alkanolamines
Definition:Alkaline substances used to neutralize acids or raise the pH of many hair products.
Sensitization
Definition:Allergic reaction created by repeated exposure to a chemical or a substance.
Nubian knots
Definition:Also known as Bantu knots; hair is double-strand twisted or coil twisted and then wrapped around itself to create a knot and then secured with a pin or elastic band.
Twist
Definition:Also known as French pleat; a technique used for formal hairstyling that creates a look of conical shape.
Thermal waving and curling
Definition:Also known as Marcel waving; methods of waving and curling straight or pressed dry hair using thermal irons and special manipulative curling techniques.
Bun
Definition:Also known as a knot; the foundation technique used for this look is a ponytail and can sit high or low.
blunt haircut
Definition:Also known as a one-length haircut; haircut in which all the hair comes to one hanging level, forming a weight line or area; hair is cut with no elevation or overdirection.
Patella
Definition:Also known as accessory bone or kneecap; forms the kneecap joint.
acne vulgaris
Definition:Also known as acne; a skin disorder characterized by chronic inflammation of the sebaceous glands from retained secretions and bacteria known as Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) bacteria.
Subcutaneous tissue
Definition:Also known as adipose or subcutis tissue; fatty tissue found below the dermis that gives smoothness and contour to the body, contains fat for use as energy, and also acts as a protective cushion for the outer skin.
Sensory nerves
Definition:Also known as afferent nerves (AAF-eer-ent NURVS); carry impulses or messages from the sense organs to the brain, where sensations of touch, cold, heat, sight, sound, taste, smell, pain, and pressure are experienced.
peptide bond
Definition:Also known as an end bond; chemical bond that joins amino acids to each other, end-to-end, to form a polypeptide chain.
Androgenic alopecia
Definition:Also known as androgenetic alopecia (an-druh-je-NET-ik al-oh-PEE-shah); hair loss characterized by miniaturization of terminal hair that is converted to vellus hair; in men, it is known as male pattern baldness.
Talus
Definition:Also known as ankle bone; one of three bones that comprise the ankle joint. The other two bones are the tibia and fibula.
Deep peroneal nerve
Definition:Also known as anterior tibial nerve; it extends down the front of the leg, behind the muscles. It supplies impulses to these muscles and also to the muscles and skin on the top of the foot and adjacent sides of the first and second toes.
Tinea pedis
Definition:Also known as athlete's foot; medical term for fungal infections of the feet; red, itchy rash of the skin on the bottom of the feet and/or in between the toes, usually found between the fourth and fifth toe.
alkalis
Definition:Also known as bases; compounds that react with acids to form salts.
Nevus
Definition:Also known as birthmark; a small or large malformation of the skin due to abnormal pigmentation or dilated capillaries.
Onychophagy
Definition:Also known as bitten nails; result of a habit of chewing the nail or chewing the hardened skin surrounding the nail plate.
Cornrows
Definition:Also known as canerows; narrow rows of visible braids that lie close to the scalp and are created with a three-strand, on-the-scalp braiding technique.
Levator anguli oris muscle
Definition:Also known as caninus muscle; muscle that raises the angle of the mouth and draws it inward.
circulatory system
Definition:Also known as cardiovascular system or vascular system; The body system that controls the steady circulation of the blood through the body by means of the heart and blood vessels.
Chelating soaps
Definition:Also known as chelating detergents; they break down stubborn films and remove the residue of pedicure products such as scrubs, salts, and masks.
Thorax
Definition:Also known as chest or pulmonary trunk (PUL-muh-nayr-ee TRUNK); consists of the sternum, ribs, and thoracic vertebrae; elastic, bony cage that serves as a protective framework for the heart, lungs, and other internal organs.
Scar
Definition:Also known as cicatrix; a lightly raised mark on the skin formed after an injury or lesion of the skin has healed.
curl
Definition:Also known as circle; the hair that is wrapped around the roller.
French Pleat
Definition:Also known as classic French twist; a technique used for formal hairstyling that creates a look of folded hair.
Clavicle
Definition:Also known as collarbone; the bone that joins the sternum and scapula.
Coils
Definition:Also known as comb twist; small sections of natural hair that are gelled and spiraled with fingers or a comb to create individual formations of tight, cylindrical coils.
contagious disease
Definition:Also known as communicable disease; disease that is spread from one person to another person. Some of the more contagious diseases are the common cold, ringworm, conjunctivitis (pinkeye), viral infections, and natural nail or toe and foot infections.
Compound molecules
Definition:Also known as compounds; a chemical combination of two or more atoms of different elements in definite (fixed) proportions.
dermis
Definition:Also known as derma, corium, cutis, or true skin; underlying or inner layer of the skin.
single-use
Definition:Also known as disposable items; items that cannot be used more than once. These items cannot be properly cleaned so that all visible residue is removed—such as pumice stones used for pedicures—or they are damaged or contaminated by cleaning and disinfecting.
dorsal nerve
Definition:Also known as dorsal cutaneous nerve; a nerve that extends up from the toes and foot, just under the skin, supplying impulses to toes and foot, as well as the muscles and skin of the leg, where it becomes the superficial peroneal nerve.
Locks
Definition:Also known as dreadlocks or locs; separate networks of curly, textured hair that have been intertwined and meshed together.
Exocrine glands
Definition:Also known as duct glands; they produce a substance that travels through small, tube-like ducts. Sweat glands and oil glands of the skin belong to this group.
Endocrine glands
Definition:Also known as ductless glands; glands such as the thyroid and pituitary gland that release hormonal secretions directly into the bloodstream.
Motor nerves
Definition:Also known as efferent nerves; carry impulses from the brain to the muscles or glands.
electromagnetic spectrum
Definition:Also known as electromagnetic spectrum of radiation; name given to all of the forms of energy (or radiation) that exist.
facial artery
Definition:Also known as external maxillary artery; branch of the external carotid artery that supplies blood to the lower region of the face, mouth, and nose.
seventh cranial nerve
Definition:Also known as facial nerve; is the chief motor nerve of the face. Its divisions and their branches supply and control all the muscles of facial expression. It emerges near the lower part of the ear and extends to the muscles of the neck.
emphasis
Definition:Also known as focus; the place in a hairstyle where the eye is drawn first before traveling to the rest of the design.
Plicatured nail
Definition:Also known as folded nail; a type of highly curved nail usually caused by injury to the matrix, but may be inherited.
bang area
Definition:Also known as fringe area; triangular section that begins at the apex, or high point of the head, and ends at the front corners.
On base
Definition:Also known as full base; position of a curl or roller directly on its base for maximum volume.
digestive (gastrointestinal) system
Definition:Also known as gastrointestinal system; the body system that is responsible for breaking down foods into nutrients and wastes; consists of the mouth, stomach, intestines, salivary and gastric glands, and other organs.
Systemic circulation
Definition:Also known as general circulation; system that carries the oxygen-rich blood from the heart throughout the body and returns deoxygenated blood back to the heart.
stratum granulosum
Definition:Also known as granular layer; layer of the epidermis composed of cells that look like granules and are filled with keratin; replaces cells shed from the stratum corneum.
anagen phase
Definition:Also known as growth phase; phase during which new hair is produced.
guideline
Definition:Also known as guide; section of hair, located either at the perimeter or the interior of the cut, which determines the length the hair will be cut. Usually the first section that is cut to create a shape.
Deep-conditioning treatment
Definition:Also known as hair mask or conditioning pack; chemical mixture of concentrated protein and intensive moisturizer.
head form
Definition:Also known as head shape; the shape of the head, which greatly affects the way the hair falls and behaves.
Thermal protection product
Definition:Also known as heat protection hair care product; is used on damp hair after applying styling product and before blowdrying. It protects the hair from heat damage caused by thermal styling tools like blowdryers, flat irons, and curling irons.
Hypertrichosis
Definition:Also known as hirsuties (hur-SOO-shee-eez); condition of abnormal growth of hair, characterized by the growth of terminal hair in areas of the body that normally grow only vellus hair.
stratum corneum
Definition:Also known as horny layer; outer layer of the epidermis.
Onychocryptosis
Definition:Also known as ingrown nails; nail grows into the sides of the tissue around the nail.
nonconductor
Definition:Also known as insulator (IN-suh-layt-ur); a material that does not transmit electricity.
invisible braid
Definition:Also known as inverted braid or French braid; a three-strand braid that is produced with an overhand technique.
Vellus hair
Definition:Also known as lanugo hair; short, fine, unpigmented, and downy hair that appears on the body, with the exception of the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet.
sidewall
Definition:Also known as lateral nail fold; the fold of skin overlapping the side of the nail.
Finger-waving lotion
Definition:Also known as liquid gel; is a type of hair gel that makes the hair pliable enough to keep it in place during the finger-waving procedure.
Zygomatic bones
Definition:Also known as malar bones (MAY-lur BOHNS) or cheekbones; bones that form the prominence of the cheeks.
Chloasma
Definition:Also known as mask of pregnancy; condition characterized by typically brown hyperpigmentation, generally on the face, which is not elevated.
Conditioning shampoo
Definition:Also known as moisturizing shampoo; shampoo designed to make the hair appear smooth and shiny and to improve the manageability of the hair.
Foam
Definition:Also known as mousse; a light, airy, whipped styling product that resembles shaving foam and builds moderate body and volume into the hair.
Epicranius
Definition:Also known as occipitofrontalis; the broad muscle that covers the top of the skull and consists of the occipitalis and frontalis.
Sebaceous glands
Definition:Also known as oil glands; glands connected to hair follicles. Sebum is the fatty or oily secretion of the sebaceous glands.
natural nail
Definition:Also known as onyx; the hard protective plate is composed mainly of keratin, the same fibrous protein found in skin and hair. The keratin in natural nails is harder than the keratin in skin or hair.
Light therapy
Definition:Also known as phototherapy; the application of light rays to the skin for the treatment of wrinkles, capillaries, pigmentation, or hair removal.
papule
Definition:Also known as pimple; small elevation on the skin that contains no fluid but may develop pus.
Conjunctivitis
Definition:Also known as pinkeye; infection of the eye(s) that may be caused by a bacteria or a virus; generally extremely contagious.
underhand technique
Definition:Also known as plaiting; a technique in which the left section goes under the middle strand, then the right section goes under the middle strand.
dry shampoo
Definition:Also known as powder shampoo; shampoo that cleanses the hair without the use of soap and water.
Miliaria rubra
Definition:Also known as prickly heat; an acute inflammatory disorder of the sweat glands, characterized by the eruption of small, red vesicles and accompanied by burning, itching skin.
electrode
Definition:Also known as probe; applicator for directing electric current from an electrotherapy device to the client's skin.
Depressor labii inferioris muscle
Definition:Also known as quadratus labii inferioris muscle; muscle surrounding the lower lip; lowers the lower lip and draws it to one side, as in expressing sarcasm.
Levator labii superioris muscle
Definition:Also known as quadratus labii superioris muscle; muscle surrounding the upper lip. It elevates the upper lip and dilates the nostrils, as in expressing distaste.
Onychogryposis
Definition:Also known as ram's horn or claw nails; an enlargement of the fingernails or toenails accompanied by increased thickening and curvature.
Oxidation-reduction
Definition:Also known as redox (ree-DOCS); a chemical reaction in which the oxidizing agent is reduced (by losing oxygen) and the reducing agent is oxidized (by gaining oxygen).
Multiuse
Definition:Also known as reusable items; items that can be cleaned, disinfected, and used on more than one person, even if the item is accidentally exposed to blood or body fluid.
Backbrushing
Definition:Also known as ruffing (RUF-ing); technique used to build a soft cushion or to mesh two or more curl patterns together for a uniform and smooth comb out.
Silicone
Definition:Also known as serum, adds gloss and sheen to the hair while creating textural definition.
Scissor-over-comb
Definition:Also known as shear-over-comb; haircutting technique in which the hair is held in place with the comb while the tips of the shears are used to remove length.
Scapula
Definition:Also known as shoulder blade; large, flat, triangular bone of the shoulder. There are two scapulae.
Effilating
Definition:Also known as slithering; process of thinning the hair to graduated lengths with shears; cutting the hair with a sliding movement of the shears while keeping the blades partially opened.
Cascade curls
Definition:Also known as stand-up curls; pin curls fastened to the head in a standing position to allow the hair to flow upward and then downward.
Sudoriferous glands
Definition:Also known as sweat glands; excrete perspiration and detoxify the body by excreting excess salt and unwanted chemicals.
Body Systems
Definition:Also known as systems; groups of body organs acting together to perform one or more functions. The human body is composed of 11 major systems.
Backcombing
Definition:Also known as teasing, ratting, matting, or French lacing; combing small sections of hair from the ends toward the scalp, causing shorter hair to mat at the scalp and form a cushion or base.
Liquid gels
Definition:Also known as texturizers; styling products that are lighter and less viscous than firm hold gels, used for easy styling, defining, and molding.
Tinea favosa
Definition:Also known as tinea favus; fungal infection characterized by dry, sulfur-yellow, cuplike crusts on the scalp called scutula.
fifth cranial nerve
Definition:Also known as trifacial nerve or trigeminal nerve; the chief sensory nerve of the face that serves as the motor nerve of the muscles that control chewing.
pincer nail
Definition:Also known as trumpet nail; increased crosswise curvature throughout the nail plate caused by an increased curvature of the matrix. The edges of the nail plate may curl around to form the shape of a trumpet or sharp cone at the free edge.
Tesla high-frequency current
Definition:Also known as violet ray; thermal or heat-producing current with a high rate of oscillation or vibration that is commonly used for scalp and facial treatments.
verruca
Definition:Also known as wart; hypertrophy of the papillae and epidermis.
Pomade
Definition:Also known as wax; styling product that adds considerable weight to the hair by causing strands to join together, showing separation in the hair.
disease
Definition:An abnormal condition of all or part of the body, or its systems or organs, which makes the body incapable of carrying on normal function.
Tumor
Definition:An abnormal mass varying in size, shape, and color.
Glycolic acid
Definition:An alpha hydroxy acid used in exfoliation and to lower the pH of products.
cystine
Definition:An amino acid formed when 2 cysteine amino acids (with single sulfur) are joined by their sulfur groups or disulfide bond.
cysteine
Definition:An amino acid with a sulfur atom (S) that joins together two peptide strands.
ion
Definition:An atom or molecule that carries an electrical charge.
Microcurrent
Definition:An extremely low level of electricity that mirrors the body's natural electrical impulses.
Vitamin C
Definition:An important substance needed for proper repair of the skin and tissues; promotes the production of collagen in the skin's dermal tissues; aids in and promotes the skin's healing process.
Local infection
Definition:An infection, such as a pimple or abscess, that is confined to a particular part of the body and appears as a lesion containing pus.
Contact dermatitis
Definition:An inflammation of the skin caused by having contact with certain chemicals or substances; many of these substances are used in cosmetology.
Eczema
Definition:An inflammatory, uncomfortable, and often chronic disease of the skin; characterized by moderate to severe inflammation, scaling, and sometimes severe itching.
anion
Definition:An ion with a negative electrical charge.
Cranium
Definition:An oval, bony case that protects the brain.
emulsion
Definition:An unstable physical mixture of two or more immiscible substances (substances that normally will not stay blended) plus a special ingredient called an emulsifier.
cutting line
Definition:Angle at which the fingers are held when cutting, and, ultimately, the line that is cut; also known as finger angle, finger position, cutting position, or cutting angle.
Onychosis
Definition:Any deformity or disease of the natural nails.
conductor
Definition:Any material that conducts electricity.
microorganism
Definition:Any organism of microscopic or submicroscopic size.
Matter
Definition:Any substance that occupies space and has mass (weight).
Scale
Definition:Any thin, dry, or oily plate of epidermal flakes. An example is abnormal or excessive dandruff.
rectifier
Definition:Apparatus that changes alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC).
inverter
Definition:Apparatus that changes direct current to alternating current.
Infection control
Definition:Are the methods used to eliminate or reduce the transmission of infectious organisms.
Crown
Definition:Area of the head between the apex and back of the parietal ridge.
matrix
Definition:Area where the nail plate cells are formed; this area is composed of matrix cells that produce the nail plate.
external carotid artery
Definition:Artery that supplies blood to the anterior (front) parts of the scalp, ear, face, neck, and sides of the head.
internal carotid artery
Definition:Artery that supplies blood to the brain, eyes, eyelids, forehead, nose, and internal ear.
dorsalis pedis artery
Definition:Artery that supplies blood to the foot.
popliteal artery
Definition:Artery that supplies blood to the foot; divides into two separate arteries known as the anterior tibial artery and the posterior tibial artery.
Alopecia areata
Definition:Autoimmune disorder that causes the affected hair follicles to be mistakenly attacked by a person's own immune system; usually begins with one or more small, round, smooth bald patches on the scalp.
Occipitalis
Definition:Back (posterior) portion of the epicranius; muscle that draws the scalp backward.
Nape
Definition:Back part of the neck; the hair below the occipital bone.
Bacterial spore
Definition:Bacteria capable of producing a protective coating that allows them to withstand very harsh environments, and shed the coating when conditions become more favorable.
Paronychia
Definition:Bacterial inflammation of the tissues surrounding the nail. Redness, pus, and swelling are usually seen in the skin fold adjacent to the nail plate.
Cells
Definition:Basic units of all living things—from bacteria to plants to animals, including human beings.
Milia
Definition:Benign, keratin-filled cysts that can appear just under the epidermis and have no visible opening.
lymph capillaries
Definition:Blind-end tubes that are the origin of lymphatic vessels.
diffuser
Definition:Blowdryer attachment that causes the air to flow more softly and helps to accentuate or keep textural definition.
Respiratory
Definition:Body system consisting of the lungs and air passages; makes blood and oxygen available to body structures through respiration (breathing) and eliminating carbon dioxide.
nervous system
Definition:Body system that consists of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves; controls and coordinates all other systems of the body and makes them work harmoniously and efficiently.
furuncle
Definition:Boil; acute, localized bacterial infection of the hair follicle that produces constant pain.
strand bonding
Definition:Bonding method with loose hair or wefts that are cut into very small sections
side bonds
Definition:Bonds that cross-link the polypeptide chains together and are responsible for the extreme strength and elasticity of human hair.
sphenoid bone
Definition:Bone that joins all of the bones of the cranium together.
Occipital bone
Definition:Bone that protrudes at the base of the skull.
Metacarpus
Definition:Bones of the palm of the hand; parts of the hand containing five bones between the carpus and phalanges.
Parietal bones
Definition:Bones that form the sides and top of the cranium.
Temporal bones
Definition:Bones that form the sides of the head in the ear region.
rope braid
Definition:Braid created with two strands that are twisted around each other.
posterior auricular artery
Definition:Branch of the external carotid artery that supplies blood to the scalp, the area behind and above the ear, and the skin behind the ear.
occipital artery
Definition:Branch of the external carotid artery that supplies blood to the skin and muscles of the scalp and back of the head up to the crown.
Inferior labial artery
Definition:Branch of the facial artery that supplies blood to the lower lip.
Angular artery
Definition:Branch of the facial artery that supplies blood to the side of the nose.
Superior labial artery
Definition:Branch of the facial artery that supplies blood to the upper lip and region of the nose.
Ophthalmic nerve
Definition:Branch of the fifth cranial nerve that supplies impulses to the skin of the forehead, upper eyelids, and interior portion of the scalp, orbit, eyeball, and nasal passage.
Maxillary nerve
Definition:Branch of the fifth cranial nerve that supplies impulses to the upper part of the face.
Infraorbital artery
Definition:Branch of the internal carotid artery that supplies blood to the muscles of the eye.
Supraorbital artery
Definition:Branch of the internal carotid artery that supplies blood to the upper eyelid and forehead.
Posterior auricular nerve
Definition:Branch of the seventh cranial nerve that affects the muscles behind the ear at the base of the skull.
Marginal mandibular nerve
Definition:Branch of the seventh cranial nerve that affects the muscles of the chin and lower lip.
Buccal nerve
Definition:Branch of the seventh cranial nerve that affects the muscles of the mouth.
Temporal nerve
Definition:Branch of the seventh cranial nerve that affects the muscles of the temple, side of the forehead, eyebrow, eyelid, and upper part of the cheek.
Frontal artery
Definition:Branch of the superficial temporal artery that supplies blood to the forehead and upper eyelids.
Anterior auricular artery
Definition:Branch of the superficial temporal artery that supplies blood to the front part of the ear.
Parietal artery
Definition:Branch of the superficial temporal artery that supplies blood to the side and crown of the head.
Transverse facial artery
Definition:Branch of the superficial temporal artery that supplies blood to the skin and masseter muscle.
Middle temporal artery
Definition:Branch of the superficial temporal artery that supplies blood to the temples.
Cervical nerves
Definition:Branches of the seventh cranial nerve; originate at the spinal cord and affect the side of the neck and the platysma muscle.
Platysma muscle
Definition:Broad muscle extending from the chest and shoulder muscles to the side of the chin; responsible for lowering the lower jaw and lip.
anaerobic
Definition:Cannot survive in the presence of oxygen.
infectious
Definition:Caused by or capable of being transmitted by infection.
melanocytes
Definition:Cells that produce the dark skin pigment called melanin.
Tan
Definition:Change in pigmentation of skin caused by exposure to the sun or ultraviolet light.
Physical properties
Definition:Characteristics that can be determined without a chemical reaction and that do not cause a chemical change in the substance.
Chemical properties
Definition:Characteristics that can only be determined by a chemical reaction and a chemical change in the substance.
Secondary skin lesions
Definition:Characterized by piles of material on the skin surface, such as a crust or scab, or depressions in the skin surface, such as an ulcer.
Antiseptics
Definition:Chemical germicide formulated for use on skin; registered and regulated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
Disinfectants
Definition:Chemical products approved by the EPA designed to destroy most bacteria (excluding spores), fungi, and viruses on surfaces.
exothermic reactions
Definition:Chemical reactions that release a significant amount of heat.
Rosacea
Definition:Chronic condition that appears primarily on the cheeks and nose, and is characterized by flushing (redness), telangiectasis (distended or dilated surface blood vessels), and, in some cases, the formation of papules and pustules.
Lymph
Definition:Clear fluid that circulates in the lymph spaces (lymphatics) of the body. Lymph helps carry wastes and impurities away from the cells before it is routed back to the circulatory system.
stratum lucidum
Definition:Clear, transparent layer of the epidermis under the stratum corneum.
Cyst
Definition:Closed, abnormally developed sac that contains fluid, pus, semifluid, or morbid matter above or below the skin.
secretory coil
Definition:Coiled base of the sudoriferous (sweat) gland.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Definition:Common bacteria that can lead to a bacterial infection that appears as a green, yellow, or black discoloration on the nail bed.
Sodium hypochlorite
Definition:Common household bleach; an effective disinfectant for the salon.
Quaternary ammonium compounds
Definition:Commonly known as "quats"; are products made of quaternary ammonium cations and are designed for disinfection on nonporous surfaces. They are appropriate for use in non-critical (non-invasive) environments and are effective against most pathogens of concern in the salon environment.
alopecia universalis
Definition:Complete loss of body hair.
Grounding
Definition:Completes an electric circuit and carries the current safely away.
nail unit
Definition:Composed of several major parts of the fingernail including the nail plate, nail bed, matrix, cuticle, eponychium, hyponychium, specialized ligaments, and nail fold. Together, all of these parts form the nail unit.
nail disorder
Definition:Condition caused by an injury or disease of the nail unit.
Bruised nail beds
Definition:Condition in which a blood clot forms under the nail plate, causing a dark purplish spot. These discolorations are usually due to small injuries to the nail bed.
Medicated scalp lotion
Definition:Conditioner that promotes healing of the scalp.
Albinism
Definition:Congenital hypopigmentation, or absence of melanin pigment of the body, including the skin, hair, and eyes.
Galvanic current
Definition:Constant and direct current, having a positive and negative pole, that produces chemical changes when it passes through the tissues and fluids of the body.
Exposure incident
Definition:Contact with non-intact (broken) skin, blood, body fluid, or other potentially infectious material that is the result of the performance of an employee's duties.
Impetigo
Definition:Contagious bacterial skin infection characterized by weeping lesions; usually caused by a staphylococcus bacteria.
Waves
Definition:Create an S pattern and give texture and volume to the hair. Waves are a popular classic technique that can be applied on any texture and length, usually a surface enhancer.
full-stem curl
Definition:Curl placed completely off the base; allows for the greatest mobility.
no-stem curl
Definition:Curl placed directly on its base; produces a tight, firm, long-lasting curl and allows minimum mobility.
half-stem curl
Definition:Curl placed half off the base; permits medium movement and gives good control to the hair.
modalities
Definition:Currents used in electrical facial and scalp treatments.
concave profile
Definition:Curving inward; prominent forehead and chin, with other features receded inward.
convex profile
Definition:Curving outward; receding forehead and chin.
palm-to-palm
Definition:Cutting position in which the palms of both hands are facing each other.
Melanonychia
Definition:Darkening of the fingernails or toenails; may be seen as a black band within the nail plate, extending from the base to the free edge.
Hyperpigmentation
Definition:Darker than normal pigmentation, appearing as dark splotches.
Crust
Definition:Dead cells that form over a wound or blemish while it is healing; an accumulation of sebum and pus, sometimes mixed with epidermal material.
diagnosis
Definition:Determination of the nature of a disease from its symptoms and/or diagnostic tests. Federal regulations prohibit salon professionals from performing a diagnosis.
Parasitic disease
Definition:Disease caused by parasites, such as lice and mites.
infectious disease
Definition:Disease caused by pathogenic (harmful) microorganisms that enter the body. An infectious disease may be spread from one person to another person.
pathogenic disease
Definition:Disease produced by organisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites.
Bloodborne pathogens
Definition:Disease-causing microorganisms carried in the body by blood or body fluids, such as hepatitis and HIV.
wavelength
Definition:Distance between successive peaks of electromagnetic waves.
telangiectasis
Definition:Distended or dilated surface blood vessels.
Continuing Education
Definition:Education that is employment or license related; used to motivate, enrich, update skill sets, satisfy licensing requirements, or further your career.
layered haircut
Definition:Effect achieved by cutting the hair with elevation or overdirection; the hair is cut at higher elevations, usually 90 degrees or above, which removes weight.
active electrode
Definition:Electrode of an electrotherapy device that is used on the area to be treated.
graduation
Definition:Elevation that occurs when a section is lifted above 0 degrees.
Vitamin D
Definition:Enables the body to properly absorb and use calcium, the element needed for proper bone development and maintenance. Vitamin D also promotes rapid healing of the skin.
Pineal gland
Definition:Endocrine system gland that plays a major role in sexual development, sleep, and metabolism.
Balance
Definition:Establishing equal or appropriate proportions to create symmetry. In hairstyling, it is the relationship of height to width.
Hyperhidrosis
Definition:Excessive sweating, caused by heat or general body weakness.
Flexor
Definition:Extensor muscle of the wrist involved in flexing the wrist.
Motor nerve fibers
Definition:Fibers of the motor nerves that are distributed to the arrector pili muscles attached to hair follicles. Motor nerves carry impulses from the brain to the muscles.
Secretory nerve fibers
Definition:Fibers of the secretory nerve that are distributed to the sudoriferous glands and sebaceous glands. Secretory nerves, which are part of the autonomic nervous system (ANS), regulate the excretion of perspiration from the sweat glands and control the flow of sebum to the surface of the skin.
connective tissue
Definition:Fibrous tissue that binds together, protects, and supports the various parts of the body. Examples of connective tissue are bone, cartilage, ligaments, tendons, blood, lymph, and fat (see adipose tissue).
Orbicularis oris muscle
Definition:Flat band of muscle around the upper and lower lips that compresses, contracts, puckers, and wrinkles the lips.
Glamour waves
Definition:Flat-twist set is unraveled to make a loose, wavy texture on the entire head.
electric current
Definition:Flow of electricity along a conductor.
nail folds
Definition:Folds of normal skin that surround the natural nail plate.
skeletal system
Definition:Forming the physical foundation of the body, it composed of 206 bones that vary in size and shape and are connected by movable and immovable joints.
Bromhidrosis
Definition:Foul-smelling perspiration, usually noticeable in the armpits or on the feet, which is generally caused by bacteria.
Frontalis
Definition:Front (anterior) portion of the epicranius; muscle of the scalp that raises the eyebrows, draws the scalp forward, and causes wrinkles across the forehead.
Onychomycosis
Definition:Fungal infection of the natural nail plate.
nail groove
Definition:Furrow on each side of the nail.
Thyroid gland
Definition:Gland of the endocrine system that controls how quickly the body burns energy (metabolism), makes proteins, and how sensitive the body should be to other hormones.
Lymph nodes
Definition:Gland-like structures found inside lymphatic vessels; filter the lymphatic vessels and help fight infection.
stationary guideline
Definition:Guideline that does not move.
interior guideline
Definition:Guideline that is inside the haircut rather than on the perimeter.
weaving
Definition:Hair extensions on a weft are sewn or bonded onto a cornrow base to make a longer, fuller head of a natural-looking hair. There are several methods of weaving from bonding, fusion, braid sew attachment, threading, and tubing.
hair stream
Definition:Hair flowing in the same direction, resulting from follicles sloping in the same direction.
uniform layers
Definition:Hair is elevated to 90 degrees from the scalp and cut at the same length.
whorl
Definition:Hair that forms in a circular pattern on the crown of the head.
hairline
Definition:Hair that grows at the outermost perimeter along the face, around the ears, and on the neck.
textured hair
Definition:Hair with a tight coil pattern.
long-layered haircut
Definition:Haircut in which the hair is cut at a 90-degree elevation and then overdirected to maintain length and weight at the perimeter.
taper
Definition:Haircutting effect in which there is an even blend from very short at the hairline to longer lengths as you move up the head; to taper is to narrow progressively at one end.
Texturizing
Definition:Haircutting technique designed to remove excess bulk without shortening the length; changing the appearance or behavior of the hair through specific haircutting techniques using shears, thinning shears, or a razor.
Carving
Definition:Haircutting technique done by placing the still blade into the hair, resting it on the scalp, and then moving the shears through the hair while opening and partially closing the shears.
Free-hand notching
Definition:Haircutting technique in which pieces of hair are snipped out at random intervals.
Point cutting
Definition:Haircutting technique in which the tips of the shears are used to cut points into the ends of the hair.
Slicing
Definition:Haircutting technique that removes weight and adds movement through the lengths of the hair; the shears are not completely closed, and only the portion of the blades near the pivot is used.
Free-hand slicing at midshaft
Definition:Haircutting technique used to release weight from the subsection, allowing the hair to move more freely.
Beveling
Definition:Haircutting technique using diagonal lines by cutting hair ends with a slight increase or decrease in length.
Notching
Definition:Haircutting technique, a version of point cutting, in which the tips of the shears are moved toward the hair ends rather than into them; creates a chunkier effect.
updo
Definition:Hairstyle in which the hair is arranged up and off the shoulders.
half updo
Definition:Hairstyle where half of the hair is pulled back off the face and pinned at or below the crown.
natural hair styling
Definition:Hairstyling that uses no chemicals or dyes and does not alter the natural curl or coil pattern of the hair.
nail plate
Definition:Hardened keratin plate that sits on and covers the natural nail bed. It is the most visible and functional part of the natural nail unit.
pathogenic
Definition:Harmful microorganisms that can cause disease or infection in humans when they invade the body.
Nonpathogenic
Definition:Harmless microorganisms that may perform useful functions and are safe to come in contact with since they do not cause disease or harm.
lipophilic
Definition:Having an affinity for or an attraction to fat and oils (oil-loving).
splinter hemorrhage
Definition:Hemorrhage caused by trauma or injury to the nail bed that damages the capillaries and allow small amounts of blood flow.
Vitiligo
Definition:Hereditary condition that causes hypopigmented spots and splotches on the skin that often appear milky white.
Contrasting lines
Definition:Horizontal and vertical lines that meet at a 90-degree angle and create a hard edge.
occupational disease
Definition:Illness resulting from conditions associated with employment, such as prolonged and repeated overexposure to certain products or ingredients.
Pediculosis capitis
Definition:Infestation of the hair and scalp with head lice.
carbuncle
Definition:Inflammation of the subcutaneous tissue caused by staphylococci; similar to a furuncle but larger.
Dermatitis
Definition:Inflammatory condition of the skin.
Infrared light
Definition:Infrared light has longer wavelengths, penetrates more deeply, has less energy, and produces more heat than visible light; it makes up 60 percent of natural sunlight.
Ulna
Definition:Inner and larger bone in the forearm (lower arm); attached to the wrist and located on the side of the little finger.
interior
Definition:Inner or internal part.
medulla
Definition:Innermost layer of the hair that is composed of round cells; often absent in fine and naturally blond hair.
Asymmetrical balance
Definition:Is established when two imaginary halves of a hairstyle have an equal visual weight, but the two halves are positioned unevenly. Opposite sides of the hairstyle are different lengths or have a different volume. Asymmetry can be horizontal or diagonal.
Deltoid
Definition:Large, triangular muscle covering the shoulder joint that allows the arm to extend outward and to the side of the body.
Tibia
Definition:Larger of the two bones that form the leg below the knee. The tibia may be visualized as a bump on the big-toe side of the ankle.
Sciatic nerve
Definition:Largest and longest nerve in the body; it passes through the gluteal region into the thigh, where it branches into smaller nerves. Pain from injury or compression of the sciatic nerve can radiate throughout the abdomen and be sensed in the lower back, hip, or lower abdomen.
Primary lesions
Definition:Lesions that are a different color than the color of the skin, and/or lesions that are raised above the surface of the skin.
Onycholysis
Definition:Lifting of the nail plate from the nail bed without shedding, usually beginning at the free edge and continuing toward the lunula area.
Invisible light
Definition:Light at either end of the visible spectrum of light that is invisible to the naked eye.
ethmoid bone
Definition:Light, spongy bone between the eye sockets; forms part of the nasal cavities.
cicatrix
Definition:Lightly raised mark on the skin formed after an injury or lesion of the skin has healed.
part
Definition:Line dividing the hair at the scalp, separating one section of hair from another, creating subsections.
Curved lines
Definition:Lines moving in a circular or semi-circular direction; used to soften a design.
Horizontal lines
Definition:Lines parallel to the floor and relative to the horizon; create width in hair design.
Diagonal lines
Definition:Lines positioned between horizontal and vertical lines. They are often used to emphasize or minimize facial features.
Vertical lines
Definition:Lines that are straight up and down; create length and height in hair design.
Directional lines
Definition:Lines with a definite forward or backward movement.
Miscible
Definition:Liquids that are mutually soluble, meaning that they can be mixed together to form stable solutions.
Immiscible
Definition:Liquids that are not capable of being mixed together to form stable solutions.
eponychium
Definition:Living skin at the base of the natural nail plate that covers the matrix area.
Terminal hair
Definition:Long, coarse, pigmented hair found on the scalp, legs, arms, and bodies of males and females.
Proteins
Definition:Long, coiled complex polypeptides made of amino acids.
Mandible
Definition:Lower jawbone; largest and strongest bone of the face.
hair bulb
Definition:Lowest part of a hair strand; the thickened, club-shaped structure that forms the lower part of the hair root.
porous
Definition:Made or constructed of a material that has pores or openings. Porous items are absorbent.
common carotid arteries
Definition:Main arteries that supply blood to the head, face, and neck.
dermatology
Definition:Medical branch of science that deals with the study of skin and its nature, structure, functions, diseases, and treatment.
linking
Definition:Method of attaching hair extensions in which a hook is used to pick up a small amount of hair off a parting. A link is slid on close to the scalp with a special tool. Then an extension or special addition strand is inserted into the link.
spiral curl
Definition:Method of curling the hair by winding a strand around the rod.
Slide cutting
Definition:Method of cutting or layering the hair in which the fingers and shears glide along the edge of the hair to remove length.
cortex
Definition:Middle layer of the hair; a fibrous protein core formed by elongated cells containing melanin pigment.
elemental molecule
Definition:Molecule containing two or more atoms of the same element in definite (fixed) proportions.
stratum germinativum
Definition:More commonly called the basal cell layer; deepest, live layer of the epidermis that produces new epidermal skin cells and is responsible for growth.
Basal Cell Carcinoma
Definition:Most common and least severe type of skin cancer; often characterized by light or pearly nodules.
Malignant Melanoma
Definition:Most serious form of skin cancer; often characterized by black or dark brown patches on the skin that may appear uneven in texture, jagged, or raised.
Gastrocnemius
Definition:Muscle attached to the lower rear surface of the heel and pulls the foot down.
Triangularis muscle
Definition:Muscle extending alongside the chin that pulls down the corners of the mouth.
Corrugator muscle
Definition:Muscle located beneath the frontalis and orbicularis oculi muscles that draws the eyebrow down and wrinkles the forehead vertically.
Serratus anterior
Definition:Muscle of the chest that assists in breathing and in raising the arm.
Supinator
Definition:Muscle of the forearm that rotates the radius outward and the palm upward.
Risorius muscle
Definition:Muscle of the mouth that draws the corner of the mouth out and back, as in grinning.
Sternocleidomastoideus
Definition:Muscle of the neck that lowers and rotates the head.
Extensor digitorum longus
Definition:Muscle that bends the foot up and extends the toes.
Trapezius
Definition:Muscle that covers the back of the neck and upper and middle region of the back; rotates and controls swinging movements of the arm.
Procerus muscle
Definition:Muscle that covers the bridge of the nose, lowers the eyebrows, and causes wrinkles across the bridge of the nose.
Tibialis anterior
Definition:Muscle that covers the front of the shin; bends the foot upward and inward.
Peroneus longus
Definition:Muscle that covers the outer side of the calf; inverts the foot and turns it outward.
Mentalis muscle
Definition:Muscle that elevates the lower lip and raises and wrinkles the skin of the chin.
Extensor hallucis longus
Definition:Muscle that extends the big toe and flexes the foot.
Flexor digitorum brevis
Definition:Muscle that flexes the toes and helps maintain balance while walking and standing.
Abductor hallucis
Definition:Muscle that moves the big toe away from the other toes.
Flexor digiti minimi
Definition:Muscle that moves the little toe.
Soleus
Definition:Muscle that originates at the upper portion of the fibula and bends the foot down.
Peroneus brevis
Definition:Muscle that originates on the lower surface of the fibula. It bends the foot down and out.
Bicep
Definition:Muscle that produces the contour of the front and inner side of the upper arm; lifts the forearm and flexes the elbow.
Abductor digiti minimi
Definition:Muscle that separates the fingers and the toes.
Pronator
Definition:Muscle that turns the hand inward so that the palm faces downward.
Pectoralis major
Definition:Muscles of the chest that assist the swinging movements of the arm.
pectoralis minor
Definition:Muscles of the chest that assist the swinging movements of the arm.
Zygomaticus major muscles
Definition:Muscles on both sides of the face that extend from the zygomatic bone to the angle of the mouth. These muscles pull the mouth backward, upward, and outward, as when you are laughing or smiling.
Zygomaticus minor muscles
Definition:Muscles on both sides of the face that extend from the zygomatic bone to the upper lips. These muscles pull the upper lip backward, upward, and outward, as when you are smiling.
Abductors
Definition:Muscles that draw a body part, such as a finger, arm, or toe, away from the midline of the body or of an extremity.
Extensors
Definition:Muscles that straighten the wrist, hand, and fingers to form a straight line.
heart
Definition:Muscular, cone-shaped organ that keeps the blood moving within the circulatory system.
Discolored nails
Definition:Nails turn a variety of colors; may indicate surface staining, a systemic disorder, or poor blood circulation.
Blue fingernails
Definition:Named for the nail bed color; is usually caused by a lack of circulating oxygen in the red blood cells.
Malassezia
Definition:Naturally occurring fungus that is present on all human skin, but is responsible for dandruff when it grows out of control.
hydrophobic
Definition:Naturally resistant to being penetrated by moisture.
cathode
Definition:Negative electrode of an electrotherapy device; the cathode is usually black and is marked with an N or a minus (-) sign.
Polarity
Definition:Negative pole or positive pole of an electric current.
straight profile
Definition:Neither convex nor concave; considered the ideal.
Saphenous nerve
Definition:Nerve of the leg that supplies impulses to the skin of the inner side of the leg and foot.
Sural nerve
Definition:Nerve of the lower leg that supplies impulses to the skin on the outer side and back of the foot and leg.
Eggshell nails
Definition:Noticeably thin, white nail plates that are more flexible than normal and can curve over the free edge.
concentrator
Definition:Nozzle attachment of a blowdryer; directs the air stream to any section of the hair more intensely.
Blood
Definition:Nutritive fluid circulating through the circulatory system (heart and blood vessels) to supply oxygen and nutrients to cells and tissues and to remove carbon dioxide and waste from them.
Coil-out
Definition:Once hair is comb coiled into individual coils, then dried completely, they are uncoiled or neatly unraveled to create a fuller coily textured Afro style.
Posterior tibial artery
Definition:One of the popliteal arteries (the other is the anterior tibial artery) that supplies blood to the ankle and the back of the lower leg.
Anterior tibial artery
Definition:One of the popliteal arteries (the other is the posterior tibial artery) that supplies blood to the lower leg muscles and to the muscles and skin on the top of the foot and adjacent sides of the first and second toes. This artery continues to the foot where it becomes the dorsalis pedis artery.
Tarsal
Definition:One of three subdivisions of the foot. There are seven bones—talus, calcaneus, navicular, three cuneiform bones, and the cuboid. The other two subdivisions are the metatarsal and the phalanges.
Metatarsal
Definition:One of three subdivisions of the foot; long and slender bones, similar to the metacarpal bones of the hand. The other two subdivisions are the tarsal and phalanges.
Bacteria
Definition:One-celled microorganisms that have both plant and animal characteristics. Some are harmful; some are harmless.
Ulcer
Definition:Open lesion on the skin or mucous membrane of the body; accompanied by pus and loss of skin depth and possibly weeping fluids or pus.
Parasites
Definition:Organisms that grow, feed, and shelter on or in another organism (referred to as the host), while contributing nothing to the survival of that organism. Parasites must have a host to survive.
Glands
Definition:Organs that remove and release certain elements from the blood to convert them into new compounds.
papillary layer
Definition:Outer layer of the dermis, directly beneath the epidermis.
perimeter
Definition:Outer line of a hairstyle.
epidermis
Definition:Outermost and thinnest layer of the skin; it is made up of five layers: stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, and stratum germinativum.
hair cuticle
Definition:Outermost layer of hair; consisting of a single, overlapping layer of transparent, scale-like cells that look like shingles on a roof.
profile
Definition:Outline of the face, head, or figure seen in a side view.
brain
Definition:Part of the central nervous system contained in the cranium; it is the largest and most complex nerve tissue and controls sensation, muscles, activity of glands, and the power to think, sense, and feel.
free edge
Definition:Part of the nail plate that extends over the tip of the finger or toe.
Cross-checking
Definition:Parting the haircut in the opposite way from which you cut it in order to check for precision of line and shape.
dermatologist
Definition:Physician who specializes in diseases and disorders of the skin, hair, and nails.
Ridge curls
Definition:Pin curls placed immediately behind or below a ridge to form a wave.
Open-center curls
Definition:Pin curls that produce even, smooth waves and uniform curls.
Closed-center curls
Definition:Pin curls that produce waves that get smaller toward the ends.
Barrel curls
Definition:Pin curls with large center openings, fastened to the head in a standing position on a rectangular base.
Bulla
Definition:Plural: bullae. A large blister containing a watery fluid; similar to a vesicle, but larger.
open comedo
Definition:Plural: comedones (KAHM-uh-dohnz). Also known as blackhead; hair follicle filled with keratin and sebum.
closed comedo
Definition:Plural: comedones (KAHM-uh-dohnz). Also known as whitehead; a follicle impacted with dead cells and solidified sebum, appearing as a small white bump just under the skin surface. Closed comedones have an extremely small surface opening.
dermal papilla
Definition:Plural: dermal papillae. A small, cone-shaped elevation located at the base of the hair follicle that fits into the hair bulb.
Macule
Definition:Plural: maculae (MAK-yuh-ly). Flat spot or discoloration on the skin, such as a freckle or a red spot left after a pimple has healed.
Reference points
Definition:Points on the head that mark where the surface of the head changes or the behavior of the hair changes, such as ears, jawline, occipital bone, apex, and so on; used to establish design lines that are proportionate.
Four corners
Definition:Points on the head that signal a change in the shape of the head, from flat to round or vice versa.
spinal cord
Definition:Portion of the central nervous system that originates in the brain and extends down to the lower extremity of the trunk. It is protected by the spinal column.
nail bed
Definition:Portion of the living skin that supports the nail plate as it grows toward the free edge.
Half base
Definition:Position of a curl or a roller that sits halfway on its base and halfway behind the base, giving medium volume and movement.
anode
Definition:Positive electrode of an electrotherapy device; the anode is usually red and is marked with a P or a plus (+) sign.
Extrinsic factors
Definition:Primarily environmental factors that contribute to aging and the appearance of aging.
keratinization
Definition:Process by which newly formed cells in the hair bulb mature, fill with keratin, move upward, lose their nucleus, and die.
Cataphoresis
Definition:Process of fusing an acidic (positive) product into deeper tissues using galvanic current from the positive pole toward the negative pole.
Anaphoresis
Definition:Process of infusing an alkaline (negative) product into the tissues from the negative pole toward the positive pole.
Iontophoresis
Definition:Process of infusing water-soluble products into the skin with the use of electric current, such as the use of the positive and negative poles of a galvanic machine.
finger waving
Definition:Process of shaping and directing the hair into an S pattern through the use of the fingers, combs, and waving lotion.
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Definition:Product formulated to add moisture to dry hair or promote the retention of moisture.
nonstripping
Definition:Product that does not remove artificial color from the hair.
noncomedogenic
Definition:Product that has been designed and proven not to clog the follicles.
Scalp astringent lotion
Definition:Product used to remove oil accumulation from the scalp; used after a scalp treatment and before styling.
Scalp conditioner
Definition:Product, usually in a cream base, used to soften and improve the health of the scalp.
Elastin
Definition:Protein base similar to collagen that forms elastic tissue.
Eumelanin
Definition:Provides natural dark brown to black color to the hair and is the dark pigment predominant in black and brunette hair.
Streptococci
Definition:Pus-forming bacteria arranged in curved lines resembling a string of beads. They cause infections such as strep throat and blood poisoning.
Staphylococci
Definition:Pus-forming bacteria that grow in clusters like a bunch of grapes. They cause abscesses, pustules, and boils.
Soft water
Definition:Rainwater or chemically softened water that contains only small amounts of minerals and, therefore, allows soap and shampoo to lather freely.
pustule
Definition:Raised, inflamed papule with a white or yellow center containing pus in the top of the lesion referred to as the "head" of the pimple.
Combustion
Definition:Rapid oxidation of a substance accompanied by the production of heat and light.
allergy
Definition:Reaction due to extreme sensitivity to certain foods, chemicals, or other normally harmless substances.
Herpes simplex I
Definition:Recurring viral infection that often presents as a fever blister or cold sore.
Parallel lines
Definition:Repeating lines in a hairstyle; may be straight or curved.
Orbicularis oculi muscle
Definition:Ring muscle of the eye socket; enables you to close your eyes.
Pivoting
Definition:Rotates from a central point; also referred to as pie shape sections, used for layering and graduating.
rod
Definition:Round, solid prong of a thermal iron.
Cocci
Definition:Round-shaped bacteria that appear singly (alone) or in groups. The three types of cocci are staphylococci, streptococci, and diplococci.
Hormones
Definition:Secretions, such as insulin, adrenaline, and estrogen, that stimulate functional activity or other secretions in the body. Hormones influence the welfare of the entire body.
stem
Definition:Section of the pin curl between the base and first arc (turn) of the circle that gives the curl its direction and movement; the hair between the scalp and the first turn of the roller.
Median nerve
Definition:Sensory-motor nerve that is smaller than the ulnar and radial nerves and that, with its branches, supplies the arm and hand.
Ulnar nerve
Definition:Sensory-motor nerve that, with its branches, affects the little-finger side of the arm and palm of the hand.
Digital nerve
Definition:Sensory-motor nerve that, with its branches, supplies impulses to the fingers.
Radial nerve
Definition:Sensory-motor nerve that, with its branches, supplies the thumb side of the arm and back of the hand.
Pityriasis steatoides
Definition:Severe case of dandruff characterized by an accumulation of greasy or waxy scales mixed with sebum that stick to the scalp in crusts.
Pyogenic granuloma
Definition:Severe inflammation of the nail in which a lump of red tissue grows up from the nail bed to the nail plate.
Clarifying shampoo
Definition:Shampoo containing an active chelating agent that binds to metals (such as iron and copper) and removes them from the hair; contains an equalizing agent that enriches hair, helps retain moisture, and makes hair more manageable.
Medicated shampoo
Definition:Shampoo containing special chemicals or drugs that are very effective in reducing dandruff or relieving other scalp conditions.
Color-enhancing shampoo
Definition:Shampoo created by combining the surfactant base with basic color pigments that help to extend the vibrancy of the haircolor while adding hydration for hue intensity.
balancing shampoo
Definition:Shampoo designed to wash away excess oiliness while preventing the hair from drying out.
Strengthening shampoo
Definition:Shampoo that contains a variety of strengthening and nourishing ingredients and is designed to repair damaged and brittle hair.
Sulfate-free shampoo
Definition:Shampoo that does not contain harsh soap detergents. They are formulated with little to no alkaline soap base; manufactured as wetting agents to be compatible with hair and soft water sources, and generally are known to be sensitive to artificial hair color and to maintaining the natural oils in the hair.
pH-balanced shampoo
Definition:Shampoo that is balanced to the pH of skin and hair (4.5 to 5.5).
neutralizing shampoo
Definition:Shampoo used for chemically processed or relaxed hair that is designed to re-balance the pH level of the hair by neutralizing any alkali and unwanted residues in the hair; after a chemical interaction, it works to help return the hair to the average pH.
asymptomatic
Definition:Showing no symptoms or signs of infection.
fishtail braid
Definition:Simple two-strand braid in which hair is picked up from the sides and added to the strands as they are crossed over each other.
Fungi
Definition:Single-cell organisms that grow in irregular masses that include molds, mildews, and yeasts; can produce contagious diseases such as ringworm.
Bacilli
Definition:Singular: bacillus. Short, rod-shaped bacteria. They are the most common bacteria and produce diseases such as tetanus (lockjaw), typhoid fever, tuberculosis, and diphtheria.
dermal papillae
Definition:Singular: dermal papilla (DUR-mul puh-PIL-uh). Small, cone-shaped elevations at the base of the hair follicles that fit into the hair bulb.
Lentigines
Definition:Singular: lentigo. Technical term for freckles—small yellow-colored to brown-colored spots on skin exposed to sunlight and air.
Maxillae
Definition:Singular: maxilla. Bones of the upper jaw.
Phalanges
Definition:Singular: phalanx. Also known as digits; bones of the fingers or toes; one of the three subdivisions of the foot. The other two subdivisions are the tarsal and metatarsal.
skull
Definition:Skeleton of the head; divided into two parts: cranium and facial skeleton.
Seborrheic dermatitis
Definition:Skin condition caused by an inflammation of the sebaceous glands. It is often characterized by redness, dry or oily scaling, crusting, and/or itchiness.
Psoriasis
Definition:Skin disease characterized by red patches covered with silver-white scales; usually found on the scalp, elbows, knees, chest, and lower back. It is rarely found on the face.
Leukoderma
Definition:Skin disorder characterized by light, abnormal patches (hypopigmentation); caused by a burn, scar, inflammation, or congenital disease that destroys the pigment-producing cells.
Excoriation
Definition:Skin sore or abrasion produced by scratching or scraping.
Intrinsic factors
Definition:Skin-aging factors over which we have little control.
flagella
Definition:Slender, hair-like extensions used by bacilli and spirilla for locomotion (moving about). May also be referred to as cilia.
hyponychium
Definition:Slightly thickened layer of skin under the nail that lies between the fingertip and free edge of the natural nail plate.
graduated haircut
Definition:Slow or immediate buildup of weight; an effect or haircut that results from cutting the hair with tension, low to medium elevation, or overdirection.
Arterioles
Definition:Small arteries that deliver blood to capillaries.
Vesicle
Definition:Small blister or sac containing clear fluid, lying within or just beneath the epidermis.
tactile corpuscles
Definition:Small epidermal structures with nerve endings that are sensitive to touch and pressure.
Venules
Definition:Small vessels that connect the capillaries to the veins. They collect blood from the capillaries and drain it into veins.
Arrector pili muscles
Definition:Small, involuntary muscles in the base of the hair follicle that cause goose flesh, sometimes called goose bumps, and papillae.
Lacrimal bones
Definition:Small, thin bones located at the front inner wall of the orbits (eye sockets).
Radius
Definition:Smaller bone in the forearm (lower arm) on the same side as the thumb.
Fibula
Definition:Smaller of the two bones that form the leg below the knee. The fibula may be visualized as a bump on the little-toe side of the ankle.
subsections
Definition:Smaller sections within a larger section of hair, used to maintain control of the hair while cutting.
Koilonychia
Definition:Soft spoon nails with a concave shape that appear scooped out.
Beau's lines
Definition:Sometimes called furrows (FUR-ohs) or corrugations (kor-uh-GAY-shuns); visible depressions running across the width of the natural nail plate; usually a result of major illness or injury that has traumatized the body.
angle
Definition:Space between two lines or surfaces that intersect at a given point.
Conditioner
Definition:Special chemical agent applied to the hair to deposit protein or moisturizer to help restore hair strength, infuse moisture, give hair body, or to protect hair against possible breakage.
Silicones
Definition:Special type of oil used in hair conditioners, water-resistant lubricants for the skin, and nail polish dryers.
Diplococci
Definition:Spherical bacteria that grow in pairs and cause diseases such as pneumonia.
Spirilla
Definition:Spiral or corkscrew-shaped bacteria that cause diseases such as syphilis and Lyme disease.
helix
Definition:Spiral shape of a coiled protein created by polypeptide chains that intertwine with each other.
Onychorrhexis
Definition:Split or brittle nails that have a series of lengthwise ridges giving a rough appearance to the surface of the nail plate.
base
Definition:Stationary, or non-moving, foundation of a pin curl (the area closest to the scalp); the panel of hair on which a roller is placed.
disulfide bond
Definition:Strong chemical side bond that joins the sulfur atoms of two neighboring cysteine amino acids to create one cystine, which joins together two polypeptide strands like rungs on a ladder.
Organs
Definition:Structures composed of specialized tissues designed to perform specific functions in plants and animals.
straightening gel
Definition:Styling product applied to damp hair that is wavy, curly, or extremely curly and then blown dry; relaxes the hair for a smooth, straight look.
volumizers
Definition:Styling products that add volume, especially at the base, when wet hair is blown dry.
electrons
Definition:Subatomic particles with a negative charge.
protons
Definition:Subatomic particles with a positive charge.
humectants
Definition:Substances that absorb moisture or promote the retention of moisture.
Catalysts
Definition:Substances that speed up chemical reactions.
Vitamin A
Definition:Supports the overall health of the skin; aids in the health, function, and repair of skin cells; has been shown to improve the skin's elasticity and thickness.
Glycerin
Definition:Sweet, colorless, oily substance used as a solvent and as a moisturizer in skin and body creams.
circuit breaker
Definition:Switch that automatically interrupts or shuts off an electric circuit at the first indication of overload.
Folliculitis barbae
Definition:Synonym tinea barbae (TIN-ee-uh BAR-bee). Also known as barbers itch, inflammation of the hair follicles caused by a bacterial infection from ingrown hairs. The cause is typically from ingrown hairs due to shaving or other epilation methods.
Fragilitas crinium
Definition:Technical term for brittle hair.
Pityriasis capitis simplex
Definition:Technical term for classic dandruff; characterized by scalp irritation, large flakes, and itchy scalp.
Pityriasis
Definition:Technical term for dandruff; characterized by excessive production and accumulation of skin cells.
Canities
Definition:Technical term for gray hair; results from the loss of the hair's natural melanin pigment.
Trichorrhexis nodosa
Definition:Technical term for knotted hair; it is characterized by brittleness and the formation of nodular swellings along the hair shaft.
Tinea
Definition:Technical term for ringworm—a contagious condition caused by fungal infection and not a parasite; characterized by itching, scales, and, sometimes, painful lesions.
Trichoptilosis
Definition:Technical term for split ends.
Blowdry styling
Definition:Technique of drying and styling damp hair in a single operation.
ribboning
Definition:Technique of forcing the hair between the thumb and the back of the comb to create tension.
double press
Definition:Technique of passing a hot curling iron through the hair before performing a hard press.
Soft press
Definition:Technique of pressing the hair to remove 50 to 60 percent of the curl by applying the thermal pressing comb once on each side of the hair.
Hard press
Definition:Technique that removes 100 percent of the curl by applying the pressing comb twice on each side of the hair.
Medium press
Definition:Technique that removes 60 to 75 percent of the curl by applying a thermal pressing comb once on each side of the hair, using slightly more pressure than in the soft press.
Postpartum alopecia
Definition:Temporary hair loss experienced towards the end and after the pregnancy.
Epicranial aponeurosis
Definition:Tendon that connects the occipitalis and frontalis muscles.
textured set and styles
Definition:Textured sets elongate the natural frizzy hair and make a smooth-silky curl, wavy or zig-zag pattern when the hair is set wet or dry on natural curly or coily hair textures.
Razor-over-comb
Definition:Texturizing technique in which the comb and the razor are used on the surface of the hair.
immunity
Definition:The ability of the body to destroy and resist infection. Immunity against disease can be either natural or acquired, and is a sign of good health.
Space
Definition:The area surrounding the form or the area the hairstyle occupies.
endocrine system
Definition:The body system consisting of a group of specialized glands that affect the growth, development, sexual functions, and health of the entire body.
lymphatic/immune system
Definition:The body system that consists of lymph, lymph nodes, the thymus gland, the spleen, and lymph vessels. It carries waste and impurities away from the cells and protects the body from disease by developing immunities and destroying disease-causing microorganisms.
integumentary system
Definition:The body system that consists of skin and its accessory organs, such as the oil and sweat glands, sensory receptors, hair, and nails; it serves as a protective covering and helps regulate the body's temperature.
muscular system
Definition:The body system that covers, shapes, and holds the skeletal system in place; the muscular system contracts and moves various parts of the body.
reproductive system
Definition:The body system that includes the ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, and vagina in the female and the testes, prostate gland, penis, and urethra in the male. This system performs the function of producing offspring and passing on the genetic code from one generation to another.
lanthionine bonds
Definition:The bonds created when disulfide bonds are broken by hydroxide chemical hair relaxers after the relaxer is rinsed from the hair.
Frontal bone
Definition:The bone that forms the forehead.
catagen phase
Definition:The brief transition period between the growth and resting phases of a hair follicle. It signals the end of the growth phase.
shell
Definition:The clamp that presses the hair against the barrel or rod of a thermal iron.
Wave pattern
Definition:The coil configuration, of textured hair.
Proportion
Definition:The comparative relationship of one thing to another; the harmonious relationship among parts or things.
barrier function
Definition:The complex of lipids between the cells that keep the skin moist by preventing water evaporation, and to guard against irritants penetrating the skin surface.
Harmony
Definition:The creation of unity in a design; the most important of the art principles. Holds all the elements of the design together.
binary fission
Definition:The division of bacteria cells into two new cells called daughter cells.
COHNS elements
Definition:The five elements—carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and sulfur—that make up human hair, skin, tissue, and nails.
PonyTail
Definition:The foundation for a chignon, bun, and knot, and can be worn classic or trendy; can be placed on various parts of the head and is the most commonly used hairstyle because of its versatility.
facial skeleton
Definition:The framework of the face; composed of 14 bones.
Bantu knot
Definition:The hair is double-strand twisted or coil twisted and wrapped around itself to make a knot. Knots are secured by bobby pins or elastic bands.
Retention hyperkeratosis
Definition:The hereditary tendency for acne-prone skin to retain dead cells in the follicle, forming an obstruction that clogs follicles and exacerbates inflammatory acne lesions such as papules and pustules.
Occipital bone
Definition:The hindmost bone of the skull, below the parietal bones; forms the back of the skull above the nape.
Belly
Definition:The middle part of the muscle.
Pituitary gland
Definition:The most complex organ of the endocrine system. This gland affects almost every physiologic process of the body: growth, blood pressure, contractions during childbirth, breast-milk production, sexual organ functions in both women and men, thyroid gland function, and the conversion of food into energy (metabolism).
Insertion
Definition:The movable part of the muscle that is farthest from the skeleton.
Electricity
Definition:The movement of electrons from one atom to another along a conductor.
Hair density
Definition:The number of individual hair strands on 1 square inch (2.5 square centimeters) of scalp.
visible spectrum of light
Definition:The part of the electromagnetic spectrum that can be seen. Visible light makes up only 35 percent of natural sunlight.
Origin
Definition:The part of the muscle that does not move; attached closest to the skeleton.
circle
Definition:The part of the pin curl that forms a complete circle; also, the hair that is wrapped around the roller.
complete electric circuit
Definition:The path of negative and positive electric currents moving from the generating source through the conductors and back to the generating source.
Indentation
Definition:The point where curls of opposite directions meet, forming a recessed area.
hair shaft
Definition:The portion of hair that projects above the epidermis.
Off base
Definition:The position of a curl or a roller completely off its base for maximum mobility and minimum volume.
contamination
Definition:The presence, or the reasonably anticipated presence, of blood or other potentially infectious materials on an item's surface or visible debris or residues such as dust, hair, and skin.
Sterilization
Definition:The process that completely destroys all microbial life, including spores.
Cytoplasm
Definition:The protoplasm of a cell; the watery fluid that surrounds the nucleus of the cell and is needed for growth, reproduction, and self-repair.
Decontamination
Definition:The removal of blood and all other potentially infectious materials on an item's surface, and the removal of visible debris or residue such as dust, hair, and skin.
Onychomadesis
Definition:The separation and falling off of a nail plate from the nail bed; affects fingernails and toenails.
Ionization
Definition:The separation of an atom or molecule into positive and negative ions.
Cervical vertebrae
Definition:The seven bones of the top part of the vertebral column, located in the neck region.
wave pattern
Definition:The shape of the hair strands; described as straight, wavy, curly, and extremely curly.
arrector pili muscle
Definition:The small, involuntary muscle in the base of the hair follicle.
atom
Definition:The smallest chemical components (often called particles) of an element; structures that make up the element and have the same properties of the element.
stratum spinosum
Definition:The spiny layer just above the stratum germinativum layer.
Anatomy
Definition:The study of human body structures that can be seen with the naked eye and how the body parts are organized; the science of the structure of organisms or of their parts.
Pulmonary circulation
Definition:The system that takes deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs for oxygenation and waste removal and then returns that blood to the heart (left atrium) so oxygen-rich blood can be delivered to the body.
adipose tissue
Definition:The technical term for fat; it gives smoothness and contour to the body.
states of matter
Definition:The three different physical forms of matter: solid, liquid, and gas.
Melanin
Definition:The tiny grains of pigment in the cortex that give natural color to the hair.
epidermal-dermal junction
Definition:The top of the papillary layer where it joins the epidermis.
hair follicle
Definition:The tube-like depression or pocket in the skin or scalp that contains the hair root.
Mitosis
Definition:The usual process of cell reproduction of human tissues that occurs when the cell divides into two identical cells called daughter cells.
Off-base curls
Definition:Thermal curls placed completely off their base, offering only slight lift or volume.
Half-base curls
Definition:Thermal curls placed half off their base; strong curls with moderate lift or volume.
Volume-base curls
Definition:Thermal curls placed very high on their base; provide maximum lift or volume.
Full-base curls
Definition:Thermal curls that sit in the center of their base; strong curls with full volume.
sweat glands
Definition:They excrete perspiration and detoxify the body by excreting excess salt and unwanted chemicals.
Keloid
Definition:Thick scar resulting from excessive growth of fibrous tissue.
Onychauxis
Definition:Thickening of nails.
callus
Definition:Thickening of the skin caused by continued, repeated pressure on any part of the skin, especially the hands and feet.
Levator palpebrae superioris muscle
Definition:Thin muscle that controls the movement of the eyelid.
line
Definition:Thin, continuous mark used as a guide; can be straight or curved, horizontal, vertical, or diagonal.
Buccinator muscle
Definition:Thin, flat muscle of the cheek between the upper and lower jaw that compresses the cheeks and expels air between the lips.
Veins
Definition:Thin-walled blood vessels that are less elastic than arteries; veins contain cup-like valves that keep blood flowing in one direction to the heart and prevent blood from flowing backward.
Spiral rod sets
Definition:This set can be done with rods, flexi-rods, or curl reformers of all sizes. Hair is wrapped around a vertical rod, moving up the rod in a spiral movement.
Braid-out set
Definition:This style involves braiding the hair when either wet or dry and then opening the braid to create a crimped texture-on-texture effect with added volume.
visible braid
Definition:Three-strand braid that is created using an underhand technique.
melanin
Definition:Tiny grains of pigment (coloring matter) that are produced by melanocytes and deposited into cells in the stratum germinativum layer of the epidermis and in the papillary layers of the dermis. There are two types of melanin: pheomelanin, which is red to yellow in color, and eumelanin, which is dark brown to black.
Capillaries
Definition:Tiny, thin-walled blood vessels that connect the smaller arteries to the venules. Capillaries bring nutrients to the cells and carry away waste materials.
nerve tissue
Definition:Tissue that carries messages to and from the brain and controls and coordinates all bodily functions.
muscle tissue
Definition:Tissue that contracts and moves various parts of the body.
section
Definition:To divide the hair by parting into uniform working areas for control. During haircutting, the working areas of the hair. Working in smaller sections gives better control.
sections
Definition:To divide the hair by parting into uniform working areas for control. During haircutting, the working areas of the hair. Working in smaller sections gives better control.
alopecia totalis
Definition:Total loss of scalp hair.
ligament
Definition:Tough band of fibrous tissue that connects bones or holds an organ in place.
indirect transmission
Definition:Transmission of blood or body fluids through contact with an intermediate contaminated object such as a razor, extractor, nipper, or an environmental surface.
direct transmission
Definition:Transmission of blood or body fluids through touching (including shaking hands), kissing, coughing, sneezing, and talking.
blood vessels
Definition:Tube-like structures that include arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins.
cowlick
Definition:Tuft of hair that stands straight up.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Definition:Type of skin cancer more serious than basal cell carcinoma; often characterized by scaly red papules or nodules.
Hyoid bone
Definition:U-shaped bone at the base of the tongue that supports the tongue and its muscles.
amino acids
Definition:Units that are joined together end-to-end like pop beads by strong, chemical peptide bonds (end bonds) to form the polypeptide chains that comprise proteins.
free radicals
Definition:Unstable molecules that cause biochemical aging, especially wrinkling and sagging of the skin.
Suspensions
Definition:Unstable physical mixtures of undissolved particles in a liquid.
Humerus
Definition:Uppermost and largest bone in the arm, extending from the elbow to the shoulder.
Steamer
Definition:Used to deeply hydrate, moisturize, and condition the hair with water vapor; infuses water hydration, opening the cuticle layer of the hair shaft and enabling nourishing protein conditioners and botanical oils to penetrate deeply into the cortex layer.
End curls
Definition:Used to give a finished appearance to hair ends either turned under or over.
Transitional lines
Definition:Usually curved lines that are used to blend and soften horizontal or vertical lines.
Ringed hair
Definition:Variety of canities characterized by alternating bands of gray and pigmented hair throughout the length of the hair strand.
Toxins
Definition:Various poisonous substances produced by some microorganisms (bacteria and viruses).
external jugular vein
Definition:Vein located at the side of the neck that carries blood returning to the heart from the head, face, and neck.
internal jugular vein
Definition:Vein located at the side of the neck to collect blood from the brain and parts of the face and neck.
Ridges
Definition:Vertical lines running through the length of the natural nail plate that are caused by uneven growth of the nails, usually the result of normal aging.
lunula
Definition:Visible part of the matrix that extends from underneath the living skin; it is the whitish, half-moon shape at the base of the nail.
weight line
Definition:Visual line in the haircut where the ends of the hair hang together.
Hard water
Definition:Water that contains minerals that reduce the ability of soap or shampoo to lather.
nail malformation
Definition:When the nail is abnormal in shape or form.
Parietal ridge
Definition:Widest area of the head, usually starting at the temples and ending at the bottom of the crown.
Nail forms
Depending on manufacturer recommendations clear plastic_______ are sometimes used to allow UV and LED radiation to penetrate from the outside for more complete curing of the free edge
3-D nail art
Describes any art that protrudes from the nail.
The third step of the 10-step client consultation method is: _______________________________________________
Determine and rate the client's preferences
Liquid foundation is primarily water but often contains an emollient such as an oil or a silicone such as:
Dimethicone
What product adds cross-links to the natural nail plate?
Dimethyl urea hardener
The ninth step of the 10-step client consultation method is: ____________________________________________________________________________
Discuss upkeep and maintenance
Hospital disinfectants
Disinfectants that are effective for cleaning blood and body fluids.
side bonds
Disulfide, salt, and hydrogen bonds that cross-link polypeptide chains together.
During the Renaissance women would shave their _ to show greater intelligence
Eyebrows
Used to make artificial eyelashes adhere, or stick to the natural lash line:
Eyelash adhesive
A cosmetic used to define the eyes and make the lash line appear fuller:
Eyeliner
During the Middle Ages women used makeup on their cheeks and lips but not on their
Eyes
The only set rules for I make up colors are that the chosen colors should enhance the clients ________.
Eyes
Cosmetics used to accentuate the eye shape and complement eye color:
Eyeshadows
modelage masks
Facial masks containing special crystals of gypsum, a plaster-like ingredient.
fulling
Form of petrissage in which the tissue is grasped, gently lifted, and spread out; used mainly for massaging the arms.
Putting others first
Francesca is looking forward to a long weekend. Before she leaves work, her manager asked her if she can do work on both Friday and Saturday because another cosmetologist has a family emergency. She agrees to do so. Francesca's reaction is best described as what?
Hair Extensions
Hair additions that are secured to the base of the client's natural hair in order to add length, volume, texture, or color.
spiral perm wrap
Hair is wrapped at an angle other than perpendicular to the length of the rod, which causes the hair to spiral along the length of the rod, similar to the stripes on a candy canes. M: instead of a S wave it gives you a spiral curl
chemical texture services
Hair service that cause a chemical change that alters the natural wave pattern of the hair M: from current hair texture to new texture
Fallen hair
Hair that has been shed from the head or gathered from a hairbrush, as opposed to hair that has been cut; the cuticles of the strands will move in different directions.
Integration hairpiece
Hairpiece that has openings in the base through which the client's own hair is pulled to blend with the hair (natural or synthetic) of the hairpiece.
African civilizations
Hairstyles were used as a symbol of tribal traditions, and conveyed message of age, marital status, power and rank.
Block
Head-shaped form, usually made of canvas-covered cork or styrofoam, on which the wig is secured for fitting, cleaning, coloring, and styling.
In 1932 chemists generates an alternative to the machine perm using
Heat generated by chemical reactions (perm wraps)
Produced when a product that is lighter than the clients skin tone is placed on the high planes of the face:
Highlight
During the Victorian age women used beauty masks made of:
Honey, eggs, milk, oatmeal, fruits, vegetables
Malpractice
If you operate your salon in a building you own, you need liability, ___ and burglary insurance.
Professional Image
Impression projected by a person engaged in any profession, consisting of outward appearance and conduct exhibited in the workplace.
The 20th century signaled the spread of _
Industrialization
Demographics
Information about a specific population, including age and income is ____.
Soft sell
Informing clients about a product, without stressing that they purchase it, is known as what?
metal hydroxide relaxers
Ionic compounds formed by a metal (sodium, potassium, or lithium) which is combined with oxygen and hydrogen. M: reacts to a metal
Scheduling the next appointment while the client is still in the salon
Jasmine wants to make sure she read books clients as much as possible. Which approach would be best?
Being punctual
Katrina is not simply on time for her shift. She is usually early and is well prepared for her first client of the day. Katrina's behavior is best described as what?
Greek women applied _ to their eyes
Kohl
_____________ contains an active drug ingredient called bimatoprost.
Latisse
In 1932 who introduced the first permanent hair color product?
Lawrence gelb
Generally applied before the lip color to define the shape of the lips and keep color from bleeding:
Lip liner
_____________ foundation is often applied to the skin in small dots across the face and then quickly blended with a sponge or foundation brush.
Liquid
alipidic
Literally means "lack of lipids"; describes skin that does not produce enough sebum, indicated by absence of visible pores.
rolling
Massage movement in which the tissues are pressed and twisted using a fast back-and-forth movement.
Microdermabrasion
Mechanical exfoliation that involves shooting aluminum oxide or other crystals at the skin with a hand-held device that exfoliates dead cells.
Recognize the entry level jobs often involve performing tasks that might not be her first choice
Mika just started a new job and give shampoos, restocks stations and works the front desk. She is rarely involved with the new were types of styling that she enjoys most. How should she respond?
Term that is most commonly used to describe a highly pigmented powder foundation:
Mineral foundation
Up until the 19th century many barbers also performed ______
Minor surgeries and practiced dentistry
Salary
Mischa gets paid $15 an hour. If she works 40 hours in a week, she is paying $600 before withholding. Her pay plan is known as what?
Captial
Money to invest in a business is called ____.
pointed nail
Nail shape suited to thin hands with long fingers and narrow nail beds. The nail is tapered and longer than usual to emphasize and enhance the slender appearance of the hand.
Many
Nail tips are available in _____ sizes, colors, and shapes, making it easy to fit each client with precisely the right size and shape.
Gently slid off
Nail tips are softened with acetone or tip remover and _____.
Not long-wearing and can break easier
Nail tips that do not have the reinforcement provided by the overlay are _____.
Every 2 weeks
Nail wraps are rebalanced with additional resin _____.
Acetone
Nail wraps are removed by immersing the entire enhancement in a small glass bowl filled with _____.
essential oils
Oils extracted using various forms of distillation from the seeds, bark, roots, leaves, wood, and/or resin of plants.
Allergies and sensitivities
One purpose of the client consultation in a hair removal service is for the client to disclose
Investment
One reason for entering into a partnership is to have more captial for ____.
thio-free waves
Perm that uses an ingredient other than ATG as the primary reducing agent, such as cysteamine or mercaptamine.
bookend wrap
Perm wrap in which one end paper is folded in half over the hair ends like an envelope. M: fold end paper over hair
double flat wrap
Perm wrap in which one end paper is placed under and another is placed over the strand of hair being wrapped. M: 2 end papers
bricklay permanent wrap
Perm wrap similar to actual technique by bricklaying; base sections are offset from each other row by row, to prevent noticeable splits and to blend the flow of the hair. M: brick wall
laser hair removal
Permanent hair removal treatment in which a laser beam is pulsed on the skin, impairing the hair growth.
croquignole perm wrap
Perms in which the hair strands are wrapped from the ends to the scalp in overlapping concentric layers. M: from tip of shaft to end of shaft wraped
ammonia-free waves
Perms that use an ingredient that does not evaporate as readily as ammonia, so there is a very little odor is associated with their use.
low-pH waves
Perms that use sulfates, sulfites, and bisulfites as an alternative to ammonium thioglycolate. M: creates loose permed waves
Ancient Egyptians used cosmetics four
Personal beautification religious ceremonies and burial ceremonies
base control
Position of the tool in relation to its base section, determined by the angle at which the hair is wrapped.
Practice of cosmetology means:
Providing services to, the hair, face, neck, or scalp of a human being. Including: shaving, trimming, and cutting hair or beard. Application of antiseptics, powders, oils, classy, lotions, or applying tonics to the hair, head, or scalp.
procrastination
Putting off until tomorrow what you can do today.
This eye shape can be lengthened by extending the shadow beyond the outer corners of the eye.
Round eyes
croquignole perm wrap
Shorter hair was wound from the ends toward the scalp. Styled in deep waves with loose curls
The sixth step of the 10-step consultation method is: ______________________________________________________________________________.
Show and tell
inactive electrode
Showing card 28 of 4628 of 46 | Hide Card | Flip Card Term:Anaphoresis
epilator
Substance used to remove hair by pulling it out of the follicle
depilatory
Substance, usually a caustic alkali preparation, used for the temporary removal of superfluous hair by dissolving it at the skin surface level.
Work ethic
Taking pride in your work and committing yourself to consistently doing a good job for your clients, employer, and salon team.
sugaring
Temporary hair removal method that involves the use of a thick, sugar-based paste.
Executive
The ____ summary is the part of the business plan that summarizes your plan and states your objectives.
Nail wrap material
The _____ is the heart of a nail wrap system and gives this system its unique properties.
Position stop
The _____ is the point where the free edge of the natural nail meets the tip, and where the tip is adhered to the nail.
scope of practice
The list of services that you are legally allowed to perform in your specialty in your state.
In 1917 Sarah Breedlove organized
The madam c j Walker hair culturists union of America
One
The minimum number of stockholders allowed for a corporation to exist is ____.
Corporation
The three types of salon ownership are individual ownership, partnerships, and ____.
The ideal eyebrow is positioned along _________ lines.
Three
cure
To harden.
prioritize
To make a list of tasks that need to be done in the order of most-to-least important.
A 6" x 4" plastic sheet
To press fabric wraps onto the natural nail plate and avoid the transfer of dust or oil, use _____.
4 inches
To use a linking method of attachment, the natural hair should be at least how long?
soft bender rods
Tool about 12 inches long with a uniform diameter along the entire length. M: rods that require no elastic
Inhibition layer
UV or LED gels cure with a tacky surface called a(n)?
nail primer
Used on the natural nail prior to product application to assist in adhesion; used to chemically bond the enhancement product to the natural nail.
What era was considered the most Aussie air and restricted and cosmetology history
Victorian
wringing
Vigorous movement in which the hands, placed a little distance apart on both sides of the client's arm or leg and working downward, apply a twisting motion against the bones in the opposite direction.
Range from yellow and gold to orange, red orange, most red's, and even some yellow- greens
Warm colors
Liquid foundation is primarily:
Water
hydrogen bonds
Weak physical side bonds that are also the result of an attraction between opposite electrical charges; they are easily broken by water (wet setting) or heat (thermal styling), and they re-form as the hair dries or cools.
With the hair growth
What direction should the brow hairs be pulled when tweezing the eyebrows?
Find a role model
What is one of the best ways to improve your performance?
Five years
When opening a salon, your business plan should include income and expenses for up to ___ ___.
Look realistic
When performing a haircutting procedure on a wig, the goal generally is to make the wig _______.
Location
When planning to open a salon, one of the most important considerations is ___.
Accountant
When preparing your business plan, it is helpful to consult an ___ to prepare your financial documents.
use the wind test to gauge how realistic it looks
When styling a wig, it is recommended that you __________.
French manicure
When the nail bed is one color, such as pink, peach, or beige (depending upon the client's skin tone), and the free edge of the nail is another color, such as white.
Low
When using heat on human hair, you should set the styling tool on _____.
on the inner wrist
When using hot wax, test the temperature by applying a small drop of wax
Temperature
When waxing, always test the ________________ of the heated wax before applying it to the clients skin.
eyes
When waxing, take care to ensure that the wax does not come in contact with the ______________________
Tip-cutter
Which implement is similar to a nail clipper that is used on nail tips?
Silk wraps
Which material is thin and tightly woven, and becomes transparent when wrap resin is applied?
Machine-made
Which method of construction is typically least expensive?
Linen wraps
Which nail wrap is made from a closely woven, heavy material and is considered to be the strongest nail wrap fabric?
Fiberglass wraps
Which nail wrap is made from a very thin synthetic mesh with a loose weave and is easy to use?
Nail tips
Which product is made of plastic, pre-molded nails shaped from a tough polymer of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene plastic?
Bonding gels
Which substance are used to increase adhesion to the natural nail plate similar to a monomer liquid and polymer powder primer
building gels
Which substance include any thick-viscosity resin that allows the cosmetologist to build an arch and curve into the fingernail
Gel polish
Which substance is a thin-viscosity gel that is usually pigmented and packaged in a pot or a polish bottle and used as an alternative to traditional nail lacquer
UV light
Which term describes wavelength of electromagnetic radiation that occur beyond the visible spectrum of light
The salon business usually _____ receptions much better than other industries
With stands
weave technique
Wrapping technique that uses zigzag partings to divide base areas.
resume
Written summary of a person's education and work experience.
What is a biggest area of concern when preparing for a job interview?
Your wardrobe and overall appearance
steamer
a facial machine that heats and produces a stream of warm steam that can be focused on the clients face or other areas of the skin
complementary colors
a primary and secondary color positioned directly opposite each other on the color wheel
Sarah Breedlove suffered from:
a scalp condition that caused her to lose her hair and experiment with home remedies.
Spray on brush cleaners can be used to quickly clean brushes, they contain a high level of _____________ and are not recommended for daily use.
alcohol
developers
also known as oxidizing agents or catalysts; when mixed with an oxidation hair color, supplies the necessary oxygen gas to develop color molecules and create change in hair color
bailage
also known as the free form technique; painting a lightener (usually a powdered off-the-scalp lightener) directly onto clean, styled hair
special effects haircoloring
any technique that involves partial highlights and coloring
successful learning tools
attend all classes, arrive for class early, hall all necessary materials ready, listen attentively to your instructor, take notes, pay close attention during sessions, if something isn't clear ask for clarification/assistance.
Once polish has been applied, wipe away excess polish with a cotton tipped wooden pusher dipped in _____________.
away from you on the inside of the lip of the bottle
A _________ color is generally a medium shade that is close to the client skin tone.
base
Receptivity
be interested in other people. and responsive to their opinions. feelings, and ideas. Receptivity involves taking the time to really listen to others. Also, be open-minded and willing to work with all personality types.
If you are involved with a scheduling mix-up, always remember to _______________________________________________________.
be polite and never argue about who is correct
Use Deodorant
before going to work
When should the client consultation be performed?
before starting the actual service
Sensitivity
being sensitive means being compassionate and responsive to other people.
A practical step for effectively communicating in the workplace is to _____________________________________.
believe in yourself
What is considered to be the most luxurious method of applying paraffin?
cheesecloth
lighteners
chemical compounds that lighten hair by dispersing, dissolving, and decolorizing the natural hair pigment
The most important communication you will have with your clients is a _____________, which will help you to determine the client's needs and achieve the desired results.
client consultation
secondary color
color obtained by mixing equal parts of two primary colors
The primary difference between a regular basic manicure for a female and a man's manicure is the ________________.
colored polish
highlighting
coloring some of the hair strands lighter than the natural color of the hair to add a variety of lighter shades and the illusion of depth
slicing
coloring technique that involves taking a narrow 1/8 inch of a section of hair by making a straight part at the scalp, positioning the hair over the foil, and applying lightener.
weaving
coloring technique with highlights
highlighting shampoo
colors prepared by combining permanent haircolor, hydrogen peroxide, and shampoo
soap cap
combination of equal parts of a prepared permanent color mixture and shampoo used the last five minutes and worked through the hair to refresh the ends
mixed melanin
combination of natural hair color that contains both pheomelanin and eumelanin
haircolor glaze
common way to describe a haircolor service that adds shine and color to the hair
------------- is effectively the basis of all long-lasting relationships with clients and coworkers.
communcation
Your reactions to situations beyond your control and your ability to _________________________ in the face of challenges are critical to being successful in a people profession.
communicate effectively
aniline derivatives
contain small, uncolored dyes that combine with hydrogen peroxide to form larger, permanent dye molecules within the coretex
If the red is blue based it is:
cool
If a client requests a specific cut or color that she has seen on a celebrity that cannot be achieved, you should _________________________________________________.
create a plan, offer alternative looks and set future goals
Catalyst are added to monomer liquid, and are used to control:
curing time
Mascara brushes can be straight or:
curved
One of the basics of personal hygiene is?
daily bathing
What is the condition in which the skin may appear flaky or dry looking, indicating a lack of moisture in the skin?
dehydrated
The foundation color that seems to _______________ is the right choice.
disappear
discretion
do not share your personal issues with clients.
The act of successfully sharing information between two people so the information is understood id called _____________________________.
effective communication
prelightening
first step to a double process haircoloring, used to lift or lighten the natural pigment of the hair before the application of a toner
Large abrasive file used to smooth and reduce thicker areas of callus:
foot file
What types of toners are usually stronger, often with higher alcohol content, and are used to treat oilier skin types?
fresheners and astringents
What can be used to hold in place certain mask ingredients that tend to run?
gauze
For ruddy skin, apply a _________ color corrector or color correcting primer to affected areas, blending carefully.
green
resistant
hair type that is difficult for moisture or chemicals to penetrate and thus requires a longer processing time
a physician examination
if a client has athletes foot you should recommend:
Powder mineral make up is usually applied with a large, fluffy brush called a:
kabuki brush
Among the guidelines for good posture while standing is to?
keep the neck elongated
Another name for nail polish is __________.
lacquer
Nail enhancements that are not properly maintained have a great tendency to:
lift and break
permanent haircolors
lighten and deposit color at the same time and in a single process because they are more alkaline than no-lift deposit-only colors and are more usually mixed with a higher-volume developer
off the scalp lighteners
lighteners that can not be used on the scalp
When you perform nail services, the single-use supplies used during a service that must be replaced for each client are called _____________.
materials
If the special occasion will include flash photography, such as a wedding, _______ colors are recommended.
matte
nail rasp
metal file with an edge that can file the nail plate in only one direction
Nail hardeners include those with reinforcing fibers such as nylon, protein, and _____________.
methylene glycol
A popular treatment using mechanical exfoliation is known as __________
microdermabrasion
The use of dappen dishes to hold monomer and polymer products helps to:
minimize evaporation
The amount of monomer and polymer used to create a bead.
mix ratio
Special notes for preforming facial treatments on men include always _________ the pattern of the beard
moving with
skin that has an overabundance of sebum is considered to be __
oily
new growth
part of the hair shaft between the scalp and the hair that has been previously colored
foot leg massage
people with blood circulation problems should not have____________ done:
The most stimulating form of massage that is preformed by tapping, slapping or hacking movements is called ___________
percussion or tapotement
Maintaining cleanliness and healthfulness every day is called?
personal hygiene
What tool should you use to put your clients at ease about your technical abilities?
personal portfolio
Physical Presentation
persons physical posture, walk, and movements
When the skin is grasped between the fingers and palms and tissues are lifted from the underlying structures and squeezed, rolled, or pinched with light, firm pressure, it is called _______________
petrissage
In order to avoid strain on your body when standing for long periods, consider?
placing one foot on a stool
To dispose of tiny amounts of leftover monomer liquid carefully wipe with a paper towel before placing it in a ____________
plastic bag
Removing nail cosmetics from their containers is accomplished with a:
plastic or metal spatula
Hard substance formed by combining many small molecules, usually in a long chain-like structure.
polymer
The chemical reaction that creates polymers also called curing or hardening.
polymerization
More customized pedicure unit, which has a removable foot bath and the technician's stool built into one unit>
portable water bath
A proactive method for moving toward a successful career is to approach your employee evaluation sessions with a __________________________________.
positive attitude
Maintaining the health of the facial skin by using correct cleansing methods, increasing circulation, relaxing the nerves and activating the skin glands and metabolism through a massage is known as ________ facial treatments
preservative
single process hair coloring
process that lightens and deposits color in the hair in a single application
foot soaks
product that are put into the water in the pedicure bath to soften the skin on the feet during the soak time.
foot soaks
products containing gentle soaps, moisturizers, and other additives that are used in a pedicure bath to cleanse, deodorize, and soften the skin:
haircolor
professional, salon industry term referring to artificial hair color products and services
Physical exercise has many positive effects on our bodies including?
proper functioning of organs
Using the proper mixture of powder and liquid ensures ___________ and maximum durability of the nail enhancement
proper set
primary colors
pure or fundamental colors (red, yellow, and blue) that cannot be created by combining other colors
High-performance mascara contain ________ or ________ fibers to lengthen and thicken the hair fibers.
rayon nylon
The benefit of using nail clippers to shorten nail length is to __________
reduce filing time
In dealing with conflicts that may occur between your coworkers, it is important to _________________________________.
remain neutral
____________ nails are the most common choice for male clients because of their natural appearance.
round
Cream and gel blush result in a ___________ finish that simulates naturally flushed cheeks.
sheer
professional pedicure products
soak, scrubs, masks, pedicure lotions and creams callus softeners
The negative pole is the active electrode of the galvanic current that is used when negative reactions are desired on the face such as forcing product into the skin, or ______________
softening sebum
When choosing clothes to wear on the job, you must consider?
the dress code of the salon
When choosing your own hairstyle on the job, you must consider?
the dress code of the salon
overnight
the weekly maintenance procedure for a pipe-less requires the disinfectant solution to remain in the foot spa
materials
toe separators, pedicure slippers,
fine point
toenail clipper that are the most effective should have jaws with a :
implemets
toenail clippers, toenail nipper, curette,nail rasp, pedicure nail file, foot files ,
What is applied after massage cream is removed?
toner or refreshener
Fresheners and astringents that are used to remove excess cleansers and residue left behind by face wash cleansers, as well as help rebalance the pH of the skin, are called _____________
toners
implements
tools used to perform nail services. implements can be mulituse or single-use.
What's in a hygiene pack?
tooth brush and tooth paste, floss, mouthwash, deodorant, hand wipes
fillers
used to equalize porosity
conditioner fillers
used to recondition damaged, overly porous hair and equalize porosity so that the hair accepts the color evenly from strand to strand and scalp to ends
The thicker the product, the less ________ it contains.
water
Many eyebrow kits partner powders with an eyebrow ________ to keep hairs in place.
wax
If too little powder is used the nail enhancement can become:
weaker
What is the very first thing you should do when meeting a new client?
wear a smile
A bead that uses twice as much liquid as powder is called
wet bead
The best way to understand others is to begin with a firm understanding of _____________________.
yourself